A new polymorph of the ReCl
3
(MeCN)(PPh
3
)
2
complex is synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD). Its recrystallization from the CH
2
Cl
2
/
R
OH (
R
= Me, Et) ...mixture is found to result in the formation of the Re
V
OCl
2
(O
R
)(PPh
3
)
2
– its oxidation product. The crystal structure of the new ReOCl
2
(OEt)(PPh
3
)
2
polymorph is determined by single crystal XRD.
This study investigates the characteristics of phase-like Cottrell atmospheres, which are carbohydride-like cosegregations of carbon and hydrogen, present at dislocations within the martensitic and ...ferritic components of high-strength austenitic steel with transformation-induced plasticity. The research addresses concerns related to aging, hydrogen embrittlement, and the degradation of certain steels during operational use. A key focus is placed on the development of an in-depth processing technique and analysis of the thermal-desorption spectra of hydrogen across several steel samples and iron (used as a reference material). The investigation involves employing thermodynamic analysis and a methodology for determining the thermodynamic parameters, including hydrogen concentrations, activation energies, and desorption-process rate constants. Additionally, the study aims to identify the nature of hydrogen traps by analyzing comprehensive thermal-desorption data. These findings are then compared with theoretical data and corresponding information obtained through three-dimensional atomic-probe tomography. The results demonstrate the potential formation of Cottrell carbohydride-like cosegregations of carbon and hydrogen at dislocations in both martensitic and ferritic phases within high-strength austenitic steel exhibiting high plasticity due to transformation. The research provides novel insights into the binding energies of hydrogen associated with carbohydride-like cosegregations of carbon and hydrogen along dislocations in these martensitic and ferritic phases.
Introduction. Aspergillus fumigatus is able not only to sensitize patients with atopy, but also to colonize the respiratory tract, remaining a constant source of allergens due to the small spore size ...and thermal tolerance. Currently, the role of micromycetes in the immunopathogenesis of asthma has been poorly studied. The objective was to evaluate the features of the immune response regulation in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) or asthma with sensitization to A. fumigatus. Materials and methods. There were enrolled 15 patients with ABPA, 10 patients with asthma with sensitization to A. fumigatus, 16 patients with asthma without sensitization to A. fumigatus. The control group consisted of 16 apparently healthy volunteers. All patients underwent a clinical and functional examination. The subpopulations of blood lymphocytes were assessed by flow cytometry. The A. fumigatus allergen was added to peripheral blood samples to evaluate the production of IFN, IL-10 and IL-13. The serum cytokine levels in cell culture supernatants, as well as total IgE, A. fumigatus-specific IgE (sIgE) as well as thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) level were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. Significantly higher serum levels of total IgE, A. fumigatus-specific sIgE and TARC were found in patients with ABPA and asthma with sensitization to A. fumigatus compared to patients with asthma without sensitization to A. fumigatus. The results of lymphocyte immunophenotyping revealed significant excess of memory Th2 cells and T-regulatory cells in all patients with asthma compared to the control group. The count of Tfh2 was higher but memory Th17.1 cells were lower in patients with sensitization to A. fumigatus compared to those of apparently healthy volunteers. Patients with ABPA had significantly higher count of memory Th2 cells and TARC level compared to patients with asthma sensitized to A. fumigatus. The increased activity of memory Th2 cells is confirmed by increased secretion of IL-13 and IL-10 following along with decreased IFN production in response to specific fungal allergen stimulation of blood cells compared to the patients with asthma and the control group. A positive correlation was revealed between the count of memory Th2 cells and the levels of sIgE, IgE, TARC, a negative correlation with FEV1. Conclusion. Thus, exposure to A. fumigatus significantly enhances the activity of memory Th2 cells in patients with asthma which can lead to severe disease course and development of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. The features of the immune response identified dictate a need for a personalized approach to choose therapeutic tactics in such patients.
The features of the ethnocultural landscape of the Anabar national (Dolgan-Evenk) ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are considered. Attention is paid to the main components of cultural ...landscapes: local communities and traditional economy. In the study area, the retrospective analysis made it possible to identify the dynamics of the number and settlement of residents, to state the modern functioning of two rural local communities: Saskylakh and Yuryung-khainsky. It is argued that the sustainability and preservation of traditional sectors of the economy are due to the adaptation of the local population to natural landscapes. It is noted that during the XX — early XXI centuries, the traditional economic activities of the indigenous population, represented by different ethnic groups that originally inhabited the territory of the ulus, remained unchanged and, despite all the socio-economic transformations, remain vital and common for the Anabarians. The article presents the results of the analysis of a sociological survey and an associative experiment, which revealed the features of the linguistic landscape of the area under consideration, depending on different layers of self-awareness: external, with a predominance of Russian-language text in the linguistic appearance of the settlements under study; individual, with a predominance of the Yakut language in intergroup communication; and the subconscious, which revealed the dominance of the Dolgan cultural codes. It has been established that the cultural landscape of the Anabar ulus is the result of centuries-old interaction of indigenous ethnic groups inhabiting this area: Dolgans, Evenks, Yakuts and Russians.
Methodological approaches and results of estimation of peak flow characteristics of the Iya River taking into account the extreme rainfall flood in the town of 2019, that led to the catastrophic ...flood in Tulun (the Irkutsk region), are considered. A hydrodynamic model considering the impact of hydraulic structures is proposed to determine the peak flow and to calculate flooding levels. The characteristics of peak flow are determined by various methods, including those considering several floods per year. It is recommended to obtain design values by generalizing the results of several methods of hydrological calculations.
Characteristics of zeolite ZSM-12 crystallization using methyltriethylammonium chloride and
N,N
-dimethyl-
N
-ethyl(monoethanol)ammonium bromide as templates have been studied. The materials have ...been characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence analysis, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, and solid-state
27
Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. It has been shown that dimethylethylethanolammonium bromide inhibits crystal growth along the
a
and
c
planes and thereby contributes to crystal growth only in the direction of the
b
axis, which, in turn, leads to lower surface area and acidity of the sample than the respective parameters of the zeolite synthesized using methyltriethylammonium chloride.
Guaiacol hydrogenation in an aqueous medium in the presence of a palladium catalyst supported on a mesoporous dendrimer-containing polymer and the effect of addition of sulfuric acid to the catalyst ...system have been studied. It has been found that the main hydrogenation product is 2-methoxycyclohexanol. After the addition of sulfuric acid to the catalyst system, the reaction mechanism significantly changes and cyclohexanol becomes the main hydrogenation product.
Ovarian cancer (OC) is mostly detected at late stages weighed down with metastasis, and the five-year survival rate of patients is only 30%, which dictates the necessity to develop gentler and more ...selectively targeted drugs that current chemotherapeutic agents. The search for factors that can influence on the activity of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint signaling pathway in tumors is relevant, and microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in it. Over the past 5 years, only a few miRNAs (miR-34a, miR-145, and miR-424), which have a regulatory effect on the PD-1/PD-L1 system in OC patients, have been discovered. In present work, the methylation levels of 13 miRNA genes in 26 primary tumors and 19 peritoneal metastases of OC patients were determined and compared with the level of the soluble form of PD-L1 (sPD-L1) in the blood plasma of the same patients. It was shown that the methylation levels of five miRNA genes (
MIR124-2
,
MIR34B
/
C
,
MIR9-1
,
MIR9-3
, and
MIR339
) in tumors are in direct correlation with the sPD-L1 level in the blood plasma. In addition, when analyzing these five genes, a significant association of the methylation level of the
MIR9-1
gene with a decrease in the three-year relapse-free survival, and a trend for decrease in the three-year survival rate with the methylation level of the
MIR124-2
gene of OC patients were determined. Thus, the first data suggesting the role of inhibitors of the sPD-L1 immune checkpoint for five miRNAs (miR-124, miR-34b, miR-34c, miR-9, miR-339) and the possibility of using hypermethylated
MIR9-1
and, presumably,
MIR124-2
genes as independent prognostic markers of poor disease-free survival in OC patients were obtained.
Despite considerable progress in the early-stage diagnostics and treatment of breast cancer (BC), there is a high chance of recurrence. The existing methods for relapse detection are not suitable for ...early detection, since they require invasive procedures and are not able to promptly accompany treatment. A promising method is the so-called liquid biopsy based on the analysis of genetic material from peripheral blood, in particular, the fraction of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of blood plasma. Determination of mutations, copy number, and methylation of individual genes in cfDNA makes it possible to trace changes both in the tumor focus and in the pathological process as a whole. Moreover, the method is minimally invasive and characterized by good accuracy and promptness. The present review summarizes the published data on the prognostic and predictive value of epigenetic markers based on the analysis of gene methylation in plasma or serum cfDNA of BC patients. It was demonstrated that genes hypermethylated in cfDNA (
RASSF1A
,
RARB
,
SOX17
,
WNT5A
, etc.) can serve as effective markers of overall and tumor-specific survival and chemoresistance. An important advantage of methylation markers, in contrast to markers based on single nucleotide substitutions, microsatellites, and copy number variations, is universality, early manifestation, and clear association with the biology of the pathological process. DNA methylation analysis of the most effective markers can solve the problem of early detection of metastasis and recurrence of the disease and promptly monitor the response to neoadjuvant and postoperative chemotherapy, which is the basis for a personalized approach to the treatment of BC patients.
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