At the time of weaning, major quantitative and qualitative changes occur in the composition of the intestinal microbiota of piglets, influenced by diet, environmental factors, and the host. Within a ...short period of time, the intestinal microbiota must ultimately develop from a simple, unstable community into a complex and stable one. Here we present data on the development of the intestinal microbiota based on 16S rRNA gene sequence diversity. In addition to a PCR-based analysis of the 16S rRNA gene by cloning and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), data on fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) are presented to quantify the total bacterial communities, major Lactobacillus populations and specific Lactobacillus species. The results reported here indicate that the addition of non-digestible, fermentable carbohydrates (= prebiotics) leads to an enrichment of lactobacilli in the small intestine, and increased stability and diversity of the bacterial community in the colon. The data support the hypothesis that changes of the diet can modulate the composition of the microbiota in the intestine. These findings may have potentially major implications for the development of dietary strategies aiming to improve animal health during the weaning process.
Introduction L’activité physique (AP) régulière effectuée à une intensité correspondant au débit maximal d’oxydation lipidique (LIPOXmax) semble efficace sur la diminution de la masse grasse. Mais ...l’efficacité supérieure d’une AP au LIPOXmax par rapport à un autre type d’AP reste à démontrer. L’objectif de notre travail est de comparer l’efficacité de trois programmes d’AP de 5 mois sur la composition corporelle mesurée par DEXA, la faisabilité en population, l’observance. Patients et méthodes 136 femmes de 20 à 40 ans, non diabétique, IMC compris entre 27 et 40 kg/m2 , randomisées en trois groupes : 1) LIPOXmax, 1 h 4x/semaine sur cycloergomètre. 2) 60 % du VO2max, 35 min 4x/semaine sur cycloergomètre (durée ajustée pour 1) et 2), même dépense énergétique). Bras 3 : AP à domicile selon les RBPC (30 minutes/jour minimum, intensité modérée). Alimentation équilibrée supplémentée en fruits et légumes dans les trois bras. Durée 5 mois. Observations Inclusion (M0): 136 personnes, âge moyen 30,1 ans, poids 86,6 kg, taille 161,5 cm, IMC 33,3 kg/m2 , masse grasse 39,9 kg, 47,2 % de la masse totale. Faisabilité : 83,1 % et 80,9 % des sujets ont été revus à M3 et à M5. Discussion Les analyses en cours sur les trois groupes permettront d’individualiser la prescription d’une AP régulière. Les retombées attendues sont : a) la mise en place d’une AP régulière, individualisée, prescrite et contrôlée. b) la démonstration de l’intérêt et de la possibilité de supplémenter en F&L l’alimentation des réunionnais, et la facilitation de l’observance de cette consommation lorsqu’il n’y a pas de barrière financière. c) la mise en place d’un programme de prévention pérenne.
Objectif La Réunion est caractérisée par une forte prévalence de surpoids maternel (37 % des femmes enceintes), de diabète gestationnel (7,5 %) et de surpoids chez l’enfant (11,5 % à 5–6 ans). ...L’exposition intra-utérine au diabète maternel exposerait l’enfant à un risque accru de surpoids et d’obésité. Les données concernant le diabète gestationnel sont toutefois encore peu nombreuses et contradictoires. L’objectif de l’étude est donc d’étudier, dans le contexte réunionnais, le lien entre diabète gestationnel et surcharge pondérale chez l’enfant de 5–7 ans, en comparant un groupe d’enfants exposés au DG (n = 634) et un groupe d’enfants non exposés (n = 617). Matériels et méthodes Une enquête à domicile a été réalisée par des diététiciennes en 2008–2010, comprenant une mesure du poids, de la taille, du tour de taille de l’enfant et de sa mère, un relevé du poids et de la taille d’après le carnet de santé à 9 mois, 2 ans et 4 ans, une enquête alimentaire chez l’enfant, un questionnaire portant sur l’activité physique et la sédentarité de l’enfant, la santé de l’enfant et de sa mère et les caractéristiques sociodémographiques de la famille. Le surpoids est défini selon les seuils d’IMC fixés par l’IOTF pour l’âge et le sexe. Résultats Les enfants exposés au DG ont un risque plus élevé d’être en surpoids ou obèses (IMC = IOTF25) à l’âge de 5–7 ans (OR 2,17, IC95 % 1,62–2,89) mais ce risque est plus élevé chez les garçons (OR 3,06, IC95 % 2,01–4,63) que chez les filles (OR 1,52, IC95 % 1,01–2,28). En ajustant sur les facteurs de confusion connus et/ou identifiés dans l’étude, le lien entre DG et surcharge pondérale de l’enfant à 5–7 ans persiste chez les garçons (OR 2,40, IC95 % 1,49–3,87) mais pas chez les filles (OR 0,99, IC95 % 0,61–1,60). Discussion Des comparaisons filles/garçons dans les 2 groupes sont réalisées afin de mieux comprendre l’origine de cette différence.
Background: Peptide methionine sulphoxide reductases catalyze the reduction of oxidized methionine residues in proteins. They are implicated in the defense of organisms against oxidative stress and ...in the regulation of processes involving peptide methionine oxidation/reduction. These enzymes are found in numerous organisms, from bacteria to mammals and plants. Their primary structure shows no significant similarity to any other known protein.
Results: The X-ray structure of the peptide methionine sulphoxide reductase from
Escherichia coli was determined at 3 Å resolution by the multiple wavelength anomalous dispersion method for the selenomethionine-substituted enzyme, and it was refined to 1.9 Å resolution for the native enzyme. The 23 kDa protein is folded into an α/β roll and contains a large proportion of coils. Among the three cysteine residues involved in the catalytic mechanism, Cys-51 is positioned at the N terminus of an α helix, in a solvent-exposed area composed of highly conserved amino acids. The two others, Cys-198 and Cys-206, are located in the C-terminal coil.
Conclusions: Sequence alignments show that the overall fold of the peptide methionine sulphoxide reductase from
E. coli is likely to be conserved in many species. The characteristics observed in the Cys-51 environment are in agreement with the expected accessibility of the active site of an enzyme that reduces methionine sulphoxides in various proteins. Cys-51 could be activated by the influence of an α helix dipole. The involvement of the two other cysteine residues in the catalytic mechanism requires a movement of the C-terminal coil. Several conserved amino acids and water molecules are discussed as potential participants in the reaction.
(TTF)Br crystallitesthat nucleate and grow on platinum particles exhibit widths that are linearly related to the diameter of the platinum particles on which they grow. Populations of long (TTF)Br ...crystallites having a predetermined width can be prepared by electrodeposition onto surfaces covered with size‐monodispersed platinum catalyst particles. The Figure shows an SEM image of a (TTF)Br nanocrystallite grown on a cluster of Pt particles.
Abstract Objective To examine time trends (study 1) and sociocultural factors associated with childhood overweight (study 2) in La Reunion Island. Design Study 1: a longitudinal analysis of ...anthropometric data available from health services in the town of Saint-Pierre. Study 2: a case – control study. Subjects Study 1: 1753 children born between 1977 and 1996. Study 2: 101 six-year old overweight children sex-matched with 101 non-overweight children. Measurements Study 1: overweight at birth (birth weight > 4 kg) and at age 4 and 6 using French references and references from the International Obesity Task Force. Study 2: parental and perinatal data, child's lifestyle and representation of food, all collected from the mother. Results Study 1: a dramatic increase in the prevalence rate of overweight at 4 and at 6 is observed, more severe in girls. Study 2: multivariate logistic regressions showed that mother's overweight was the only variable significantly associated with overweight in both the sexes. The other associated factors were related to sociocultural and family features and sedentarity. Logistic probability functions derived from these data are proposed as a tool for detection of at risk families. Conclusion Our results show the need for a targeted prevention of overweight. We offer a proposal based on education and behaviour modification in La Reunion Island.
Abstract Aim To estimate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in La Réunion island and to investigate the link with the metabolic syndrome in the non-diabetic population. Methods The ...Réunion Diabetes (REDIA) Study included a random sample of 3600 adults aged 30–69 years. Clinical proteinuria (> 200 mg/g creatinine), albuminuria (≥ 30 mg/g) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were studied in 920 subjects, 411 of whom had diabetes and 509 who did not. Their relations with the metabolic syndrome (as defined by the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines) were analyzed among those without diabetes. Results Age-, gender- and diabetes-standardized prevalence of CKD stage 1 or 2 (proteinuria or albuminuria with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 ) was 13.8% and, for CKD stage 3 or more (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 ), 10.7%. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) for proteinuria increased with the number of metabolic syndrome traits: 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 0.4–5.2) in non-diabetic participants with one trait compared with those with no trait, 2.0 (CI 0.6–6.6) for two traits and 4.1 (CI 1.3–12.8) for three or more; corresponding ORs for eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 were 1.9 (CI 0.8–4.5), 0.9 (CI 0.4–2.4) and 2.2 (CI 0.9–5.1), respectively. Clustering of either high blood pressure and triglyceride levels, or high triglycerides and plasma glucose, or all three, conferred the strongest associations with both clinical proteinuria and low eGFR. Conclusions CKD prevalence is high in La Réunion island population, and the metabolic syndrome may help to target early diagnosis of CKD in non-diabetic individuals.
Aligned metal nanoparticles are connected using a second metal to produce bimetallic wires. The nanoparticles are electrodeposited along the step edges of a highly oriented graphite surface and, ...after being given a protective coating, joined by long nanowires which are also electrodeposited. Beaded structures are produced, such as the nickel/molybdenum oxide wire shown the Figure.
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