Forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) has been grown in diverse climate variations, in warm and dry regions, or in regions with short drought periods. Thus, there is a need to select sorghum genotypes ...adapted to production systems under drought or rainy irregularities. This study evaluated the direct and indirect correlations among morphophysiological and productive characters of forage sorghum genotypes with Pearson’s correlation and path analysis. The experiment was designed under complete randomized blocks, with 25 treatments (genotypes) and three replicates. Analyzes of phenotypic correlation and the path analysis were done for plant height, panicle length, stem diameter, plant stand, green matter and dry matter yields, stem weight, plant weight, panicle weight, dry matter content, and forage mass. Plant weight presented the most significant direct effect on the forage mass (target variable), contributing to the increase in forage sorghum production. Therefore, heavier plants are more suitable to select forage sorghum genotypes indirectly, aiming to increase forage mass.
ABSTRACT Maize is importance in the semiarid region due to its forage potential. However, the large number of hybrids on the market hampers the selection of the hybrid by the producer. Given the ...above, the objective of this paper is to identify genotypes with productive potential for forage and grain production according to the characteristics of the semiarid region of Brazil. Twenty genotypes with different genotypic classes were evaluated in two years (2018 and 2019) in the municipality of Gracho Cardoso, state of Sergipe. The experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with two replicates. Genotype characteristics, grain yield, and forage mass were evaluated and the results were estimated using mixed models and GT Biplots. The genotypic classes consisting of topcrosses and intervarietal hybrids showed high average grain yield and the three classes produced equally on average for forage mass. It was observed that the HI, HTC, and V genotypic classes were the most responsive for grain yield, forage mass, and dry matter content, respectively. Therefore, it is concluded that the genetically broad-based hybrids (HTC and HI) were the most promising for the semiarid of region of Sergipe, while interspecific hybrids were the most productive and stable.
In cattle production systems, the main forage used as animal feed is maize silage. ...making good quality silage requires proper fermentation, a large amount of grains, and high dry matter contents ...(Neumann et al., 2017). During drought periods, animal feed is maintained mainly through ensiled forage, which can be properly conserved under drought conditions (Giachini et al., 2020). ...the evaluation and selection of new genotypes that produce good-quality forage is extremely important for the supply of animal feed during drought (Simoes et al., 2017). In the municipality of Gracho Cardoso, sowing is indicated between April 1st and June 20th, although these dates vary according to the soil type and cultivar indicated. ...the objective of this study was to identify genotypes with productive potential for forage and grain production according to the characteristics of the semiarid region of Brazil. According to the national grain yield estimate of IBGE/SIDRA, the third 2018/19 maize crop season presented yields of 3.189 Kg/ha (2018) and 4.838 Kg/ha (2019) in Sergipe; 1.924 Kg/ha (2018) and 2.473 Kg/ha (2019) in Alagoas, and 1.236Kg/ha (2018) and 2.487 Kg/ha (2019) in northeastern Bahia.
O sorgo (Sorghum L. moench) é uma poaceae com características morfofisiológicas que conferem adaptaçãoàs condições de deficiência hídrica, o que a torna uma alternativa promissora para o Alto Sertão ...Sergipano.Uma maneira de selecionar materiais promissores de sorgo no melhoramento é analisar as correlações entreas variáveis morfológicas. Assim, objetivou-se utilizar a análise de trilha para seleção indireta de sorgoforrageiro com base nas características morfológicas na região do Alto Sertão Sergipano. O experimento foiconduzido na fazenda experimental da Embrapa Semiárido, em Nossa Senhora da Glória (SE), comdelineamento experimental em blocos casualizados e três repetições. Foram utilizados 16 tratamentos, sendo quatro testemunhas comerciais e 12 híbridos experimentais, total de 48 parcelas. As variáveis estudadas foram altura de planta, diâmetro do colmo, comprimento da panícula, estande final, peso do colmo, peso da folha, peso da panícula, peso da planta, matéria fresca, matéria seca, porcentagem de matéria seca e massa de forragem. Houve variabilidade entre os genótipos, e correlações fenotípicas fortes e positivas do peso da planta com peso do colmo, diâmetro do colmo e massa de forragem de 0,99, 0,92 e 0,78, respectivamente. A análise de trilha mostrou que o peso da planta apresentou maior correlação positiva (0,798) e alto efeito direto sobre a massa de forragem (0,949). Assim, recomenda-se a seleção indireta de sorgo com base na característica fenotípica maior massa de forragem, por meio do maior peso de planta.
In this bioremediation study, the fungus
sp. isolated from kefir grains was evaluated for its resistance to copper in the culture medium.
sp. was cultivated in liquid medium prepared using 2% ...malt-agar at pH 7.0. Biomass of the fungus was significantly reduced, but only when 800 mg·L
of Cu(NO
)
copper nitrate was used. The effect on radial growth of the fungus in experiments combining different pH values and the inorganic contaminant showed an inhibition of 73% at pH 4.0, 75% at pH 7.0 and 77% at pH 9.0 in liquid medium. Thus, even though the growth of
sp. could be inhibited with relatively high doses of copper nitrate, images obtained with scanning electron microscopy showed the preservation of fungal cell integrity. Therefore, it can be concluded that
sp. isolated from kefir grains can survive while performing bioremediation to minimize the negative effects of copper on the environment through biosorption.
In this bioremediation study, the fungus Penicillium sp. isolated from kefir grains was evaluated for its resistance to copper in the culture medium. Penicillium sp. was cultivated in liquid medium ...prepared using 2% malt-agar at pH 7.0. Biomass of the fungus was significantly reduced, but only when 800 mg·Lsup.−1 of Cu(NOsub.3 )sub.2 copper nitrate was used. The effect on radial growth of the fungus in experiments combining different pH values and the inorganic contaminant showed an inhibition of 73% at pH 4.0, 75% at pH 7.0 and 77% at pH 9.0 in liquid medium. Thus, even though the growth of Penicillium sp. could be inhibited with relatively high doses of copper nitrate, images obtained with scanning electron microscopy showed the preservation of fungal cell integrity. Therefore, it can be concluded that Penicillium sp. isolated from kefir grains can survive while performing bioremediation to minimize the negative effects of copper on the environment through biosorption.
A logística cada vez mais se mostra como essencial para o agronegócio, dado que os produtores rurais se preocupam com a minimização dos custos relacionados aos diversos processos nas propriedades. Os ...processos logísticos envolvem custos econômicos e ambientais, devido ao alto consumo de combustível. Este artigo visa a investigação da melhor localização para implantação de uma central de biodigestão compartilhada, de forma a minimizar as distâncias a serem percorridas pelos veículos que buscarão os resíduos orgânicos em diferentes localidades, visando o abastecimento dos biodigestores para produção de biogás. A metodologia proposta para esta abordagem consiste na aplicação de dois métodos, o método de centro de gravidades e o de localização de facilidade (p-medianas). Foram utilizados dados de coordenadas geográficas (Latitude e Longitude) e de distâncias entre os produtores rurais considerados. Tal metodologia possibilitou identificar opções de locais para instalação de uma central de biodigestão compartilhada entre produtores rurais de suinocultura na região de Toledo-PR, de forma a otimizar as distâncias e os volumes de dejetos coletados e enviados para esta central. Os resultados evidenciaram que esta metodologia facilita o processo de coleta e destinação de dejetos gerados nas propriedades, fazendo com que os produtores minimizem os custos de transporte e a distância total percorrida, ao mesmo tempo atendendo toda a demanda.
The objective was to determine the phytochemical composition and evaluate the in silico and in vivo biocidal activity of the essential oil of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf in an Aedes aegypti ...model. The phytochemical composition was analyzed using Gas Chromatography coupled to the Mass Spectrometer, while molecular docking was used to evaluate the potential for inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase. The ovicidal, larvicidal, and adulticidal activities were investigated to evaluate the capacity of the essential oil to inhibit egg hatching and to cause mortality in larvae and adults of A. aegypti. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of 11 different compounds, with emphasis on β-myrcene (24.03%), β-citral (27.45%), and Neral (35.36%). In molecular docking, the compounds Geraniol (3.96%) and Linalool (2.77%) proved to be the best inhibitors. As for insecticidal activities, the essential oil of C. citratus was effective in inhibiting the hatching of A. aegypti eggs and was highly toxic to larvae. However, toxicity in adults of A. aegypti was incipient. These results indicate that the essential oil of C. citratus has potential as a candidate for the development of new insecticides aimed at controlling the immature stages of A. aegypti, possibly due to the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase.
