Anomaly detection is a critical issue across several academic fields and real-world applications. Artificial neural networks have been proposed to detect anomalies from different input types, but ...there is no clear guide to deciding which model to use in a specific case. Therefore, this study examines the most relevant Neural Network Outlier Detection algorithms in the literature, compares their benefits and drawbacks in some application scenarios, and displays their outcomes in benchmark datasets. The initial search revealed 1422 papers on projects completed between 2017 and 2021. These papers were further narrowed based on title, abstract, quality assessment, inclusion, and exclusion criteria, remaining 76 articles. Finally, we reviewed these publications and verified that Autoencoder Neural Network, Convolutional Neural Network, Recurrent Neural Network, and Generative Adversarial Network have promisor outcomes for outlier detection, the advantages of these neural networks for outlier detection, and the significant challenges of outlier detection strategies.
Purpose: to identify genetically enhanced physical skills (speed, strength, endurance and motor coordination), provided by the dermatoglyphic method and to analyze the preliminary correlation between ...dermatoglyphic and acoustic data of lyrical and pop singers. Methods: the study was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee. Four male singers were evaluated (two lyrical and two pop singers), 31-53 years old. Data collection and analysis procedures comprised (1) Survey-Self-Perception of Vocal Characteristics in Singers (vocal habits, voice performance and phenotypic characteristics); (2) Dermatoglyphic Profile (fingerprint image digitalization: predominance of digital drawings (Arch, Loop and Whorl); scores of deltas (D10); the Total Ridge Count (TRC); digital formula and dermatoglyphic profile (aerobic, anaerobic and mix)); (3) Acoustic Analysis (the Expression Evaluator script application to the audio recordings: f0, intensity, spectral slope and long-term average spectrum--LTAS values); and (4) Integrated (Statistical) Analysis; cluster analysis. Results: correlations were found between dermatoglyphic variables (Arch, Loop, Whorl, D10, TRC) and acoustic parameters (f0 (median); intensity (asymmetry); spectral slope (mean); and LTAS (SD)). The dermatoglyphic profile did not segregate singing styles. Conclusion: the dermatoglyphic profiles showed a preliminary correlation with the acoustic vocal measures, especially f0 and LTAS measures. Keywords: Linguistics; Phonetics; Dermatoglyphics; Speech Acoustics; Voice Quality
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has high metabolic activity and secretes a larger number of adipokines that are related to the inflammatory process. Quantifying VAT could estimate the risk of ...developing Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). This study was designed to determine the VAT cut-off points assessed by DXA associated with MetS in military men. In total, 270 (37.5 ± 6.9 years) military men from the Brazilian Army (BA) participated in the study. Anthropometric measurements, assessment of body composition by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), hemodynamics and biochemical tests were performed. The Student’s t test, independent samples, Person’s correlation, ROC curve, Youden Index and positive (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were used. The MetS prevalence was 27.4%, which means that 74 (38.0 ± 7.3 years) military men had at least three risk factors of MetS present. The cutoff point of VAT with the highest balance between sensitivity (77.0%) and specificity (69.9%) was 1025.0 cm3 (1086.0 g). An area on the ROC curve was 0.801 (p < 0.000), which was very good precision. VAT ≥ 1025.0 cm3 (1086.0 g) is associated with the risk factors of MetS and is, therefore, a predictor of the disease with good indicators of sensitivity and specificity and a robust indicator of MetS.
Peatlands are important chronological archives of paleoenvironmental changes, since they preserve materials which enable reconstruction of paleoenvironments from the Late Pleistocene. The Serra do ...Espinhaço Meridional (SdEM), located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, can be considered one of the main areas of tropical mountain peatlands on Earth. When climate conditions are favorable, peatland formation occurs through the combination of lithology with relief and vegetation, whereby depressions favor the accumulation of water and nutrient poverty of quartzite lithologies induces the growth of vegetation rich in C metabolites and lignin. Anaerobiosis, together with organic matter resilience, low pH, and high Al3+ content, favor the successive accumulation of organic matter in time and space. The aim of this study is to correlate the age of basal organic matter of the SdEM peatlands with their altitudes and to identify the environmental factors that acted upon peatland formation. Eleven peatlands, situated between 1244 and 2014 m a.s.l., were identified using satellite imagery and cores were sampled in the field. Eighteen cores were collected from under grasslands and forest clusters in aluminum tubes of 8 cm in diameter. The basal layers, between 15 and 397 cm deep, had carbon content, average decomposition stage of organic matter, and radiocarbon age determined. Average carbon content increases and average decomposition stage of organic matter decreases with altitude. The peatlands situated below 1370 m a.s.l. would have begun to form in the Late Pleistocene, while those situated between 1580 and 1610 m a.s.l. would have begun to form in the Early and Middle Holocene, and those situated between 1760 and 2014 m a.s.l. would have begun their formation in the Late Holocene. In the southern hemisphere, the average temperatures would have been 9 °C lower than current average temperatures between 22 and 18 kyr BP. and, from 2 to 5 °C lower between 18 and 12 kyr BP. Between 12 and 8.8 kyr BP, the average temperatures varied from +2 to - 1 °C in relation to the current average temperatures. The favorable area for the establishment of vegetation cover in SdEM was smaller in the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) than in the warmer periods of the Holocene. The radiocarbon age of the basement layer of SdEM peatlands decreases with increased altitude. The colder climate of the Late Pleistocene limited the formation of peatlands above 1570 m a.s.l. in SdEM.
•The studied peatlands are chronological archives of paleoenvironmental changes.•The 14C ages of its basal layers are influenced by altitude and paleoclimate.•The 14C age of the basement layer of the peatlands decreases with increased altitude.•The peatlands situated below 1370 m a.s.l. are pleistocenic.•The peatlands situated above 1370 m a.s.l. are holocenic.
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of whole-body vibration training (WBVT) on blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and determine the clinical and functional outcomes in ...patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Thirty-two women with FMS were randomized into an intervention group (IG), receiving 6 weeks of WBVT, or a control group (CG) with no intervention. The outcomes at the baseline and follow-up in both groups included blood BDNF levels, sit-to-stand test (STS), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and visual analogue scale (VAS). WBVT resulted in a group-by-time interaction effect. Thus, after the intervention time, the IG had increased blood BDNF levels (p=0.045), a higher number of repetitions on the STS test (p=0.011), and increased walking distance on the 6MWT (p=0.010), compared to CG. Moreover, there was a reduction in the scores of the FIQ (p=0.001), the PSQI (p=0.001), the BDI (p=0.017), and pain assessed using VAS (p=0.008) in IG. The results demonstrate that WBVT promotes an increase in blood BDNF levels, with concomitant improvement in lower limb muscle strength, aerobic capacity, clinical symptoms, and quality of life in women with FMS. This trial is registered with Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (REBEC; RBR-38nbbx) (https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-38nbbx).
The purpose of this investigation was to determine lipid peroxidation markers, physiological stress and muscle damage in elite kayakers in response to a maximum 4-min kayak ergometer test (KE test), ...and possible correlations with individual 1000m kayaking performances. The sample consisted of twenty-three adult male and nine adult female elite kayakers, with more than three years' experience in international events, who voluntarily took part in this study. The subjects performed a 10-min warm-up, followed by a 2-min passive interval, before starting the test itself, which consisted of a maximum 4-min work paddling on an ergometer; right after the end of the test, an 8 ml blood sample was collected for analysis. 72 hours after the test, all athletes took part in an official race, when then it was possible to check their performance in the on site K1 1000m test (P1000m). The results showed that all lipoproteins and hematological parameters tested presented a significant difference (p≤0.05) after exercise for both genders. In addition, parameters related to muscle damage such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) presented significant differences after stress. Uric acid presented an inverse correlation with the performance (r = -0.76), while CK presented a positive correlation (r = 0.46) with it. Based on these results, it was possible to verify muscle damage and the level of oxidative stress caused by indoor training with specific ergometers for speed kayaking, highlighting the importance of analyzing and getting to know the physiological responses to this type of training, in order to provide information to coaches and optimize athletic performance.
The genus Voragocoris Weirauch, 2012 is composed of Voragocoris schuhi Weirauch, 2012 and Voragocoris amrishi Makhan, 2013, previously recorded from Peru and Suriname, respectively. In this paper, a ...new species, Voragocoris weirauchae sp.n., is described based on specimens collected in the Brazilian Amazon, representing the first record of the genus from Brazil. We provide diagnosis, description, photographs of habitus, and scanning electron micrographs of the diagnostic features. A key to species based on males of Voragocoris is also presented.
To analyze the epidemiological profiles of children with orthopedic distal humerus fractures.
An analytical descriptive study was conducted with a retrospective approach using medical records of 665 ...orthopedic children who attended the Jesser Amarante Faria Children's Hospital, a reference hospital in the city of Joinville, Santa Catarina, between June 2012 and December 2016.
The results showed a predominance of male patients (64.2%), with a mean age of 7 years, and the age group of 6-10 years being the most frequent with 319 patients (48%). The main mechanism of trauma was fall of height in 59.7% of patients, Gartland type 1 fracture in 57.1%, and absence of vascular injury in 99.7%. Conservative management was implemented in 64.7% (95%) of patients. Absence of neurological lesion (95.6%) and closed lesion (99.4%) were the main epidemiological characteristics of patients in the study. A low complication rate was observed, with reduction losses in 1.7% of patients, followed by infections in 1.1%.
We can conclude that the cases studied presented epidemiological characteristics similar to those described in the literature.
The recent advancements in spine fixation aid in the treatment of complex spinal pathologies. Both the iliac screw (IS) and the S2-alar-iliac (S2AI) screw provide adequate stability in the fixation ...of complex lumbosacral spine pathologies, leading to a significant increased rate of using these techniques in the daily practice of the spine surgeons. This study aims to analyze, describe, and compare the insertion and positioning parameters of the S2AI screw and IS techniques in children without spinal deformities.
An observational retrospective study was conducted at a university hospital in 2018, with 25 computed tomography (CT) images selected continuously. Mann-Whitney-Shapiro-Wilk tests were performed. The reliability of the data was assessed using the intraclass correlation. The data were stratified by age group only for Pearson's correlation analysis.
The mean age was 11.7 years (4.5 SD). The mean IS length was 106.63 mm (4.59 SD). The mean length of the S2AI screw was 104.13 mm (4.22 SD). The mean skin distance from the IS entry point was 28.13 mm (4.27 SD) and that for the S2AI screw was 39.96 mm (4.54 SD).
Through CT, the S2AI screw trajectory was observed to have a greater bone thickness and skin distance than the IS. There was a linear correlation between age and screw length for both techniques. A similar relationship was observed between skin distance and age for the S2AI screw technique. In children, the S2AI screw technique presents advantages such as greater cutaneous coverage and implant thickness than the IS technique.
This is the first report of
Antiteuchus tripterus
(Fabricius, 1787) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) damaging
Araucaria angustifolia
(Bertol.) Kuntze, 1898 (Pinales: Araucariaceae) plants in Brazil. This ...bug, native to the neotropical region, damaged this plant on fragments of mixed rain forest in Bueno Brandão, Minas Gerais state, Brazil.
Araucaria angustifolia
, native and with ecological and economic values, was widely used in the lumber market and, therefore, threatened with extinction. Nymphs and adults of
A. tripterus
were observed in March and April with a population reduction until June 2022. The bioecology and damage caused by
A. tripterus
on
A. angustifolia
are not known.
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