The discontinuous particle method for simple problems associated with gas dynamics is under consideration. The origin of the method is based on the micro-model describing the movement of particles ...with prescribed velocities. We show that with the micro-model the inviscid Burgers' equation is solved in a weak sense. Numerical experiments have confirmed a low viscosity of the method: the solution is smeared by only one particle.
The role of methylation in the regulation of genes of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is still poorly understood. We revealed new hypermethylated lncRNA genes in ovarian tumors and their effect on ...metastasis of ovarian cancer. A multiple and significant (
p
<0.001) increase in methylation of a group of lncRNA genes (
MEG3
,
SEMA3B
-
AS1
,
ZNF667
-
AS1
, and
TINCR
) was shown by quantitative methylation-specific PCR using the non-parametric Mann—Whitney test. Moreover, methylation of
SEMA3B-AS1
,
ZNF667
-
AS1
, and
TINCR
genes in ovarian cancer tumors was detected for the first time. Comparative analysis of 19 samples of peritoneal metastases and paired primary tumors showed a significant decrease in the methylation level of the same 4 genes:
MEG3
(
p
=0.004),
SEMA3B-AS1
(
p
=0.002),
TINCR
(
p
=0.002), and
ZNF667-AS1
(
p
<0.001). Reduced methylation of suppressor lncRNA genes in peritoneal metastases is probably associated with the involvement of these lncRNA in the regulation of plastic reversion of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition to the mesenchymal-epithelial transition. Thus, the effect of lncRNA and their methylation on the development of tumors and metastases of ovarian cancer was demonstrated, which is important for understanding of the pathogenesis and mechanisms of metastasis of ovarian cancer. New properties of lncRNA can find application in the development of new approaches in the therapy of ovarian cancer.
Changes in the methylation levels of 21 microRNA genes in 91 breast cancer samples in comparison with paired samples of histologically unchanged tissue were studied by quantitative ...methylation-specific PCR. For 19 microRNA genes, a significant increase in the methylation level in tumors in comparison with normal tissues was shown (Mann—Whitney test). When considering the data for breast cancer samples only from patients with clinical stages I and II (59samples), 17 genes with a significantly increased level of methylation were identified. Increased methylation level for 11 genes (
MIR124-1
,
MIR124-3
,
MIR125B-1
,
MIR127
,
MIR129-2
,
MIR132
,
MIR137
,
MIR193a
,
MIR34B/C
,
MIR375
, and
MIR9-1
) compared to the paired norm was highly significant (
p
<0.001, FDR=0.01). The ROC analysis was used to optimize a set of markers for diagnosing breast cancer at the early stages consisting of 4 microRNA genes:
MIR125B1
,
MIR127
,
MIR1258
, and
MIR132
; the system is characterized by 100% specificity, 85% sensitivity, and AUC=0.924. Importantly, 100% specificity eliminates false positive results. Detection of methylation of at least one of the 4 genes of this set is sufficient to classify the patient’s sample as breast cancer.
The paper analyses the properties of Bacillus velezensis RT-26, a probiotic strain isolated from reindeer rumen, which has high activity towards fiber degradation, against bacterial and fungal ...pathogens. The analysis was performed using whole-genome sequencing of the strain using the Illumina platform. The study revealed that strain RT-26 possessed a complete set of metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. 411 genes were involved in carbohydrate metabolism in the strain genome, 229 genes were related to vitamin and coenzyme metabolism, 149 genes were involved in fatty acid metabolism. The synthesis pathways of various amino acids, most B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, nicotiamide, vitamin B5) were identified in the genome. A complete pathway for synthesis of the dipeptide antibiotic bacilisin was detected in the strain. In addition, the strain is capable of synthesizing class A beta-lactamase. No genes responsible for the degradation of mycotoxins and xenobiotics were detected in the genome of the strain studied. A number of glycosyl hydrolase families were detected in the strain genome: GH 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 13, 16, 18, 20, 23, 26, 28, 30, 32, 43, 46, 51, 53, 68, 68, 73, 101, 109, 126. Carbohydrate-binding proteins were of the SVM 50 family. Glycosyltransferases were of GT 1, 2, 4, 8, 26, 28, 30, 51, 83 families. In the genome of Bacillus velezensis strain RT-26, cellulases related to families GH 5, 6, 26, 51, chitinases related to families GH 18 and 23, and xylanases related to families GH 1, 3, 4, 16, 30, 43 were found. Thus, strain B. velezensis RT-26 has several phenotypically and genotypically proven properties that can characterize it as a good probiotic microorganism.
Late diagnosis of ovarian cancer is one of the most important problems in its treatment. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) are a poorly studied, but promising type of diagnostic biomarkers. We studied the ...lncRNA interactome to identify biomarkers with potential significance for molecular diagnostics of ovarian cancer. By screening the TCGA database, we identified differentially expressed lncRNA CCAT1 and SNHG14. Based on the indices of complementarity of CCAT1 and SNHG14 to the mRNA sequences, we selected 5 protein-coding genes
MAPK1
,
c-MET
,
TGFB2
,
SNAIL1
, and
WNT4
associated with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Real-time PCR on 54 ovarian cancer samples confirmed the high expression levels of CCAT1 and SNHG14 (logFC>1.5,
p
<0.05). A positive correlation between the expression levels of two lncRNA and mRNA of 5 genes in 6 pairs was established. The activating effect of CCAT1 and SNHG14 on the expression of these genes can be mediated by miR-203 and miR-124.
A selective method was proposed to produce single-phase powders of tungsten(VI) oxide γ-WO
3
(monoclinic system) and
h
-WO
3
(hexagonal system) by hydrothermal treatment (180–220°C) of ammonium ...B-paratungstate in the presence of citric acid (in a molar ratio of tungsten to citric acid of 1 : 1 or 1 : 2.5) in the pH range 0.5–2.5. The starting value of the pH of the reaction mixtures has a key effect on the phase composition of the synthesis products: single-phase γ-WO
3
powders can form at temperatures of 180–220°C at pH 0.5–1.0, and an increase in pH to 2.0–2.5 favors the formation of
h
-WO
3
. For the first time, estimation was made of the sun protection factor SPF and UV-A protection factor UVAPF of the γ-WO
3
and
h
-WO
3
powders according to a standardized measurement procedure (GOST ISO 24443-2016).
Despite the attention given in the recent years to the microbiological causes of endometritis and the potential sources of uterine microbiota infestation, more questions than answers remain in this ...research field. This paper describes an experiment carried out at the livestock farm of the Leningrad region on 6 dairy cows of the Holsteinized Russian Black Pied breed of the second lactation in the period after calving. The animals were divided into two groups (n = 3): Group 1 included clinically healthy animals, Group 2 included animals diagnosed with purulent-catarrhal post-calving endometritis. Metagenomic sequencing was performed using the MiSeq genomic sequencer (Illumina, Inc., USA) with the MiSeq Reagent Kit v3 (Illumina, Inc., USA). Based on the next-generation sequencing of microbiota of endometrial scrapings, 7 phyla of microorganisms were detected in clinically healthy cows and only 4 phyla of microorganisms in cows diagnosed with endometritis. The increase in the proportion of Fusobacteriota taxon bacteria permanently present in endometrial scrapings and the decrease in Bacteroidota phylum bacteria in the group of animals with endometritis could be related to the occurrence of this disease. Bacteria Alloprevotella, Campylobacter, Caviibacter, Falsiporphyromonas, Veillonella present only in the endometrial tissue of sick cows may be the etiological origin of endometritis. In the rumen of animals with endometritis, there was an increase in Bacteroidota phylum microorganisms (p≤0.05) against a decrease in Firmicutes phylum bacteria (p≤0.05) compared to the clinically healthy group. Using the PICRUSt2 software package (v.2.3.0), it was shown that the microbiome of cows diagnosed with endometritis showed inhibition (p≤0.05) of the potential of 9 metabolic pathways compared to healthy animals. This could have negative consequences for the body of animals and be a consequence of metabolic disorders.
We present the results of our identification of eight objects from the preliminary catalogue of X-ray sources detected in the 4–12 keV energy band by the Mikhail Pavlinsky ART-XC telescope onboard ...the SRG observatory during the first all-sky survey. Three of them (SRGA J005751.0+210846, SRGA J
, SRGA J232446.8+440756) have been discovered by the ART-XC telescope, while five have already been known previously as X-ray sources, but their nature has remained unestablished. The last five sources have also been detected in soft X-rays by the eROSITA telescope of the SRG observatory. Our optical observations have been carried out at the 1.6-m AZT-33IK telescope of the Sayan Observatory and the 1.5-m Russian–Turkish telescope (RTT-150). All of the investigated objects have turned out to be active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at redshifts from 0.019 to 0.283. Six of them are Seyfert 2 galaxies (including one Seyfert 1.9 galaxy), one (SRGA J005751.0+210846) is a ‘‘hidden’’ AGN (in an edge-on galaxy), and one (SRGA J224125.9+760343) is a narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy. The latter object is characterized by a high X-ray luminosity (
erg s
in the 4–12 keV band) and, according to our black hole mass estimate (
), an accretion rate close to the Eddington limit. All three AGNs discovered by the ART-XC telescope (which are not detected by the eROSITA telescope) are characterized by a high absorption column density (
cm
). The results obtained confirm the expectations that the ART-XC telescope is an efficient instrument in searching for heavily obscured and other interesting AGNs in the nearby (
) Universe. The SRG sky survey will last for another 3 years or more, which must allow many such objects to be discovered.
—Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women. The study of the mechanisms of metastasis, the main cause of death from breast cancer, as well as the search for new markers for early ...diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer, is an extremely topical issue. New perspectives in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer are opened by the mechanisms of gene regulation involving non-coding RNAs, in particular, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). In this work, we analyzed the methylation levels of seven lncRNA genes (
MEG3
,
SEMA3B-AS1
,
HAND2-AS1
,
KCNK15-AS1
,
ZNF667-AS1
,
MAGI2-AS3
, and
PLUT
) by quantitative methyl-specific PCR on a set of 79 paired (tumor/normal) samples of breast cancer. Hypermethylation of all seven lncRNA genes was revealed, and hypermethylation of
HAND2-AS1
,
KCNK15-AS1
,
MAGI2-AS3
, and
PLUT
was detected in breast cancer for the first time. It was found that the level of methylation of the studied lncRNA genes correlated statistically significantly with the stage of the tumor process, the size of the tumor, and the presence of metastases in the lymph nodes. Thus, methylation of the seven studied lncRNA genes is associated with the development and progression of breast cancer, and these genes can be useful as potential markers in the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.
Ovarian cancer (OC) develops asymptomatically and escapes diagnosis until advanced stages, the feature contributing to a higher mortality rate. New prospects of OC diagnosis and treatment have been ...opened in studies of the gene regulation mechanisms that involve long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and identification of the lncRNA genes that are inhibited via methylation of the promoter region. A set of 122 samples of primary OC tumors was examined by methylation specific real-time PCR to assess the methylation level of the lncRNA genes
PLUT
,
SNHG1
,
SNHG6
,
SNHG12,
and
TINCR
. A significant increase in their methylation levels was observed in OC (
p
< 0.001 by the nonparametric Mann–Whitney test). The methylation levels of
SNHG6
,
SNHG12
, and
TINCR
were found to correlate significantly (
p
< 0.05) with the stage of the tumor process, the histological grade, and metastasis. Downregulation of
SNHG6
,
SNHG12
, and
TINCR
was detected by real-time RT–qPCR, and a significant correlation between methylation and expression was demonstrated for
SNHG6
and
TINCR
(
r
s
≤ –0.5,
p
< 0.001). The respective lncRNA genes were assumed to provide potential epigenetic markers of OC.
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