Factors Affecting Wetland Loss: A Review Ballut-Dajud, Gastón Antonio; Sandoval Herazo, Luis Carlos; Fernández-Lambert, Gregorio ...
Land (Basel),
03/2022, Letnik:
11, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Despite occupying an area no greater than 8% of the earth’s surface, natural wetland ecosystems fulfill multiple ecological functions: 1. Soil formation and stabilization support, 2. Food, water, and ...plant biomass supply, 3. Cultural/recreational services, landscape, and ecological tourism, 4. Climate regulation, and 5. Carbon sequestration; with the last one being its most important function. They are subject to direct and indirect incident factors that affect plant productivity and the sequestration of carbon from the soil. Thus, the objective of this review was to identify the incident factors in the loss of area and carbon sequestration in marine, coastal, and continental wetlands that have had an impact on climate change in the last 14 years, globally. The methodology consisted of conducting a literature review in international databases, analyzing a sample of 134 research studies from 37 countries, organized in tables and figures supported by descriptive statistics and content analysis. Global results indicate that agriculture (25%), urbanization (16.8%), aquaculture (10.7%), and industry (7.6%) are incident factors that promote wetlands effective loss affecting continental wetlands more than coastal and marine ones. Regarding carbon sequestration, this is reduced by vegetation loss since GHG emissions raise because the soil is exposed to sun rays, increasing surface temperature and oxidation, and raising organic matter decomposition and the eutrophication phenomenon caused by the previous incident factors that generate wastewater rich in nutrients in their different activities, thus creating biomass and plant growth imbalances, either at the foliage or root levels and altering the accumulation of organic matter and carbon. It is possible to affirm in conclusion that the most affected types of wetlands are: mangroves (25.7%), lagoons (19.11%), and marine waters (11.7%). Furthermore, it was identified that agriculture has a greater incidence in the loss of wetlands, followed by urbanization and industry in a lower percentage.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficiency of horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetlands (HSSFWs) planted with Hippeastrum striatum and Heliconia lastisphata for the treatment of ...contaminated river waters by wastewater from the dairy industry (WDI) and domestic wastewater in tropical climates over a study period of 136 days. Cell with a real volume of 780,000 mL and a flow rate of 1.805 mL s−1. The hydraulic retention time was determined to be 5 days. 12 individuals of Hippeastrum striatum were planted at a distance of 20 cm from each other in one cell, while in another cell, 12 individuals of Heliconia spp. were planted. An adaptation period was determined for both species. Subsequently, the experiment was started, and the elimination percentages obtained were as follows: COD: 67.94 ± 1.39%, 63.17 ± 2.63%; TSS: 56.49 ± 5.73%, 48.78 ± 5.87%; N-NH4: 51.06 ± 2.16%, 50.80 ± 1.91%; TN: 44.36 ± 5.73%, 30.59 ± 5.87%; TP: 47.00 ± 5.32%, 35.57 ± 4.06%; DO: 50.23 ± 1.61%, 47.74 ± 1.34%; and pH: 6.81 ± 0.07, 6.52 ± 0.1, for Heliconia lastisphata and Hippeastrum striatum, respectively. These results demonstrate that both macrophyte species can be used for the treatment of wastewater from the dairy industry using HSSFWs; cheese factories could be involved in the development of constructed wetland systems to reduce the environmental impact of the industry.
Purpose: This article harmonizes the causal diagram with the objective tree to evaluate service quality and to identify action strategies that improve the quality of service in the hotel ...industry.Design/methodology/approach: In stage I, we obtained the quality perception records of 127 historical costumers, and 384 questionnaires. Subsequently, a causal diagram was generated in stage II. And finally, the above-mentioned strategies were created. The Causal Diagram clarifies the relationship between customer complaints and company weaknesses.Findings: The goal tree makes it possible to categorize these strategies according to target levels.Research limitations/implications: Costumers' opinions could generate biases in their responses. Future studies must consider other methods, such as Fuzzy Logic to reduce this bias.Practical and social implications: This study approach can be replicated in other industrial sectors and is particularly useful for defining improvement plans related to service quality.Originality/value: The integration of these tools will allow managers to better understand the experiences reported by guests because it allows understanding of the behaviors between the variables that influence the quality of service and the variables under the tangible elements of the service.
Plastic pollution is an alarming issue; it is a phenomenon that, in addition to altering health, is capable of generating damage to the environment. It is estimated that only 8% of plastics are ...recycled and that 76% end up in landfill sites or are indiscriminately disposed of into the environment. “Single-use” plastics contribute the most to the generation of pollution due their short “life cycle” since after their useful life, they are discarded. Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), one of the plastics with the greatest use as a packaging material, has a complicated recycling process due to its volume and weight characteristics. Based on the above, following the Circular Economy model, the optimal development of an adhesive for the cut-sole union is addressed through the analysis by classified attributes using an orthogonal array L9(3)4 of Taguchi. Of the factors under study, it was determined that the “adhesive formulation” is the factor that statistically significantly influences the degree of adhesion of the cut-sole, followed by the “type of sole”. The adhesive with post-consumer EPS is viable and contributes to minimizing the environmental pollution footprint as a strategy toward sustainability.
This research used a model with fuzzy measurement on 132 surveys to assess the social acceptance of the wind industry in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec-Mexico. This study uses diffuse analysis in a ...region where people are difficult to interview due to cultural barriers. The results were categorized globally and internally in environmental, economic, and social impacts. The results demonstrate the rejection of the inhabitants by the installation of wind farms in their region. There is a lack of information, poor transparency, and involvement of communities within the decision-making processes, and it seems that the only beneficiaries are the farmers who rent their land for the installation of the wind turbines. Mexico has to develop a guidelines framework to improve wind energy development, according to the best international practices.
•Wind power public opinions were tested using fuzzy logic.•Wind power impacts were ranked in decreasing order.•Wind energy practices are not according to international forms.•Key areas of improvements in existing practices are identified.
Constructed wetlands (CWs) are sustainable technologies where the channels are filled with porous material and plants, which collectively remove pollutants, depending on the type of substrate and ...vegetation. This study evaluated CWs and their functionality by comparing three ornamental plants (Canna indica, Cyperus papyrus, and Hedychium coronarium) as a phytoremediation process of wastewater, in CWs filled with layers of porous stone–tepezil–plastic residues–soil (S-A), or in microcosms with layers of porous stone–tepezil–soil without the presence of plastic (S-B). The findings during 180 days showed that the removals of pollutants (chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids suspended (TSS), nitrogen as ammonium (N-NH4), as nitrate (N-NO3), and phosphate (P-PO4) were 20%–60% higher in microcosms with plants than in the absence of plants. Statistical differences were not observed when comparing removal effects among S-A and S-B, indicating that plastic residues as filter material in CWs did not affect the pollutant removal, growth, flowering, and shoots of plants. The use of plastic residues as filter may represent a less costly alternative in CW establishments. Dependence on N-NH4 and TSS removal was observed according to plant species. The three species used are suitable for using in CWs as wastewater treatment. In addition, the ornamental plants could generate interest for a commercial option.
•A methodology to find a functional packing design for Persian lime is proposed.•Hierarchy of functional requirements for Persian lime packing design through AHP.•Solving of a mathematical model ...multi-objective for fruit packing design with GA.•Solution of contradictions in packing design supported by TRIZ.
This article proposes a novel approach that uses a mathematical model optimized by Genetic Algorithms harmonized with the Russian theory of problem solving and invention (TRIZ) to design an export packing of Persian Lime. The mathematical model (with functional elements of non-spatial type) optimizes the spaces of the Persian Lime Packing, maximizes the Resistance to Vertical Compression and minimizes the Amount of Material Used, according to the operation restrictions of the packing during the transport of the merchandise. This approach is developed in four phases: the identification of the solution space; the optimization of the conceptual design; the application of TRIZ; and the generation of the final proposal solution. The results show the proposed packing (with 28% less cardboard) supports at least the same vertical load with respect to the nearest competitor packing. However, with the same number of packings per pallet and pallets per container, the space used by the packing assembled and deployed in the container is greater by 10% and 38% respectively. Besides, TRIZ includes innovative non-spatial elements such as the airflow and the friction of the product inside the packing. The contribution of this approach can be replicable for the packing design of other horticultural products of the agri-food chain.
Studies in Asia, Europe, Central America, South America, and a few studies in Mexico related to backyard production, report the type of crops and benefit of the harvest for the producer through ...individual efforts. These studies, however, leave a gap in how these producers integrate collaboratively to have their products reach their customers. The objective of this research was to describe the configuration of economic agents involved in backyard farming in the intermunicipal region of Misantla, Mexico. Data was collected by means of an interview with 96 families, using a snowball strategy to reach a total of 254 families. However, 27 of them reported not engaging in backyard activities. As a result, the study was carried out with 227 farm families through an in-person structured survey. Findings show that backyard farming and livestock production in 70% of the families in this region of study is mainly for their own consumption, whereas production surplus is typically used as an additional income. Those involved in this production are identified as seed and farming tool
providers
;
backyard producers
, and
customers-consumers
, all of which participate in 4 short-cycle supply chains with a fragile intermediation. These supply chains are the channel for fresh food to the food networks of local economies. These local food networks can help enhance food innocuity, traceability and commercial efficiency for backyard farmers.
Vinasse is a toxic pollutant if it is poured into the ecosystem indiscriminately; despite this, it integrates components that make it valuable in nutrients and water. However, its use has been ...questioned due to the costs involved in its purification. This systematic review focuses on the valorization of vinasse from the studies performed for its post-industrial use. Trends in vinasse management and bioproduct development were analyzed. The PRISMA statement was used as a formal guide for collecting and analyzing 131 studies from 2018 to 2022. We determined that biological processes are the most used to obtain the benefits of vinasse, obtaining up to three post-industrial bioproducts. While it is true that there is a predominant trend of studies focused on the generation of biofuels, it must be noted that the beginning of the sucro-alcohol chain was the agricultural field. In this sense, we determine that 14% of the studies treat vinasse for agricultural reuse purposes, so, under Circular Economy principles, the reincorporation of vinasse into the agricultural field to take advantage of its goodness in nutrients and minerals as a sustainable and eco-efficient alternative should be a research trend that accelerates the consumption of vinasse generated in alcohol distilleries.
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