Resumen La morfología del grano es de interés en el mejoramiento de cultivos por su relación con el rendimiento y la calidad. Con la necesidad de contar con una metodología de análisis que permita la ...selección por caracteres morfológicos del grano de manera sencilla y eficiente, se utilizó el procesamiento y análisis de imágenes digitales (PAID) con el programa ImageJ, y se analizaron muestras de granos de cuatro genotipos de triticale bajo dos niveles de fertilización. Los resultados de PAID se evaluaron para determinar la exactitud de conteo y dimensiones de longitud y anchura del grano; y estimar el volumen del grano con el uso de aproximación geométrica y empleo de constantes de proporcionalidad (k) respecto de métodos tradicionales. El conteo obtenido con PAID fue en promedio una de 0.3 granos inferior al conteo manual, cuando la imagen digitalizada no presentaba contacto entre los granos. Las dimensiones del grano logradas con PAID posibilitaron caracterizar genotipos muy similares y mostraron alta correlación con las mediciones realizadas con micrómetro (longitud: r = 0.79, p<0.01; anchura: r = 0.91, p<0.01). El volumen estimado por PAID y con el uso de k logró una diferencia relativa porcentual, respecto del volumen medido por desplazamiento de tolueno, entre 2.82 a 3.43%. El uso de PAID como metodología para registrar el número, dimensiones y volumen del grano en triticale resultó factible, simple y confiable. La aplicación de esta herramienta es una opción para la caracterización morfológica del grano de triticale.
In this paper, an investigation of the temporal rainfall variability, in a large area of southern Italy, has been carried out using a homogeneous monthly rainfall dataset of 559 rain gauges with more ...than 50 years of observation. The area under investigation is a large portion of the Italian peninsula, ranging from the Campania and the Apulia regions in the North, to Sicily in the South, and covering an area of about 85,000 km
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. Possible trends in seasonal and annual rainfall values have been detected by means of a new graphical technique, Şen’s method, which allows the trend identification of the low, medium and high values of a series. Moreover, the Mann–Kendall test has been also applied. As a result, different values and tendencies of the highest and of the lowest rainfall data have emerged among the five regions considered in the analysis. In particular, at seasonal scale, a negative trend has been detected especially in winter and in autumn in the whole study area, whereas not well defined trend signals have been identified in summer and spring.
The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the influence of use of posts as well as the type of posterior tooth (premolars vs molars) for the treatment with lithium disilicate ...(LS2) partial crowns.
A total of 60 patients were treated with posterior LS2 partial crowns. Two groups (n = 60) were made based on the type of restored tooth: Group 1, premolars and Group 2, molars. The samples of each group were divided into 2 subgroups (n = 30): Subgroup A restored with fiber posts and Subgroup B without them. Clinical and intraoral radiographic examinations were assessed during each recall (6 months and, 1, 2, and 3 years). Kaplan-Meier log-rank test and Cox regression analysis (Pp < 0.05) were applied.
Three subgroups showed 100% of survival while group 2 A exhibited the lowest performance (93.3%). The Cox regression analysis showed that the presence of the post was not a significant factor for survival time (Hazard Ratio HR = 0388; CI95% Confidence Interval for H R = 0,1- to 1,5; pp = 017).
Tooth type had an influence on survival time that was at the limit of statistical significance (Hazard Ratio HR = 0123; CI95% Confidence Interval for HR = 0 0015- to 0997; p = 005). Particularly, failure risk was greater for premolars. ‘Post by tooth type’ interactions were not statistically significant (p = 0126).
over a 3-year observation period, the clinical performance of endodontically treated teeth restored with lithium disilicate partial crowns was not significantly affected by the use of a fiber post and by the type of tooth (premolars or molars).
Biomechanical integrity of endodontically treated teeth (ETT) is often compromised. Degree of hard tissue loss and type of final prosthetic restoration should be carefully considered when making a ...treatment plan. The objective of this prospective clinical trial was to assess the influence of the type of prosthetic restoration as well as the degree of hard tissue loss on 7-y clinical performance of ETT restored with fiber posts. Two groups (n = 60) were defined depending on the type of prosthetic restoration needed: 1) single unit porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns (SCs) and 2) 3- to 4-unit PFM fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), with 1 healthy and 1 endodontically treated and fiber post-restored abutment. Within each group, samples were divided into 2 subgroups (n = 30) according to the amount of residual coronal tissues after abutment buildup and final preparation: A) >50% of coronal residual structure or B) equal to or <50% of coronal residual structure. The clinical outcome was assessed based on clinical and intraoral radiographic examinations at the recalls after 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 84 mo. Data were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier log-rank test and Cox regression analysis (P < 0.05). The overall 7-y survival rate of ETT restored with fiber post and either SCs or FDPs was 69.2%. The highest 84-mo survival rate was recorded in group 1A (90%), whereas teeth in group 2B exhibited the lowest performance (56.7% survival rate). The log-rank test detected statistically significant differences in survival rates among the groups (P = 0.048). Cox regression analysis revealed that the amount of residual coronal structure (P = 0.041; hazard ratio HR, 2.026; 95% confidence interval CI for HR, 1.031–3.982) and the interaction between the type of prosthetic restoration and the amount of residual coronal structure (P = 0.024; HR, 1.372; 95% CI for HR, 1.042–1.806) were statistically significant factors for survival (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01532947).
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•Neuronal differentiation and development is affected by glyphosate herbicide.•A cellular mechanism of glyphosate neurotoxicity is proposed.•Glyphosate reduces Wnt5a expression in ...developmental hippocampal neurons.•CaMKII activity is down-regulated in neurons exposed to glyphosate.
The growth and morphological differentiation of neurons are critical events in the establishment of proper neuronal connectivity and functioning. The developing nervous system is highly susceptible to damage caused by exposure to environmental contaminants. Glyphosate-containing herbicides are the most used agrochemicals in the world, particularly on genetically modified plants. Previous studies have demonstrated that glyphosate induces neurotoxicity in mammals. Therefore, its action mechanism on the nervous system needs to be determined. In this study, we report about impaired neuronal development caused by glyphosate exposure. Particularly, we observed that the initial axonal differentiation and growth of cultured neurons is affected by glyphosate since most treated cells remained undifferentiated after 1 day in culture. Although they polarized at 2 days in vitro, they elicited shorter and unbranched axons and they also developed less complex dendritic arbors compared to controls. To go further, we attempted to identify the cellular mechanism by which glyphosate affected neuronal morphology. Biochemical approaches revealed that glyphosate led to a decrease in Wnt5a level, a key factor for the initial neurite development and maturation, as well as inducing a down-regulation of CaMKII activity. This data suggests that the morphological defects would likely be a consequence of the decrease in both Wnt5a expression and CaMKII activity induced by glyphosate. Additionally, these changes might be reflected in a subsequent neuronal dysfunction. Therefore, our findings highlight the importance of establishing rigorous control on the use of glyphosate-based herbicides in order to protect mammals’ health.
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons and by accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aS) aggregates in the surviving neurons. The dopamine ...catabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL) is a highly reactive and toxic molecule that leads to aS oligomerization by covalent modifications to lysine residues. Here we show that DOPAL-induced aS oligomer formation in neurons is associated with damage of synaptic vesicles, and with alterations in the synaptic vesicles pools. To investigate the molecular mechanism that leads to synaptic impairment, we first aimed to characterize the biochemical and biophysical properties of the aS-DOPAL oligomers; heterogeneous ensembles of macromolecules able to permeabilise cholesterol-containing lipid membranes. aS-DOPAL oligomers can induce dopamine leak in an in vitro model of synaptic vesicles and in cellular models. The dopamine released, after conversion to DOPAL in the cytoplasm, could trigger a noxious cycle that further fuels the formation of aS-DOPAL oligomers, inducing neurodegeneration.
Technological innovations in agricultural tractors have revolutionised farming, increased labour productivity and reduced operator's hazards. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relation ...between agricultural tractors' technological innovations and farm size, as well as users' attitude on environmental impact of agricultural tractors according to their age and years of activity in the farm. Results, concerning Italy, highlight that high technological innovations of tractors are associated to larger farms, which are managed professionally by more efficient and sophisticated agricultural machineries. Empirical evidence also shows that the older the tractor adopters are and the longer they have been working in agriculture, the higher is their commitment to environment protection and safe working conditions. These results could be important for critical strategic management implications to spur technological innovation in agricultural tractors that better satisfy farmer's needs and to support the fruitful adoption of innovations for an efficient and safe modern agriculture.
O Grupo de Empoderamento Feminino é uma atividade de cultura e extensão da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo (FDUSP) voltado à pesquisa e à prática com temas ligados à violência de ...gênero, em especial à violência doméstica e à Lei Maria da Penha (LMP). Nesse contexto, a pesquisa, de viés antropológico no âmbito do ensino jurídico, surge como oportunidade de (re)pensar políticas públicas e falhas estruturais nos instrumentos de concretização do direito. A investigação busca narrativas daquelas que operam a LMP na prática, tendo em vista que pensar as dinâmicas das Delegacias de Defesa da Mulher (DDM) perpassa a necessidade de um direito aberto às vozes das suas aplicadoras. Realizamos entrevistas e visitas de observação da rotina das funcionárias e, no material coletado, identificamos três principais eixos de análise: (i) a visão da Universidade dentro do contexto da DDM, (ii) sistemas e dinâmicas internas, (iii) entendimentos sobre ser mulher-vítima e relações de gênero. O trabalho buscou, assim, revisitar as fronteiras disciplinares que marcam a antropologia e o direito nas universidades, utilizando conceitos-chave ligados aos estudos de gênero, violência institucional, direitos humanos e antropologia jurídica
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