Issue Title: Morphology, Molecules, Evolution and Phylogeny in Polychaeta and Related Taxa The structure of the polychaete muscular system is reviewed. The muscular system comprises the muscles of ...the body wall, the musculature of the parapodial complex and the muscle system of the dissepiments and mesenteries. Various types of organisation of the longitudinal and circular components of the muscular body wall are distinguished. In Opheliidae, Polygordiidae, Protodrilidae, Spionidae, Oweniidae, Aphroditidae, Acoetidae (=Polyodontidae), Polynoidae, Sigalonidae, Phyllodocidae, Nephtyidae, Pisionidae, and Nerillidae circular muscles are lacking. It is hypothesised that the absence of circular muscles represents the plesiomorphic state in Annelida. This view contradicts the widely accepted idea of an earthworm-like musculature of the body wall comprising an outer layer of circular and an inner layer of longitudinal fibres. A classification of the various types of parapodial muscle construction has been developed. Massive and less manoeuvrable parapodia composed of many components like those of Aphrodita are regarded to represent the plesiomorphic state in recent polychaetes. An analysis of the diversity of the muscular structure supports the hypothesis that the primary mode of life in polychaetes was epibenthic and the parapodial chaetae had a protective function.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
The problem of generating relevant accounting information that reflects the risks of agribusiness and its application for management decisions is presented. Maintaining sustainable development ...dynamics requires the construction of such a risk management system that could timely and adequately respond to the challenges presented to the agricultural sector. In this paper, directions for the adaptation of accounting in the risk management system are developed, and guidelines for organizing accounting in the adaptation process are given.
In addition to photosynthesis, chloroplasts perform a variety of important cellular functions in the plant cell, which can, for example, regulate plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress ...conditions. Under stress, intensive chloroplast protein remodeling and degradation can occur, releasing large numbers of endogenous peptides. These protein-derived peptides can be found intracellularly, but also in the plant secretome. Although the pathways of chloroplast protein degradation and the types of chloroplast proteases implicated in this process have received much attention, the role of the resulting peptides is less well understood. In this review we summarize the data on peptide generation processes during the remodeling of the chloroplast proteome under stress conditions and discuss the mechanisms leading to these changes. We also review the experimental evidence which supports the concept that peptides derived from chloroplast proteins can function as regulators of plant responses to (a)biotic stresses.
•We examine how social norms perceptions regarding digital piracy are constructed.•Social norms perceptions regarding digital piracy is affected by social projection.•Communication exposure affects ...social norms perceptions regarding digital piracy.•Communication exposure moderates the effect of social projection.
Using a national sample of 620 Internet users in the US, this study examined the extent to which social projection, communication exposure, and an interaction between the two, influenced individuals’ perceptions about two subordinate types of social norms surrounding digital piracy: injunctive norms and descriptive norms. In line with the social projection model, individuals made social estimates about others’ piracy attitudes and behaviors anchoring on their own personal attitudes and behavior. However, frequent communication exposure reduced the degree to which they relied on this egocentric thought process. In addition, the two-way interaction was contingent on another condition (perceiver’s own piracy behavior) indicating that communication exposure had differing implications for pirates and non-pirates. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
The relevance of the study is conditioned by the adverse dynamics of students’ health. Health is a resource, social capital necessary for a person to adapt to new socio-economic conditions. The ...purpose of the paper is to identify methods of research university students’ readiness formation for a healthy lifestyle. The leading approach to the study is an integrative approach allowing considering a healthy lifestyle as a complex multidimensional phenomenon, which combines a variety of qualitatively different components and reflects the fundamental aspects of human existence. The study involves 500 teachers, 500 students who have defined the criteria for readiness for a healthy lifestyle among students (awareness of health’s priority, possession of abilities and skills of preservation and accumulation of their own health, physical development, understanding the need for a healthy lifestyle, respect for the preservation of others’ health). Key findings are scientific justification for preventive pedagogy as the basis to form readiness for a healthy lifestyle; identification of cognitive and informative, health and fitness, preventive and prophylactic methods of research university students’ readiness formation for a healthy lifestyle. The significance of the results obtained is that preventive pedagogic function is scientifically justified which prevents the possibility of pedagogical deviations and finds resources to address them.
Negative experiences in diverse software development teams have the potential to turn off minority participants from future team-based software development activity. We examine the use of ...brainstorming as one concrete team processes that may be used to improve the satisfaction of minority developers when working in a group. Situating our study in time-intensive hackathon-like environments where engagement of all team members is particularly crucial, we use a combination of survey and interview data to test our propositions. We find that brainstorming strategies are particularly effective for team members who identify as minorities, and support satisfaction with both the process and outcomes of teamwork through different mechanisms.
Based on our empirical studies of 10 hackathons held by scientific communities, a corporation, and universities as well as the review of published literature, we discuss that hackathons can be ...organized around goals such as enriching social networks, facilitating collaborative learning, and workforce development. We also discuss design choices that can scaffold the organization of hackathons and their tradeoffs. Design choices include identifying a suitable mixture of attendee skills, the selection process for projects and teams, and whether to hold a competitive or collaborative event. Hackathons can achieve multiple goals if designed carefully.
As the exposure to state violence could have long-term negative consequences onthe survivors, we analyzed which optics and measures could be used regardless of thevulnerabilities of the individual, ...their social status and institutional context. We examine the ways in which law enforcement system challenges individuals and measures used to practice resilience. We use the concept of resilience withintorturing environment to achieve our goal. Various actors of Russian law enforcementand penitentiary systems – detainees and prisoners, their family members, human rights activists, state agents etc. – participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews, which we coded basing on grounded theory. Measures employed by survivors to exercise resilience involve regaining bodily control (both by exercise and self-harm), having projections for future (by threats of legal prosecution or publicity), exploiting bureaucracy to one’s advantage, controlling information flow (by bluffing), controlling material evidence, employing allies and preserving the meaning of “normal self”.We believe that our findings can have practical applications, e.g. for preventing some of the negative consequences of torture by training vulnerable individuals to employ resilient strategies. Describing the way to interpret the power imbalances inherent to the torture environment might also be helpful for appreciating even the smallest acts, including the choice not to act.
Time-bounded events such as hackathons, data dives, codefests, hack-days, sprints or edit-a-thons have increasingly gained attention from practitioners and researchers. Yet there is a paucity of ...research on corporate hackathons, which are nearly ubiquitous and present significant organizational, cultural, and managerial challenges. To provide a comprehensive understanding of team processes and broad array of outcomes of corporate hackathons, we conducted a mixed-methods, multiple case study of five teams that participated in a large scale corporate hackathon. Two teams were "pre-existing" teams (PETs) and three were newly-formed "flash" teams (FTs). Our analysis revealed that PETs coordinated almost as if it was just another day at the office while creating innovations within the boundary of their regular work, whereas FTs adopted role-based coordination adapted to the hackathon context while creating innovations beyond the boundary of their regular work. Project sustainability depended on how much effort the team put into finding a home for their projects and whether their project was a good fit with existing products in the organization's product portfolio. Moreover, hackathon participation had perceived positive effects on participants' skills, careers, and social networks.
Isomeric phthalonitriles having four terminal cyano-groups are synthesized by means of nucleophilic replacement of 4-nitrophthalonitrile's nitro-group with resorcinol and hydroquinone fragments. ...Corresponding phthalocyaninates of cobalt, zinc, nickel and copper are obtained based on the compounds. The synthesized metal phthalocyaninates are studied in terms of spectroscopic properties using various organic solvents and additionally organic bases. Synthesized cobalt and zinc phthalocyaninates are found to form stable sandwich-type dimers while reacting with 1,4-diazabicyclo2.2.2octane (DABCO). Phthalocyaninates having substituted para-positions form more stable sandwich-type agregates than meta-substituted ones. A stability of molecular complexes of 1:1 composition obeys the following order: Py < Pz < DABCO for all synthesized phthalocyaninates.
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•d-metal cyanophenoxy-phthalocyaninates were synthesized and characterized.•Extra-coordination leads to formation of aggregates close to J- and H- types.•Fluorescence quantum yields increase under the aggregation processes were found.•Cobalt complexes accelerate DTC oxidation reaction up to 19 times.
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