The influence of internal and external defects in graphene on the capacitance of the graphene/electrolyte interface was explored using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Aqueous solutions ...and ionic liquids were considered as electrolyte. The results indicate that in aqueous solutions the intrinsic defects, such as mono- and divacancies, enhance the integral capacitance more effectively than external ones, such as nitrogen impurity and oxygen functional groups, used in practice. On the other hand, the strategy of increasing the integral capacitance by creating defects in graphene is ineffective for ionic liquids with an electrochemical window larger than 2 V.
To predict and prevent emergencies resulting from dangerous ice phenomena (ice blocks, insufficient ice cover capacity, and ice jams), information on the structure and thickness of river ice cover is ...required. Currently, the ground penetrating radar (GPR) method is used for operative research of ice cover condition on long river sections during the freeze-up period. This letter presents the materials of interpretation of the GPR studies of the ice cover structure of the Lena River in the vicinity of Yakutsk. Analysis of the parameters of radargram wave patterns (fragmentation, subhorizontal, broken, continuity of reflected wave events, and amplitude and phase of reflected waves) allowed us to determine the main types of ice structure, such as monolithic ice, fast ice, and hummocky ice. Statistical evaluation of the variation of reflected wave amplitudes from the ice cover allowed us to reveal the nature of the homogeneity of the set of amplitude values depending on the ice structure. As a result, an algorithm for processing and interpreting large volumes of airborne GPR data was developed, making it possible to make a reliable assessment of the thickness and structure of river ice cover, as well as to map the spatial distribution of its heterogeneities in the river channel. The information obtained about the state of river ice cover can be used for engineering-geophysical surveys, operation of ice crossings, and substantiation of decisions on the application of preventive measures to destroy thick ice in the jam-prone river sections in order to safely pass the spring flood waters.
Motivated by their frequent use in quantum mechanical studies of entanglement, we give a brief overview of Schmidt modes and Schmidt decompositions of two-particle wave functions. We discuss methods ...of their derivation and include a little-known approach used in the original work by E. Schmidt Math. Annalen, 63 (1906), 433. This employs the bipartite wave function itself rather than the more complicated two-party reduced density matrix. As an illustration, Schmidt modes for two-photon polarisation qutrits are derived in a general form. The derivation is accompanied by a series of simple examples with special choices of parameters. Relationships between Schmidt modes, polarisation Stokes vectors and entanglement are also discussed.
A quantitative theory of attosecond pulse generation in relativistically driven overdense plasma slabs is presented based on an explicit analysis of synchrotron-type electron trajectories. The ...subcycle, field-controlled release, and subsequent nanometer-scale acceleration of relativistic electron bunches under the combined action of the laser and ionic potentials give rise to coherent radiation with a high-frequency cutoff, intensity, and radiation pattern explained in terms of the basic laws of synchrotron radiation. The emerging radiation is confined to time intervals much shorter than the half-cycle of the driver field. This intuitive approach will be instrumental in analyzing and optimizing few-cycle-laser-driven relativistic sources of intense isolated extreme ultraviolet and x-ray pulses.
The stereocilia rootlet is a key structure in vertebrate hair cells, anchoring stereocilia firmly into the cell's cuticular plate and protecting them from overstimulation. Using superresolution ...microscopy, we show that the ankyrin-repeat protein ANKRD24 concentrates at the stereocilia insertion point, forming a ring at the junction between the lower and upper rootlets. Annular ANKRD24 continues into the lower rootlet, where it surrounds and binds TRIOBP-5, which itself bundles rootlet F-actin. TRIOBP-5 is mislocalized in Ankrd24KO/KO hair cells, and ANKRD24 no longer localizes with rootlets in mice lacking TRIOBP-5; exogenous DsRed-TRIOBP-5 restores endogenous ANKRD24 to rootlets in these mice. Ankrd24KO/KO mice show progressive hearing loss and diminished recovery of auditory function after noise damage, as well as increased susceptibility to overstimulation of the hair bundle. We propose that ANKRD24 bridges the apical plasma membrane with the lower rootlet, maintaining a normal distribution of TRIOBP-5. Together with TRIOBP-5, ANKRD24 organizes rootlets to enable hearing with long-term resilience.
The effects of TiB
2
and BN coatings on the thermal and stress–strain state of two systems of Si
3
N
4
–TiC ceramic surface layers under the action of heat flow are investigated. An analysis of ...results from numerical experiments showed that the TiB
2
coating has a more favorable effect on the stress state of ceramic surface layer; the BN coating, on the stress state of the boundary with the ceramic.
Peculiarities of the effects of TiB
2
and BN coatings on the deformation and stress state of the surface layer of Sn
3
N
4
–TiC ceramics under the influence of force loading were studied. The BN ...coating was found to have a more favorable effect on the stress-strain state of the ceramic structural elements than the TiB
2
coating. The effects of the TiB
2
and BN coatings on the stress state of the interface between the coating and ceramic was not so unambiguous. Three coefficients were in favor of each coating.
PDF
