As a part of bovine tuberculosis eradication strategy, the Welsh Government has proposed a badger cull in a defined area in and around North Pembrokeshire, and has published information on herd ...densities and incidence levels within and close to the area. In the present study, three sets of previously published data relating the impact of badger culling inside and around previous culling areas to distances from culling area boundaries have been used to model possible impacts of the proposed cull, taking account of three possible scenarios in which geographic boundaries reduce, to varying extents, adverse effects caused by increased badger movements. For the scenarios considered, the results predict average changes in confirmed herd incidences (CHIs) in the range -15.7 (-29.1 to 1.6 per cent) to -25.3 per cent (-52.2 to 46.1 per cent) over a period of 10 years, comprising average changes in the culling area in the range -26.1 (-34.8 to -14.8 per cent) to -32.6 per cent (-59.6 to 47.6 per cent), and average changes on adjoining land in the range 4.5 (-21.8 to 39.8 per cent) to 7.8 per cent (-16.1 to 38.5 per cent). The overall impacts equate to average reductions in the number of CHIs of between 122 (37 to 187) and 158 (-254 to 304).
A fluidised bed combustion process was developed for the treatment of thermoset composites in the form of process scrap or end-of-life components. The process was shown to be robust, coping with ...contaminated scrap of variable composition and providing useful outputs in the form of recovered fibres, particulate materials and heat. Comminuted feeds were decomposed at a bed temperature of 450°C and a fluidising velocity of 1.3 m/s. Fibres with mean lengths of up to 5 mm were collected at purities of up to 80% by using a novel rotating sieve separator. Shorter fibres were collected with the particulate mineral fillers. The tensile strength of recovered E-glass fibres was reduced by up to 50% although this depended on the thermal history within the process. Fibre modulus was relatively unaffected by the exposure to high temperatures. Recovered fibres were successfully reused in DMC formulations and veil products. A simple economic model suggests that the process would break even at a throughput of approximately 9000 tonnes scrap composite per year.
Neo-tAnGo, a National Cancer Research Network (NCRN) multicentre randomised neoadjuvant chemotherapy trial in early breast cancer, enroled 831 patients in the United Kingdom. We report a central ...review of post-chemotherapy histopathology reports on the surgical specimens, to assess the presence and degree of response.
A central independent two-reader review (EP and HME) of histopathology reports from post-treatment surgical specimens was performed. The quality and completeness of pathology reporting across all centres was assessed. The reviews included pathological response to chemotherapy (pathological complete response (pCR); minimal residual disease (MRD); and lesser degrees of response), laterality, the number of axillary metastases and axillary nodes, and the type of surgery. A consensus was reached after discussion.
In all, 825 surgical reports from 816 patients were available for review. Out of 4125 data items there were 347 discrepant results (8.4% of classifications), which involved 281 patients. These involved grading of breast response (169 but only 9 involving pCR vs MRD); laterality (6); presence of axillary metastasis (35); lymph node counts (108); and type of axillary surgery (29). Excluding cases with pCR, only 45% of reports included any comment regarding response in the breast and 30% in the axillary lymph nodes.
We found considerable variability in the completeness of reporting of surgical specimens within this national neoadjuvant breast cancer trial. This highlights the need for consensus guidelines among trial groups on histopathology reporting, and the participation of histopathologists throughout the development and analysis of neoadjuvant trials.
Wetting of nanoparticles and nanoparticle arrays Powell, C.; Fenwick, N.; Bresme, F. ...
Colloids and surfaces. A, Physicochemical and engineering aspects,
07/2002, Letnik:
206, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We report investigations of nanoparticulate wetting carried out using molecular dynamics simulations. Despite their small size, model ‘Lennard–Jones’ nanoparticles in simple Lennard–Jones solvents ...exhibit well defined contact angles, which for high surface tension interfaces have been shown to obey Young's equation with surprising accuracy. In this paper we present new results for fully molecular models of nanoparticles at a water surface, where again well-defined contact angles are evident. Pressure area curves obtained in Langmuir trough experiments on (nano) particulates have been used in the past to determine contact angles. We have recently demonstrated by molecular dynamics and theory that, contrary to expectations, the collapse pressure measured in this experiment should be independent of contact angle and that the initial collapse mode is by surface buckling. We present new molecular dynamics results for arrays of nanoparticles with a contact angle of 72° at a liquid–vapour interface which confirm our earlier work and offer more information on the details of the structure of collapsed nanoparticle arrays.
This paper describes a new fluidised bed process for recovering reinforcing fibres from scrap thermoset composites. Glass fibres recovered from scrap sheet moulding compound at 450°C using this ...process have a strength reduced to about half that of virgin fibre. These fibres have been used as partial and full replacement for virgin fibres in a dough moulding compound (DMC). The main physical properties of plaques moulded with the experimental DMCs have been measured. Flexural and Young's moduli are unaffected by the level of reclaimed fibre used. Flexural and tensile strength are reduced when over 50% of the virgin reinforcement is replaced by fibres recovered at 450°C.
Abstract
Glass fiber reinforced composites can be recycled by combustion of the polymer in a fluidized bed and reclamation of the reinforcement. The effect of heat on the reinforcing properties of ...glass fibers was studied by measuring the strength of a composite incorporating heat cleaned glass cloth. This work was then extended by measuring the tensile strength of single fibers. An initial study of the residual strength of fibers processed in a fluidized bed was also undertaken by measuring the tensile strength of fibers recovered at two temperatures. It is concluded that low bed temperatures and short bed residence times are required to maximize the strength of the recovered fibers.
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