A prototype of the trigger and digital processing electronics for the electromagnetic calorimeter of the CMS experiment, coupled to a prototype of the PbWO
4 crystal calorimeter, was tested during ...summer 1996 in the H4 beamline at the CERN SPS. A very successful operation was achieved for this system, which runs in synchronous and pipelined mode at the LHC clock frequency, and performs the basic trigger and data acquisition functions needed in the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter. The performance of the trigger front-end electronics is well within the established requirements: a highly efficient bunch-crossing identification (>99.9%), a good trigger-energy resolution (
σ/E∼9%/
E
⊕2%
) and a highly efficient electron cluster shape identification (∼99%) have been achieved. The FERMI digitising system based on a dynamic analog compressor and a sampling ADC showed a very good performance, in particular the energy resolution for 150
GeV electrons was 0.54%, equal to the resolution obtained with a conventional charge integration ADC system.
In this article, our concern is the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer from a computeraided detection point of view in order to help physicians in their diagnosis during the gold standard ...examination: optical video colonoscopy. Since many years, some methods and materials have been developed to reduce the polyp miss rate and to improve detection capabilities. Nevertheless, the real challenge lies in the real-time use of these methods. In this context, more precisely, we focus our attention on the hardware implementation of a previous method we recently introduced in the literature for real-time detection of colorectal polyps, lesions that may degenerate into cancer. This implementation is subject to three performance criteria: real-time processing capabilities, detection rate and necessary computational resources. Six different platforms were tested and compared. If we noticed that only workstation computers are able to perform the detection with a good tradeoff between the three aforementioned criteria, possibilities of architecture optimizations are also identified and discussed in order to achieve real-time performance on platforms with low available computational resources like Raspberry Pi for instance. This latter issue is of major importance for possible integration of the detection algorithm inside smallconnected object like videocapsule, a promising alternative to standard colonoscopy.
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