Abstract
This paper reports the latest developments for the photogrammetric open‐source tool called
GRAPHOS
(inte
GRA
ted
PHO
togrammetric Suite).
GRAPHOS
includes some recent innovations in the ...image‐based 3D reconstruction pipeline, from automatic feature detection/description and network orientation to dense image matching and quality control.
GRAPHOS
also has a strong educational component beyond its automated processing functions, reinforced with tutorials and didactic explanations about algorithms and performance. The paper highlights recent developments carried out at different levels: graphical user interface (
GUI
), didactic simulators for image processing, photogrammetric processing with weight parameters, dataset creation and system evaluation.
Résumé
La photogrammétrie est actuellement confrontée à des défis et des changements liés principalement à l'automatisation, au traitement et à la variété des applications. Cet article présente un outil photogrammétrique à source ouverte appelé
GRAPHOS
(inte
GRA
ted
PHO
togrammetric Suite) destiné à la communauté scientifique pour la restitution 3D dans des applications rapprochées. Il englobe des algorithmes photogrammétriques et de vision par ordinateur avec les objectifs suivants: (i) accroître l'automatisation, permettant d'obtenir des nuages denses de points 3D grâce à une interface conviviale; (ii) accroître la flexibilité en travaillant avec tout type d'image, de scénario et de caméra; (iii) améliorer la qualité, garantissant une haute précision et une haute résolution; (iv) préserver la fiabilité photogrammétrique et la répétabilité. Enfin et ce n'est pas le moins important,
GRAPHOS
dispose également d'une composante éducative qui va au‐delà des solutions les plus courantes pour le traitement d'images et la génération de nuages de points 3D, et renforcée par des simulations et des explications didactiques sur les algorithmes et leur fonctionnement. Les développements ont été réalisés à différents niveaux: réalisation d'interface utilisateur graphique (
GUI
), simulateurs didactiques pour le traitement d'images, traitement photogrammétrique avec paramètres avancés, création d'un jeu de données public et contrôle de la qualité des résultats.
Zusammenfassung
Die Photogrammetrie steht derzeit vor einigen Herausforderungen und Veränderungen, die sich hauptsächlich auf Automatisierung, ubiquitäre Verarbeitung und vielfältige Anwendungen beziehen. Durch dieses Papier wurde ein photogrammetrisches Open‐Source‐Tool namens
GRAPHOS
(inte
GRA
ted PHOtogrammetric Suite) entwickelt, um die bildbasierte Verarbeitung von 2D‐ zu 3D‐Daten in Nahbereichsanwendungen für die Scientific Community zu öffnen. Es umfasst robuste photogrammetrische und Computer‐Vision‐Algorithmen mit den folgenden Zielen: (i) Erhöhung der Automatisierung, so dass dichte 3D‐Punktwolken durch eine freundliche und einfach zu bedienende Benutzeroberfläche erhalten werden; (ii) Erhöhung der Flexibilität, um mit jeglichen Arten von Bildern, Szenarien und Kameras arbeiten zu können; (iii) Verbesserung der Qualität und Gewährleistung hoher Genauigkeit und Auflösung; (iv) Sicherstellung der photogrammetrische Zuverlässigkeit und Wiederholbarkeit. Nicht zuletzt hat
GRAPHOS
auch eine pädagogische Komponente jenseits der gängigsten Black‐Box‐Lösungen für die 3D‐Bildverarbeitung und Punktwolkenerzeugung, verstärkt mit einigen Simulatoren und didaktischen Erklärungen zu Algorithmen und deren Performance. Die Entwicklungen wurden auf verschiedenen Ebenen durchgeführt: grafische Benutzeroberfläche (
GUI
), didaktische Simulatoren für die Bildverarbeitung, photogrammetrische Verarbeitung mit Gewichtsparametern, Erstellung von Datensätzen und Systemauswertung.
Resumen
Este artículo presenta los últimos desarrollos de la herramienta fotogramétrica de código abierto llamada
GRAPHOS
(inte
GRA
ted
PHO
togrammetric Suite).
GRAPHOS
incluye algunas innovaciones recientes en el proceso de generación 3D basada en imágenes, desde los detectores/descriptores de características automáticos y la orientación de la red fotogramétrica a herramientas de correspondencia densa y de control de calidad.
GRAPHOS
tiene también un componente educativo que va más allá de las soluciones habituales para el procesamiento automático, reforzado con tutoriales y explicaciones didácticas sobre los algoritmos y su funcionamiento. Se destacan los desarrollos llevados a cabo en diferentes niveles: interfaz gráfico de usuario (
GUI
), simuladores didácticos para el procesamiento de imágenes, procesamiento fotogramétrico con parámetros avanzados, creación de un conjunto de datos y evaluación de los resultados.
摘要
本文描述了一个名为
GRAPHOS
(嵌入式摄影测量组件) 的开源摄影测量工具的最新进展。
GRAPHOS
包含了基于影像进行三维重建的若干技术革新, 如自动特征提取与特征描述、影像网络定向、密集匹配、以及质量控制。除了其自动化的处理功能外,
GRAPHOS
还具备强大的教学功能, 包括辅导材料、算法与性能的细致解释等。本文着重描述了其各个层面的最新发展: 包括图形用户界面、用于图像处理的教学仿真器、具有权重参数的摄影测量处理, 数据集创建和系统评估。
Kidney involvement in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is common, and can range from the presence of proteinuria and haematuria to acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal ...replacement therapy (RRT; also known as kidney replacement therapy). COVID-19-associated AKI (COVID-19 AKI) is associated with high mortality and serves as an independent risk factor for all-cause in-hospital death in patients with COVID-19. The pathophysiology and mechanisms of AKI in patients with COVID-19 have not been fully elucidated and seem to be multifactorial, in keeping with the pathophysiology of AKI in other patients who are critically ill. Little is known about the prevention and management of COVID-19 AKI. The emergence of regional 'surges' in COVID-19 cases can limit hospital resources, including dialysis availability and supplies; thus, careful daily assessment of available resources is needed. In this Consensus Statement, the Acute Disease Quality Initiative provides recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and management of COVID-19 AKI based on current literature. We also make recommendations for areas of future research, which are aimed at improving understanding of the underlying processes and improving outcomes for patients with COVID-19 AKI.
Summary
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a poster child for the understanding of receptor behaviour, and of paramount importance to cell function and human health. Cloned almost forty ...years ago, the interest in EGFR's structure/function relationships remains unabated, not least because changes in oncogenic EGFR mutants are key drivers of the formation of lung and brain tumours. The structure of the assemblies formed by EGFR have been comprehensibly investigated by techniques such as high‐resolution X‐ray crystallography, NMR and all‐atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However, the complexity embedded in the portfolio of EGFR states that are only possible in the physiological environment of cells has often proved refractory to cell‐free structural methods. Conversely, some key inroads made by quantitative fluorescence microscopy and super‐resolution have depended on exploiting the wealth of structures available. Here, a brief personal perspective is provided on how quantitative fluorescence microscopy and super‐resolution methods have cross‐fertilised with cell‐free‐derived EGFR structural information. I primarily discuss areas in which my research group has made a contribution to fill gaps in EGFR's cellular structural biology and towards developing new tools to investigate macromolecular assemblies in cells.
Cette recherche porte sur l’évolution des tracés du dessin de l’arbre (DA) au cours du temps chez 30 patientes atteintes de cancer du sein, de l’annonce diagnostique à la fin des traitements. Les ...patientes ont été réparties en deux groupes : le premier est composé de femmes ayant reçu de la chimiothérapie, le second de femmes n’ayant pas reçu de chimiothérapie. Les résultats mettent en évidence que les constellations de tracés au test de l’arbre n’évoluent pas au cours du temps, mais en fonction de la présence/absence de chimiothérapie. Les profils psychologiques des patientes restent stables entre l’annonce diagnostique et un délai de six mois après la fin des traitements. L’arbre dessiné semble en revanche porter les stigmates des traitements subis.
The research focuses on the evolution of tree design patterns over time in 30 patients with breast cancer, from the diagnosis announcement to the end of treatments. Patients were divided into two groups: the first group is composed of women who had received chemotherapy and the second group with women who had not received chemotherapy. The results show that the constellations of the tree test plots do not change over time but according to the presence/absence of chemotherapy. The psychological profiles of the patients remain stable from the diagnosis announcement to 6 months after the end of the treatments. On the other hand, the drawn tree seems to bear the marks of the treatments undergone.
Inflammation and type 2 diabetes Calle, M.C; Fernandez, M.L
Diabetes & metabolism,
06/2012, Letnik:
38, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract Low-grade inflammation is a common feature in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Heart disease, the metabolic syndrome and T2D all have in common the increased concentration of circulatory ...cytokines as a result of inflammation. Inflammatory cytokines are produced by different cell types and secreted into the circulation, where they regulate different tissues through their local, central and peripheral actions. This review focuses on C-reactive protein (CRP), a well-established marker of the development of inflammation, on tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, an inflammatory marker strongly associated with diabetes, and on adiponectin, a cytokine produced by adipose tissue and associated with insulin sensitivity. While it is clear from the literature that these cytokines play a major role in the development of T2D or, in the case of adiponectin, its prevention, the best strategy for favourably altering the inflammatory response is still a matter of debate.
In this paper we provide a review and overview of a series of works generated in our laboratory over the last 5 years. These works have described the development and evolution of a new paradigm for ...exchange bias in polycrystalline thin films with grain sizes in the range 5–15
nm. We have shown that the individual grains in the antiferromagnetic (AF) layer of exchange bias systems contain a single AF domain and reverse over an energy barrier which is grain volume dependent. We show that the AF grains are not coupled to each other and behave independently. Understanding this process and using designed measurement protocols has enabled us to determine unambiguously the blocking temperature distribution of the AF grains, the anisotropy constant (
K
AF) of the AF, understand the AF grain-setting process, and predict its magnetic viscosity. We can explain and predict the grain size and film thickness dependence of the exchange field
H
ex. We have also studied interfacial effects and shown that there are processes at the interface, which can occur independently of the bulk of the AF grains. We have seen these effects via studies of trilayers and also via the field dependence of the setting process which does not affect the blocking. From separate experiments we have shown that the disordered interfacial spins exist as spin clusters analogous to a spin glass. These clusters can order spontaneously at low temperatures or can be ordered by the setting field. We believe it is the degree of order of the interfacial spins that gives rise to the coercivity in exchange bias systems. Based on this new understanding of the behaviour of the bulk of the grains in the antiferromagnet and the interfacial spins we believe that we have now a new paradigm for the phenomenon of exchange bias in sputtered polycrystalline thin films. We emphasize that the phenomenological model does not apply to core–shell particles, epitaxial single-crystal films and large grain polycrystalline films.
Regulation of transcription is a fundamental process that allows bacteria to respond to external stimuli with appropriate timing and magnitude of response. In the soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis, ...transcriptional regulation is at the core of developmental processes needed for cell survival. Gene expression in cells transitioning from exponential phase to stationary phase is under the control of a group of transcription factors called transition state regulators (TSRs). TSRs influence numerous developmental processes including the decision between biofilm formation and motility, genetic competence, and sporulation, but the extent to which TSRs influence bacterial physiology remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate two TSRs, ScoC and AbrB, along with the MarR-family transcription factor PchR negatively regulate production of the iron chelator pulcherrimin in B. subtilis. Genetic analysis of the relationship between the three transcription factors indicate that all are necessary to limit pulcherrimin production during exponential phase and influence the rate and total amount of pulcherrimin produced. Similarly, expression of the pulcherrimin biosynthesis gene yvmC was found to be under control of ScoC, AbrB, and PchR and correlated with the amount of pulcherrimin produced by each background. Lastly, our in vitro data indicate a weak direct role for ScoC in controlling pulcherrimin production along with AbrB and PchR. The layered regulation by two distinct regulatory systems underscores the important role for pulcherrimin in B. subtilis physiology.
The increasing use of ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in different fields has raised concerns about the possible environmental risks associated with these NPs entering aquatic systems. In this study, ...using a dietary exposure route, we have analysed the tissue distribution and depuration pattern of Zn as well as any associated redox balance disturbances in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following exposure to ZnO NPs (20–30nm). Fish were fed a diet spiked with ZnO NPs prepared from a dispersion in sunflower oil at doses of 300 or 1000mg ZnO NPs/kg feed for 10days. This uptake phase was followed by a 28days depuration phase in which fish from all groups received untreated feed. While no overt signs of toxicity were observed and no important effects in fish growth (weight and length) or in the hepatosomatic index among groups were recorded, we observed high levels of Zn bioaccumulation in the gills and intestine of exposed fish following exposure to both dose levels. Zn levels were not eliminated during the depuration phase and we have evidenced oxidative stress responses in gills associated with such long term ZnO NPs bioaccumulation and lack of elimination. Furthermore, exposures to higher doses of ZnO NPs (1000mg/kg feed) resulted in Zn distribution to the liver of fish following 10days of exposure. Fish from this exposure group experienced biochemical disturbances associated with oxidative stress in the liver and ethoxy-resorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity which may point to the ability of ZnO NPs or its ions to interfere with cytochrome P450 metabolic processes.
Display omitted
•Dietary exposure to ZnO NPs; no effect on growth or in the hepatosomatic index•Zn translocation into systemic circulation and distribution to liver and gills•Bioaccumulation of high levels of Zn in the intestine and gills•Redox imbalances associated with distribution to liver and gills
The building construction industry consumes a large amount of resources and energy and, owing to current global population growth trends, this situation is projected to deteriorate in the near ...future. Buildings consume approximately 40 percent of total global energy: during the construction phase in the form of embodied energy and during the operation phase as operating energy. Embodied energy is expended in the processes of building material production (mining and manufacture), on-site delivery, construction and assembly on-site, renovation and final demolition. Recent studies have considered the significance of embodied energy inherent in building materials, with a specific focus on this fraction of sequestered energy. Current interpretations of embodied energy are quite unclear and vary greatly, and embodied energy databases suffer from problems of variation and incomparability. Furthermore, there is no reliable template, standard or protocol regarding embodied energy computations that could address these problems in embodied energy inventories. This paper focuses on the analysis of existing literature in order to identify differing parameters so that development of a consistent and comparable database can be facilitated.
Buildings consume a vast amount of energy during the life cycle stages of construction, use and demolition. Total life cycle energy use in a building consists of two components: embodied and ...operational energy. Embodied energy is expended in the processes of building material production, on-site delivery, construction, maintenance, renovation and final demolition. Operational energy is consumed in operating the buildings. Studies have revealed the growing significance of embodied energy inherent in buildings and have demonstrated its relationship to carbon emissions.
Current interpretations of embodied energy are quite unclear and vary greatly, and embodied energy databases suffer from the problems of variation and incomparability. Parameters differ and cause significant variation in reported embodied energy figures. Studies either followed the international Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) standards or did not mention compliance with any standard. Literature states that the current LCA standards fail to provide complete guidance and do not address some important issues. It also recommends developing a set of standards to streamline the embodied energy calculation process.
This paper discusses parameters causing problems in embodied energy data and identifies unresolved issues in current LCA standards. We also recommend an approach to derive guidelines that could be developed into a globally accepted protocol.
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