'Welcome' Changes? Morgan, Jonathan T.; Filippova, Anna
Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction,
11/2018, Letnik:
2, Številka:
CSCW
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Open online communities rely on social norms for behavior regulation, group cohesion, and sustainability. Research on the role of social norms online has mainly focused on one source of influence at ...a time, making it difficult to separate different normative influences and understand their interactions. In this study, we use the Focus Theory to examine interactions between several sources of normative influence in a Wikipedia sub-community: local descriptive norms, local injunctive norms, and norms imported from similar sub-communities. We find that exposure to injunctive norms has a stronger effect than descriptive norms, that the likelihood of performing a behavior is higher when both injunctive and descriptive norms are congruent, and that conflicting social norms may negatively impact pro-normative behavior. We contextualize these findings through member interviews, and discuss their implications for both future research on normative influence in online groups and the design of systems that support open collaboration.
Plant secretome comprises dozens of secreted proteins. However, little is known about the composition of the whole secreted peptide pools and the proteases responsible for the generation of the ...peptide pools. The majority of studies focus on target detection and characterization of specific plant peptide hormones. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the whole extracellular peptidome, using moss Physcomitrella patens as a model. Hundreds of modified and unmodified endogenous peptides that originated from functional and nonfunctional protein precursors were identified. The plant proteases responsible for shaping the pool of endogenous peptides were predicted. Salicylic acid (SA) influenced peptide production in the secretome. The proteasome activity was altered upon SA treatment, thereby influencing the composition of the peptide pools. These results shed more light on the role of proteases and posttranslational modification in the “active management” of the extracellular peptide pool in response to stress conditions. It also identifies a list of potential peptide hormones in the moss secretome for further analysis.
In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the whole extracellular peptidome using moss Physcomitrella patens as a model. Hundreds of modified and unmodified endogenous peptides that originated from functional and nonfunctional protein precursors were identified. The plant proteases responsible for shaping the pool of endogenous peptides were predicted. These results shed more light on the role of proteases and posttranslational modification in the “active management” of the extracellular peptide pool in response to stress conditions.
You Hacked and Now What? Nolte, Alexander; Pe-Than, Ei Pa Pa; Filippova, Anna ...
Proceedings of the ACM on human-computer interaction,
11/2018, Letnik:
2, Številka:
CSCW
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Time bounded events such as hackathons, data dives, codefests, hack-days, sprints or edit-a-thons have increasingly gained attention from practitioners and researchers. Existing research, however, ...has mainly focused on the event itself, while potential outcomes of hackathons have received limited attention. Furthermore, most research around hackathons focuses on collegiate or civic events. Research around hackathons internal to tech companies, which are nearly ubiquitous, and present significant organizational, cultural, and managerial challenges, remains scarce. In this paper we address this gap by presenting findings from a case study of five teams which participated in a large scale corporate hackathon. Most team members voiced their intentions to continue the projects their worked on during the hackathon, but those whose projects did get continued were characterized by meticulous preparation, a focus on executing a shared vision during the hackathon, extended dissemination activities afterwards and a fit to existing product lines. Such teams were led by individuals who perceived the hackathon as an opportunity to bring their idea to life and advance their careers, and who recruited teams who had a strong interest in the idea and in learning the skills necessary to contribute efficiently. Our analysis also revealed that individual team members perceived hackathon participation to have positive effects on their career parts, networks and skill development.
Plants utilize a plethora of peptide signals to regulate their immune response. Peptide ligands and their cognate receptors involved in immune signaling share common motifs among many species of ...vascular plants. However, the origin and evolution of immune peptides is still poorly understood. Here, we searched for genes encoding small secreted peptides in the genomes of three bryophyte lineages—mosses, liverworts and hornworts—that occupy a critical position in the study of land plant evolution. We found that bryophytes shared common predicted small secreted peptides (SSPs) with vascular plants. The number of SSPs is higher in the genomes of mosses than in both the liverwort
Marchantia polymorpha
and the hornwort
Anthoceros sp
. The synthetic peptide elicitors—AtPEP and StPEP—specific for vascular plants, triggered ROS production in the protonema of the moss
Physcomitrella patens
, suggesting the possibility of recognizing peptide ligands from angiosperms by moss receptors. Mass spectrometry analysis of the moss
Physcomitrella patens
, both the wild type and the Δ
cerk
mutant secretomes, revealed peptides that specifically responded to chitosan treatment, suggesting their role in immune signaling.
This paper is part of a series investigating the muscular architecture of various "Polychaeta", aiming to ascertain the presence of circular muscles in the body wall, which have recently been thought ...to be lacking more often than hitherto known. The F-actin muscular subset of Dorvillea kastjani was labelled with phalloidin and the architecture three-dimensionally reconstructed by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy. Three pairs of longitudinal, two transverse and numerous radial muscles ensure shape and flexibility of the prostomium. Mobility of the sub-biramous parapodia and their chaetae is achieved by seven different muscle types. The body wall contains transverse and bracing muscles and in total five longitudinal muscle strands: two dorsolateral, two ventral and one ventromedial. Numerous transverse fibres extend from the dorsal side peripherally and ventrally and become concentrated into six or seven pairs of bundles per segment on the ventral side. They terminate before reaching the midline, leaving a gap of only a few micrometres between them. Within the intersegmental furrows these fibres form complete rings in a supralongitudinal postion. Thus, true circular fibres exist in D. kastjani but are weakly developed.
Issue Title: Advances in Polychaete Research The morphology and ultrastructure of the sedentary polychaete Diplocirrus longisetosus Marenzeller, 1890, collected from the White Sea, were studied using ...dissection, histological methods, light microscopy, and both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The prostomium and peristomium carry a pair of palps, eight branchiae, a pair of nuchal organs and two nephridiopores, ciliated folds and the mouth. The prostomium, peristomium and the first chaetigerous segment with all appendages comprise the so-called siphon complex. The mouth leads to a pharyngeal organ that is closed ventrally and composed of a ventral muscle bulb adjoined dorsally by two folds projecting into the pharyngeal lumen. These parts are connected and enveloped by the longitudinal investing muscle. No tongue-like organ is present. The nervous system of the siphonal part comprises the brain, the circum-oesophageal connectives and the ganglia of the peristomium and first chaetigerous segment.PUBLICATION ABSTRACT
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