Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is entering a potentially new era of combined therapeutics. Triantafillidis et al provide an insightful review of the current state of combination therapy, with a ...focus on the use of a combined biologic and immunomodulator, as well as emerging data on the future potential of dual-biologic therapy (DBT). While current evidence for DBT is limited, encouraging safety profiles and ongoing trials suggest a brighter future for this approach. The importance of controlled trials should be stressed in establishing new treatment paradigms. Ongoing prospective randomized trials of DBT and perhaps future combinations of biologics and small molecule therapies will hopefully guide the next generation of IBD care.
This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a video game-based digital therapeutic combining applied behavior analysis techniques and gaze-contingent eye tracking to target ...emotion recognition in youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children aged 4–14 years with ASD were randomized to complete Lookware™ (
n
= 25) or a control video game (
n
= 29). Results from a 2 × 2 mixed ANOVA revealed that children in the intervention condition demonstrated significant improvements in emotion recognition from pre- to post-intervention compared to children in the control condition, F(1,52) = 17.48,
p
< 0.001. Children and staff perceived high feasibility and acceptability of Lookware™. Study results demonstrated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of Lookware™.
5G will have to cope with a high degree of heterogeneity in terms of services and requirements. Among these latter, the flexible and efficient use of non-contiguous unused spectrum for different ...network deployment scenarios is considered a key challenge for 5G systems. To maximize spectrum efficiency, the 5G air interface technology will also need to be flexible and capable of mapping various services to the best suitable combinations of frequency and radio resources. In this work, we propose a comparison of several 5G waveform candidates (OFDM, UFMC, FBMC and GFDM) under a common framework. We assess spectral efficiency, power spectral density, peak-to-average power ratio and robustness to asynchronous multi-user uplink transmission. Moreover, we evaluate and compare the complexity of the different waveforms. In addition to the complexity analysis, in this work, we also demonstrate the suitability of FBMC for specific 5G use cases via two experimental implementations. The benefits of these new waveforms for the foreseen 5G use cases are clearly highlighted on representative criteria and experiments.
We examine the rationality conjecture raised in 1 which states that (a) the formal power series ∑r≥1TCr+1(X)⋅xr represents a rational function of x with a single pole of order 2 at x=1 and (b) the ...leading coefficient of the pole equals cat(X). Here X is a finite CW-complex and for r≥2 the symbol TCr(X) denotes its r-th sequential topological complexity. We analyse an example (violating the Ganea conjecture) and conclude that part (b) of the rationality conjecture is false in general. Besides, we establish a cohomological version of the rationality conjecture.
Heart failure (HF) developing in hypertensive patients may occur with preserved or reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (PEF >or=50% or REF <50%). In the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering ...Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT), 42 418 high-risk hypertensive patients were randomized to chlorthalidone, amlodipine, lisinopril, or doxazosin, providing an opportunity to compare these treatments with regard to occurrence of hospitalized HFPEF or HFREF.
HF diagnostic criteria were prespecified in the ALLHAT protocol. EF estimated by contrast ventriculography, echocardiography, or radionuclide study was available in 910 of 1367 patients (66.6%) with hospitalized events meeting ALLHAT criteria. Cox regression models adjusted for baseline characteristics were used to examine treatment differences for HF (overall and by PEF and REF). HF case fatality rates were examined. Of those with EF data, 44.4% had HFPEF and 55.6% had HFREF. Chlorthalidone reduced the risk of HFPEF compared with amlodipine, lisinopril, or doxazosin; the hazard ratios were 0.69 (95% confidence interval CI, 0.53 to 0.91; P=0.009), 0.74 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.97; P=0.032), and 0.53 (95% CI, 0.38 to 0.73; P<0.001), respectively. Chlorthalidone reduced the risk of HFREF compared with amlodipine or doxazosin; the hazard ratios were 0.74 (95% CI, 0.59 to 0.94; P=0.013) and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.47 to 0.79; P<0.001), respectively. Chlorthalidone was similar to lisinopril with regard to incidence of HFREF (hazard ratio, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.40; P=0.596). After HF onset, death occurred in 29.2% of participants (chlorthalidone/amlodipine/lisinopril) with new-onset HFPEF versus 41.9% in those with HFREF (P<0.001; median follow-up, 1.74 years); and in the chlorthalidone/doxazosin comparison that was terminated early, 20.0% of HFPEF and 26.0% of HFREF patients died (P=0.185; median follow-up, 1.55 years).
In ALLHAT, with adjudicated outcomes, chlorthalidone significantly reduced the occurrence of new-onset hospitalized HFPEF and HFREF compared with amlodipine and doxazosin. Chlorthalidone also reduced the incidence of new-onset HFPEF compared with lisinopril. Among high-risk hypertensive men and women, HFPEF has a better prognosis than HFREF.
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