Assessment of disclosure risk is of paramount importance in data privacy research and applications. The concept of differential privacy (DP) formalizes privacy in probabilistic terms and provides a ...robust concept for privacy protection. Practical applications of DP involve development of DP mechanisms to release data at a pre-specified privacy budget. In this paper, we generalize the widely used Laplace mechanism to the family of generalized Gaussian (GG) mechanism based on the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">l_p</tex-math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq1-2845388.gif"/> </inline-formula> global sensitivity of statistical queries. We explore the theoretical requirement for the GG mechanism to reach DP at prespecified privacy parameters, and investigate the connections and differences between the GG mechanism and the Exponential mechanism based on the GG distribution. We also present a lower bound on the scale parameter of the Gaussian mechanism of <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">(\epsilon, \delta)</tex-math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq2-2845388.gif"/> </inline-formula>-probabilistic DP as a special case of the GG mechanism, and compare the utility of sanitized results in the tail probability and dispersion between the Gaussian and Laplace mechanisms. Lastly, we apply the GG mechanism in three experiments and compare the accuracy of sanitized results in the <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">l_1</tex-math> <inline-graphic xlink:href="liu-ieq3-2845388.gif"/> </inline-formula> distance and Kullback-Leibler divergence, and examine the prediction power of a SVM classifier constructed with the sanitized data relative to the original results.
The efficacy of checkpoint immunotherapy to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) largely depends on the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we demonstrate that CCL7 facilitates anti-PD-1 therapy for ...the Kras
Tp53
(KP) and the Kras
Lkb1
(KL) NSCLC mouse models by recruiting conventional DC 1 (cDC1) into the TME to promote T cell expansion. CCL7 exhibits high expression in NSCLC tumor tissues and is positively correlated with the infiltration of cDC1 in the TME and the overall survival of NSCLC patients. CCL7 deficiency impairs the infiltration of cDC1 in the TME and the subsequent expansion of CD8
and CD4
T cells in bronchial draining lymph nodes and TME, thereby promoting tumor development in the KP mouse model. Administration of CCL7 into lungs alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 significantly inhibits tumor development and prolongs the survival of KP and KL mice. These findings suggest that CCL7 potentially serves as a biomarker and adjuvant for checkpoint immunotherapy of NSCLC.
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated proven efficacy in some hematologic cancers. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of LCAR-B38M, a dual epitope-binding CAR T cell ...therapy directed against 2 distinct B cell maturation antigen epitopes, in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) multiple myeloma (MM).
This ongoing phase 1, single-arm, open-label, multicenter study enrolled patients (18 to 80 years) with R/R MM. Lymphodepletion was performed using cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m
. LCAR-B38M CAR T cells (median CAR+ T cells, 0.5 × 10
cells/kg range, 0.07 to 2.1 × 10
) were infused in 3 separate infusions. The primary objective is to evaluate the safety of LCAR-B38M CAR T cells; the secondary objective is to evaluate the antimyeloma response of the treatment based on the general guidelines of the International Myeloma Working Group.
At data cutoff, 57 patients had received LCAR-B38M CAR T cells. All patients experienced ≥ 1 adverse events (AEs). Grade ≥ 3 AEs were reported in 37/57 patients (65%); most common were leukopenia (17/57; 30%), thrombocytopenia (13/57; 23%), and aspartate aminotransferase increased (12/57; 21%). Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 51/57 patients (90%); 4/57 (7%) had grade ≥ 3 cases. One patient reported neurotoxicity of grade 1 aphasia, agitation, and seizure-like activity. The overall response rate was 88% (95% confidence interval CI, 76 to 95); 39/57 patients (68%) achieved a complete response, 3/57 (5%) achieved a very good partial response, and 8/57 (14%) achieved a partial response. Minimal residual disease was negative for 36/57 (63%) patients. The median time to response was 1 month (range, 0.4 to 3.5). At a median follow-up of 8 months, median progression-free survival was 15 months (95% CI, 11 to not estimable). Median overall survival for all patients was not reached.
LCAR-B38M CAR T cell therapy displayed a manageable safety profile and demonstrated deep and durable responses in patients with R/R MM.
ClinicalTrials.gov , NCT03090659 ; Registered on March 27, 2017, retrospectively registered.
As the evidence of the toxic effects of bisphenol A (BPA) grows, its application in commercial products is gradually being replaced with other related compounds, such as bisphenol S (BPS). ...Nevertheless, very little is known about the occurrence of BPS in the environment. In this study, BPS was analyzed in 16 types of paper and paper products (n = 268), including thermal receipts, paper currencies, flyers, magazines, newspapers, food contact papers, airplane luggage tags, printing paper, kitchen rolls (i.e., paper towels), and toilet paper. All thermal receipt paper samples (n = 111) contained BPS at concentrations ranging from 0.0000138 to 22.0 mg/g (geometric mean: 0.181 mg/g). The overall mean concentrations of BPS in thermal receipt papers were similar to the concentrations reported earlier for BPA in the same set of samples. A significant negative correlation existed between BPS and BPA concentrations in thermal receipt paper samples (r = −0.55, p < 0.0001). BPS was detected in 87% of currency bill samples (n = 52) from 21 countries, at concentrations ranging from below the limit of quantification (LOQ) to 6.26 μg/g (geometric mean: 0.029 μg/g). BPS also was found in 14 other paper product types (n = 105), at concentrations ranging from <LOQ to 8.38 μg/g (geometric mean: 0.0036 μg/g; detection rate: 52%). The estimated daily intake (EDI) of BPS, through dermal absorption via handling of papers and currency bills, was estimated on the basis of concentrations and frequencies of the handling of papers by humans. The median and 95th percentile EDI values, respectively, were 4.18 and 11.0 ng/kg body weight (bw)/day for the general population and 312 and 821 ng/kg bw/day for occupationally exposed individuals. Among the paper types analyzed, thermal receipt papers were found to be the major sources of human exposure to BPS (>88%). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of BPS in paper products and currency bills.
Organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs), as novel and attractive kinds of organic electronic devices, have gained extensive attention from both academia and industry. The unique device ...architectures can simultaneously combine the electrical switching functionality of organic field‐effect transistors and the light generation capability of organic light‐emitting diodes in a single device, thereby holding great promise for reducing the complicated processes of next‐generation pixel circuitry. This review involves the design, fabrication, and applications of OLETs with a comprehensive coverage of this field with the aim to give a deep insight into the intrinsic mechanisms of devices. Challenges and future prospects of OLETs are also discussed.
Organic light‐emitting transistors (OLETs) represent a novel class of organic optoelectronic devices that combine the current modulating function of a transistor with light emission. Unipolar OLETs, ambipolar OLETs, and new device structures, most of which intend to elaborate their working principles and the construction of high‐quality optoelectronic devices, are spotlighted in terms of the representative paradigms.
This paper first realizes the construction of multi-level language database by using big data technology and deep learning algorithm. Then, through the analysis of neural network algorithm, the ...extended Kalman filter (EKF) model is established to form a data query system. Finally, simulation experiments verify whether the language database can correctly retrieve language bytes. Experiments show that the database based on big data and deep learning algorithm has high result adaptability. The debugging result of the simulation experiment is the average fitness of each classification after the simulation program runs 20 times continuously. When the number of analysis is more than 15, it is significantly higher than the other two methods, and it is also the smoothest on the convergence curve. The simulation results show that the language database construction method based on the combination of deep learning algorithm and C-type traveling wave has a good effect on the processing of branch point feature data. In addition, it has a good fitting effect on large-scale data, which is conducive to improve the recognition ability of different language systems in the database, and greatly improve the accuracy and efficiency of retrieval.
Purpose
The 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak is projected to have adverse consequences on the global tourism and hospitality industry. This paper aims to examine how the outbreak may alter ...Chinese tourists’ lifestyle choices, travel behaviour and tourism preferences in the short and long term.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on the synthesis of news broadcasted by several media outlets to be supported by an overview of the related literature on tourism marketing, tourism management and tourist behaviour. The authors’ experiences investigating trends in tourism and hospitality at the local and international level have also contributed to the study.
Findings
This paper predicts that COVID-19 will likely affect Chinese travellers’ consumption patterns, such as the growing popularity of free and independent travel, luxury trips and health and wellness tourism. New forms of tourism including slow tourism and smart tourism may also drive future tourism activities. Such changes are likely to force businesses to reconsider their service designs and distribution channels.
Research limitations/implications
While Chinese and other potential visitors rethink how they travel, professionals, too, should reflect upon how to bring positive or negative changes to the tourism industry following this pandemic. Subsequent research should also consider how to mitigate the effects of similar public health crises in the future.
Practical implications
Recommendations for industry practitioners and policymakers focus on tailoring travel arrangements to tourists’ backgrounds. The suggestions may help to alleviate outbreak-related stress, offer travellers newly enriching experiences and partially mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on the tourism and hospitality industry. These recommendations can also apply more broadly to global tourist markets.
Social implications
The COVID-19 outbreak has already brought significant impacts to nearly every society and industry. Tourism scholars and practitioners should carefully consider this tragedy and how it may inform industry and social practices. This and other public health crises represent sterling opportunities to view the industry holistically in terms of its effects on the environment, climate and travellers themselves.
Originality/value
This paper presumably represents a frontier study, critically examining the possible impacts of COVID-19 on Chinese travellers’ consumption patterns and how the tourism and hospitality industry may respond to such changes in the future.
COVID-19: 对中国公民的生活方式和旅行可能产生的影响
摘要
预计2019年新型冠状病毒（COVID-19）爆发将对全球旅游和酒店业产生不利影响。本文预测, COVID-19可能会影响中国旅客的消费方式, 例如自由行, 豪华旅行以及健康与养生旅游的普及。包括慢速旅游和智能旅游在内的新型旅游形式也可能推动未来的旅游活动。这种变化可能促使企业重新考虑其服务设计和分销渠道。针对行业从业者和政策制定者的建议着重于根据游客的背景和需求量身定制旅行安排。我们的建议可能有助于减轻与疫情暴发导致的压力, 为旅行者提供全新的丰富体验, 并从一定程度减轻COVID-19对旅游业和酒店业的影响。这些建议还可以更广泛地应用于全球旅游市场。
关键词
COVID-19, 生活方式 旅游行为 灾后 集体主义倾向 中国
COVID-19: Efectos potenciales sobre el estilo de vida y los viajes de los ciudadanos chinos
El extracto
El impacto del COVID-19 se prevé importante en la actividad turística global y en la industria de la hostelería. Este artículo predice que el COVID-19 afectará con probabilidad alta los patrones de consumo de los viajeros chinos, incluyendo los cada vez más populares viajes comprados directamente por los consumidores chinos, en el segmento del lujo, y el turismo de salud y belleza. Nuevas formas de turismo, incluyendo el slow tourism, y el turismo responsable pueden convertirse en importantes tendencias de futuro igualmente. Dichos cambios llevarán con cierta seguridad a la industria a reconsiderar y adaptar su oferta de servicios en este sector, en particular su diseño y los canales de distribución utilizados. Las recomendaciones para la industria y los responsables de la política turística se alinean con una mayor proximidad de la oferta a los gustos cambiantes del consumidor. Dichas acciones ayudarán a reducir fricciones y fallos en la definición del negocio turístico, ofreciendo a los viajeros nuevas y enriquecedoras experiencias, así como podrán mitigar en parte los efectos adversos estimados del COVID-19, los cuales son relevantes a día de hoy. Así mismo, dichas recomendaciones son aplicables de una manera más global a la industria del turismo y la hospitalidad en el mercado mundial.
Palabras-clave
COVID-19, Estilo de vida, Conducta del viajero, Post-desastre, Orientacion collectivista, China
Researches on electrochemical energy storage devices with a high energy density have attracted the tremendous attention in recent years due to the ever-growing energy demands and rapid development of ...electric vehicles. Carbon-based materials are widely employed as the electrode materials in supercapacitors (SCs) which are promising devices for highly efficient energy and power managements. However, such devices suffer from the moderate energy densities in common organic liquid electrolytes compared to secondary batteries, significantly limiting their future applications. To circumvent this issue, enlarging the working cell voltage of SCs is a more effective strategy for increasing the energy density in comparison with enhancing the specific capacitance. This critical review points out the potential strategies for enlarging the working cell voltage and surveying recent achievements of high cell voltage SCs obtained through the modification and development of hybrid systems. Various factors influencing the operating cell voltage of carbon-based materials are discussed from the intrinsic property viewpoints of carbon. Consequently, we make an in-depth summary on various promising approaches of significant breakthroughs in recent years and provide the strategies to choose suitable carbon materials or modification methods for approaching the high-voltage SCs.
The AC-based EDLCs employing common organic liquid electrolytes suffer from the moderate energy density because of the relatively low cell voltages of 2.5–2.7 V. Enlarging the working cell voltage of SCs, achieved by different combinations among electrode materials and electrolytes, is a more effective strategy for increasing the energy density in comparison with enhancing the specific capacitance of electrode materials. In addition, there are four general strategies: change in electrolytes, control of surface functional groups on carbons, modification of carbon surface, and asymmetric/hybrid designs, to achieve the high-voltge SC purpose. Display omitted
The Supreme Deity Talismans of XuHuo, as the mysterious visual artforms in Daoism, are significant ritual images created by Daoists during the Song and Yuan dynasties. This article explores the ...creation process of the SDTXH by applying psychoanalytic theory to analyze the literature related to their drawings in Daozang. The ritualistic concentration involved in writing the SDTXH resembles Jung’s systematic exercises aimed at eliminating critical attention, thus creating a vacuum in conscious. This vacuum serves as the key premise for active imagination, through which the unconscious is integrated into the conscious. Fuqiao, in fact, is a symbol dynamically depicting the process of the unconscious being inseminated by the conscious through immersion within it. This integration, or unity, represents the embodiment of concepts such as “mandala”, Guizhong, and Taiji. The SDTXH originate from Guizhong and essentially serve as archetypal images, similar to the sandplay images constructed by the clients. As the language of the unconscious, the SDTXH effectively bridge the conscious and unconscious, enabling the unconscious content, namely the archetype, to be symbolically expressed and bringing order to the creator through active imagination. The emergence of the SDTXH signifies the practitioner’s progress towards achieving psychic wholeness.
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