Since the signatures of ITER divertor Procurement Arrangements, material purchases, process qualification as well as manufacturing of full-scale prototypes have progressed. This paper provides a ...brief summary of the ITER divertor materials, the requirements for these materials, and the requirements for manufacturing and inspection of the divertor components. Experiences to be acquired through the prototype manufacturing activities are also discussed.
In order to develop and validate the high performance tungsten monoblock technology, the full-tungsten divertor qualification program was defined. As the first step, small-scale mock-ups were ...manufactured and successfully tested under the required high heat flux loads. The test results demonstrated that the technology is available in Japan and Europe. Post-tests observation of the loaded W monoblocks showed generation of self-castellation – a crack along coolant tube axis. The cause of the self-castellation was discussed and a tungsten material characterization program is being developed with the objective to understand mechanical properties that influence the occurrence of the self-castellation.
Globally, and in the United States (U.S.) specifically, rates of reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have been steadily increasing and are especially high among youth aged 13-25 years. ...Using condoms correctly and consistently is an effective STI prevention measure for sexually active youth, yet public health endeavors tend to focus only on condom use consistency. Directly measuring condom application is challenging and expensive. Alternative tools evaluate this behaviour, but little evidence exists on the appropriateness of these instruments in measuring application skills. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the association between condom application skills and self-efficacy. We conducted a search of several databases as well as unpublished works. Studies were included if they were in English, examined youth aged 13-25 years, and were available between 1992 and 2019. The authors screened 630 titles and abstracts for initial inclusion criteria. A full-text review of 30 studies was conducted. The authors included 19 studies in the systematic review and 5 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Both a fixed- and random-effects model (Q = .2321, I2 = 0%) yielded a medium-sized statistically non-significant association (r = 0.217) between skills and self-efficacy. Despite the small sample size, findings suggest that skills and self-efficacy may not be as interchangeable as previously assumed when assessing condom application. Implications for future research are discussed.
•The optimized ITER divertor design is presented.•Shaping of vertical target design was validated by 3D field line tracing calculation and thermos-mechanical analysis.•At the monoblock level, 0.5 mm ...deep toroidal bevel was implemented and a reduction of the thickness down to 6 mm was demonstrated to be acceptable.
The shaping of the ITER divertor vertical targets has been refined as a consequence of manufacturing and engineering considerations during the prototype manufacturing activities. In this paper, the optimized ITER divertor design is presented together with design validation by 3D field line tracing calculation and thermo-mechanical analysis by finite element calculations. Furthermore, the reduction of W monoblock armour thickness to 6 mm is also discussed.
•Detailed design development plan for the ITER tungsten divertor.•Latest status of the ITER tungsten divertor design.•Brief overview of qualification program for the ITER tungsten divertor and status ...of R&D activity.
In November 2011, the ITER Council has endorsed the recommendation that a period of up to 2 years be set to develop a full-tungsten divertor design and accelerate technology qualification in view of a possible decision to start operation with a divertor having a full-tungsten plasma-facing surface. To ensure a solid foundation for such a decision, a full tungsten divertor design, together with a demonstration of the necessary high performance tungsten monoblock technology should be completed within the required timescale. The status of both the design and technology R&D activity is summarized in this paper.
Nuclear analysis of the ITER full-tungsten divertor Villari, R.; Barabash, V.; Escourbiac, F. ...
Fusion engineering and design,
October 2013, 2013-10-00, 20131001, Letnik:
88, Številka:
9-10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
•3D nuclear analysis of the last design of ITER full-W divertor.•Calculate nuclear heating, damage and he-production in divertor components.•Evaluate impact on design and maintenance of the system.
...This paper presents the nuclear analysis performed for the ITER full-tungsten divertor using the MCNP-5 Monte Carlo Code in a 3-D geometry. A detailed model of the geometry of the divertor based on the last design specifications has been integrated into the latest ITER MCNP model. Nuclear heating, damage and helium production have been calculated. The presented results are consistent with recent analysis performed with ATTILA code and with the previous ones with MCNP. The shielding capabilities of the last design are reduced in comparison with the design of 2004 but a negligible impact is expected. The reweldability of radial pipes of the cassette body (CB) is not a concern even assuming irradiation during the whole ITER lifetime. The reweldability of pipes for the refurbishment of the CB with new plasma facing components depends on maintenance scenario. It is not expected that last 2012 divertor design leads to an appreciable increase of the nuclear loads on vacuum vessel and toroidal field coils, since the relative contribution of the divertor region remains low.
Romantic relationships play a critical role in adolescent development, and by middle adolescence, most young people have been involved in at least one romantic relationship, a context in which most ...sexual interactions occur. Research suggests adolescents lack positive models and skills related to building healthy relationships.
This project aims to test the impact of an innovative healthy relationships intervention, called About Us, implemented in school-based health centers (SBHCs) in California in a randomized controlled trial.
About Us is being tested using a 7-site, 2-group, parallel randomized controlled trial with a treatment versus control allocation ratio of 3:2 to assess the impact of the intervention relative to the standard of care among adolescents aged 14 to 18 years. Adolescents with active parental consent provide study assent at each of the 3 survey time points: baseline, 3 months postintervention, and 9 months postintervention. A stratified randomization procedure was used to ensure balance in key covariates and screening criteria across intervention groups. Through benchmark intent-to-treat analyses, we will examine the primary outcome of this study-the impact of About Us relative to the standard of care 9 months following the end of the intervention on the prevalence of vaginal or anal sex without condoms in the past 3 months. The secondary outcomes are four-fold: what is the impact of About Us relative to the standard of care 3 and 9 months following the end of the intervention, on (1) the prevalence of abstinence from vaginal or anal sex in the past 3 months, (2) composite scores of relationship communication and positive conflict resolution among participants involved in a relationship at baseline, (3) the prevalence of SBHC service use or information receipt in the past 3 months, and (4) composite scores of condom use intentions and attitudes regarding condoms and other birth control? Additionally, as part of our sensitivity analyses, two additional analyses will be implemented: modified intent-to-treat and complete case analysis.
This project (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03736876) was funded in 2016 through the Family Youth Services Bureau as part of the Personal Responsibility Education Innovative Strategies program. Baseline data collection took place between February 2018 and March 2020, yielding a total of 5 cohorts and 533 study participants: 316 assigned to treatment and 217 assigned to control. Ongoing follow-up data collection continued through May 2021.
About Us draws on developmental science to create a contextually and developmentally relevant program that addresses motivation and emotional influences in sexual decision-making. The intervention was designed for implementation within SBHCs, an understudied venue for relationship and sexual health promotion interventions. Unfortunately, COVID-19 pandemic restrictions led to school closures, interrupting ongoing programming, and in-person follow-up data collection, which has affected study attrition.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03736876; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03736876.
DERR1-10.2196/30499.
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) has been present in Argentina since 1938 and had limited sweet pepper and tomato production until the introduction of resistant cultivars bearing Tsw and Sw‐5b genes. ...However, the wide use of TSWV‐resistant pepper plants in La Plata Horticultural Belt (LPHB) triggered the emergence of resistance‐breaking isolates (RB), increasing the economic impact of TSWV in pepper. This work characterized 11 natural RB pepper isolates from LPHB that have overcome the Tsw resistance gene in Capsicum sp. but are unable to break the Sw‐5b‐mediated resistance in tomato. Phylogenetic analysis of the N gene showed that the LPHB isolates are most closely related to isolates from Asia, indicating that Argentine TSWV isolates might have emerged from the Asian continent. The NSs sequence analysis reinforces the hypothesis that the appearance of an RB phenotype is a consequence of a number of different single amino acid substitutions spread along the NSs gene that lead to multiple independent evolutionary events. These results provide information on the current situation of the tospovirus–pepper/tomato pathosystems in LPHB, which represents a fundamental prerequisite to include these RB isolates in future screening programmes in order to select new and durable sources of resistance to TSWV in pepper.
ITER plasma-facing components Merola, Mario; Loesser, D.; Martin, A. ...
Fusion engineering and design,
12/2010, Letnik:
85, Številka:
10
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
The ITER plasma-facing components directly face the thermonuclear plasma and include the divertor, the blanket and the test blanket modules with their corresponding frames.
The divertor is located at ...the bottom of the plasma chamber and is aimed at exhausting the major part of the plasma thermal power (including alpha power) and at minimising the helium and impurity content in the plasma.
The blanket system provides a physical boundary for the plasma transients and contributes to the thermal and nuclear shielding of the vacuum vessel and external machine components. It consists of modular shielding elements known as blanket modules which are attached to the vacuum vessel. Each blanket module consists of two major components: a plasma-facing first wall panel and a shield block.
The test blanket modules are mock-ups of DEMO breeding blankets. There are three ITER equatorial ports devoted to test blanket modules, each of them providing for the allocation of two breeding modules inserted in a steel frame and in front of a shield block.
Les pratiques de soins intégratives (PSI) dans la prise en charge des troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) ne bénéficient pas suffisamment d’évaluations rigoureuses. En outre, elles manquent de ...formalisation malgré leur place importante dans la pratique clinique, en particulier en France, où elles sont mises en œuvre dans des structures d’hôpital de jour. Nous présentons ici la méthodologie de l’étude EPIGRAM financée par la Direction générale de l’organisations des soins (PREPS 2013), le profil de la population à l’inclusion (M0) et le retour de l’expérience des familles à 12 mois de prise en charge.
Dans un souci d’homogénéisation des pratiques, un manuel a été formalisé suivant la méthodologie du chemin clinique et les recommandations de la Haute Autorité de santé. Puis, nous avons conduit une étude observationnelle ouverte, multicentrique et en milieu naturel en soins courants évaluant les PSI dans les TSA pour les enfants de 3 à 6 ans. Les principaux critères d’inclusion ont été le diagnostic (autisme typique ou atypique, selon la CIM10) et la durée des soins (2 à 4 demi-journées par semaine) au cours de la première année de prise en charge. Les enfants ont été évalués cliniquement à l’aide de plusieurs instruments dont le PEP-3 (Psychoeducational Profile-3), et le CARS (Children Autism Rating Scale). Afin de maintenir une évaluation en aveugle pour la variable principale, des vidéos du PEP-3, réparties selon un mode aléatoire, ont été cotées par deux psychologues indépendantes. Un questionnaire, rempli séparément par les familles et les professionnels à l’inclusion et à un an, complète l’étude.
Nous avons inclus 89 enfants qui présentent en moyenne un autisme de niveau sévère à la CARS (moyenne=44 ; écart-type=6,51) et modéré à la catégorie comportements inadaptés (CATCI) du PEP-3 (moyenne=30 ; écart-type=29,89). Les enfants ont tous été diagnostiqués avant l’âge de 3 ans, 6 mois. Ils souffrent, pour la plupart, de troubles sévères du langage. Au PEP-3, l’atteinte est plus marquée en motricité globale et pour les comportements verbaux caractéristiques. Les familles ont un statut socioéconomique faible pour 30 % d’entre elles et 56 % sont immigrées de première génération. Parmi les enfants, 77 % sont scolarisés en école maternelle avec une auxiliaire de vie scolaire. Les enfants de parents immigrés ont un autisme plus sévère (CARS : moyenne=45,8 (±6,51) vs 41,2 (±5,58), t-test, p=0,001) et avec un déficit de la cognition plus marqué (CVP : médiane=24,5 min–max : 9,75–45,5 vs 52 min–max : 26–76, Wilcoxon, p=0,001). À l’entrée, le recueil des signes à l’observation clinique structurée rejoint ceux relevés par les familles comme étant objet de leur préoccupation. Avec les outils standardisés, ces observations produisent une analyse de l’efficience fonctionnelle et pluridimensionnelle pour le projet de soins intégratifs. À 12 mois, le niveau de satisfaction des familles est élevé et concordant à celui des praticiens.
Nos résultats montrent que les unités de jour soignent une population d’enfants présentant des TSA à dominante sévère et complexe, issue majoritairement de familles à faible statut socioéconomique et d’immigration de la première génération. La pertinence de l’observation pluridimensionnelle et le projet de soins des PSI sont confortés par les familles à l’entrée et après 12 mois de prise en charge.
Integrative care practices (ICPs) in the management of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) do not currently receive sufficient rigorous evaluation. Moreover, they lack formalisation despite their important place in clinical practice, particularly in France, where they are implemented in day care hospital structures. We present here the methodology of the EPIGRAM study financed by the French General Directorate of Healthcare Organisations (PREPS 2013), the profile of the inclusive population (M0), and the experience of families after 12 months of care.
In order to homogenise practices, a manual has been formalised following the methodology of the clinical pathway and the recommendations of the High Authority of health. We then conducted an open, multi-centre, observational study in a natural environment in routine care evaluating ICPs in ASDs for children aged 3 to 6 years. The main inclusion criteria were the diagnosis (typical or atypical autism, according to the ICD10) and the duration of care (2 to 4 half-days per week) during the first year of care. The children were clinically assessed using several instruments including the PEP-3 (Psychoeducational Profile-3) and the CARS (Children Autism Rating Scale). In order to maintain a blind assessment for the main variable, randomly assigned videos of the PEP-3 were rated by two independent psychologists. A questionnaire, completed separately by the families and the professionals at inclusion and at one year, complemented the study.
We included 89 children demonstrated to have severe autism through the CARS (mean=44; SD=6.51) and moderate autism through he PEP-3 maladaptive behaviour category (CAT MB) (mean=30; SD=29.89). The children were all diagnosed before the age of 3 years 6 months. Most of the children had severe language impairments. With PEP-3, the impairment is more pronounced in gross motor skills and characteristic verbal behaviours. Thirty percent of the families had a low socioeconomic status and 56 % were first generation immigrants. Seventy-seven percent of the children were enrolled in kindergarten with school life support. Children of immigrant parents have more severe autism (CARS : mean=45.8 (±6.51) vs. 41.2 (±5.58), t-test, P=0.001) in addition to a more marked cognitive deficit (CVP : median=24.5 min–max: 9.75–45.5 vs. 52 min–max: 26–76, Wilcoxon, P=0.001). At entry, the collection of the signs at the structured clinical observation met the signs noted by the families as being the object of their concern. With standardised tools, these observations constituted an efficient functional and multidimensional analysis for the integrative care project. At 12 months, the families’ level of satisfaction was high and consistent with that of the practitioners.
Our results show that the day units take care of a population of children with predominantly severe and complex ASDs, for the most part, from families with low socioeconomic status and first-generation immigration. The relevance of the multidimensional observation and the care project of the ISPs were confirmed by the families at entry and after 12 months of care.
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