Stressed organisms identify intracellular molecules released from damaged cells due to trauma or pathogen infection as components of the innate immune response. These molecules called DAMPs ...(Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns) are extracellular ATP, sugars, and extracellular DNA, among others. Animals and plants can recognize their own DNA applied externally (self-exDNA) as a DAMP with a high degree of specificity. However, little is known about the microalgae responses to damage when exposed to DAMPs and specifically to self-exDNAs. Here we compared the response of the oilseed microalgae Neochloris oleoabundans to self-exDNA, with the stress responses elicited by nonself-exDNA, methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCOsub.3). We analyzed the peroxidase enzyme activity related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the production of polyphenols, lipids, triacylglycerols, and phytohormones. After 5 min of addition, self-exDNA induced peroxidase enzyme activity higher than the other elicitors. Polyphenols and lipids were increased by self-exDNA at 48 and 24 h, respectively. Triacylglycerols were increased with all elicitors from addition and up to 48 h, except with nonself-exDNA. Regarding phytohormones, self-exDNA and MeJA increased gibberellic acid, isopentenyladenine, and benzylaminopurine at 24 h. Results show that Neochloris oleoabundans have self-exDNA specific responses.
The anomalous origin of pulmonary branches is a rare entity where, either the right or the left pulmonary arteries arise from the ascending aorta and where the aortic and pulmonary valves are ...separated. Clinical manifestations usually appear in the infant or, more rarely, in the newborn and include respiratory distress or congestive heart failure due to increased pulmonary resistance.The survival rate in an Indian series was 94% with the death of one patient from Fallot tetralogy. We have treated five patients with this congenital heart disease in 20 years; the survival rate was of 80% and in all survival cases, the systolic pressure was significantly decreased. The current treatment of choice, consisting of the anatomical correction with translocation of the right pulmonary artery to the pulmonary trunk, was first performed by Kirkpatrick in 1961.The aim of this paper is to show the Mexican experience in the diagnosis and treatment of the anomalous origin of pulmonary branches from the ascending aorta. CONCLUSIONEarly surgery with timely correction of this congenital heart disease improves the prognosis and survival rate of patients, with a reduction in pulmonary hypertension.<Learning objective: This article reports a series of cases of anomalous origin of the pulmonary branches from the ascending aorta. This is a rare congenital anomaly of difficult clinical diagnosis that is often accompanied by other associated anomalies. The diagnosis is based on image studies such as computed tomography and echocardiography and the hemodynamic evaluation is essential to determine a surgical procedure. The surgical treatment consists of the anatomists of the pulmonary branch to the pulmonary trunk.>.
Asthma symptoms have been associated with sex steroids. During childhood, this illness seems more frequent in boys than in girls and this tendency reverts in puberty when it is more severe in women. ...Testosterone (TES), at supraphysiological concentrations, relaxed pre-contracted airway smooth muscle, but its effects at physiological concentrations have not been thoroughly studied. We explored this possibility in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle. In myocytes TES (10 nM) abolished carbachol (CCh)-induced intracellular Ca
concentration (Ca
i) increment. Ca
responses to ATP were partially modified by TES while histamine's were not. These results indicate that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP
) signaling pathway might be involved. Photolysis of caged-IP
increased Ca
i and TES abolished this effect. TES diminished reactivity of the smooth muscle to CCh and this effect was non-genomic since it was unchanged by flutamide. In tracheal smooth muscle, mRNA for each IP
receptor (ITPR) isoform was found and, by immunofluorescence, ITPR1 and ITPR3 seems to be the main isoforms observed while ITPR2 was less prominent. Comparing the amino acid sequence of ITPR1 and the sequence of the TES binding site on the androgen receptor, we found that they share a short sequence. This domain could be responsible for the TES binding to the ITPR1 and probably for its blocking effect. We conclude that TES modifies ITPR1 function in airway smooth muscle, turning this tissue less reactive to contractile agonists that act through PLCβ-IP
signaling cascade. These results might be related to the low asthma prevalence in males from puberty to adulthood.
Heterosigma akashiwo is the only raphidophyte described for Chilean waters. A recent 2021 fish-killing bloom event of this raphidophyte ignited scientific research, but the ichthyotoxic mechanism and ...environmental conditions that promote its growth are still unclear. This is the first study confirming the occurrence of H. akashiwo in Chilean waters on the basis of the region D1/D2 of the 28S ribosomal gene. The pigment signature of the CREAN_HA03 strain revealed chlorophyll-a, fucoxanthin, and violaxanthin as the most abundant pigments, but profiles were variable depending on culture and field conditions. A factorial temperature–salinity growth experiment showed a maximal growth rate of 0.48 dsup.−1 at 17 °C and 35 in salinity, but reached a maximal cell abundance of ~50,000 cells mLsup.−1 at 12 °C and 25 in salinity. The fatty acid profile included high levels of saturated (16:0) and polyunsaturated (18:4 ω3; 20:5 ω3) fatty acids, but superoxide production in this strain was low (~0.3 pmol Osup.2– cellsup.−1 hsup.−1 ). The RTgill-W1 bioassay showed that the H. akashiwo strain was cytotoxic only at high cell concentrations (>47,000 cells mLsup.−1 ) and after cell rupture. In conclusion, salmon mortality during H. akashiwo bloom events in Patagonian fjords is likely explained by the high production of long-chain PUFAs at high cell densities, but only in the presence of high ROS production.
Ammonobasic reactive sublimation (ARS) is proposed as a novel method to synthesize GaN and related oxides. Results indicate that GaN growth occurs by a nitriding process of Ga and related oxides, ...establishing a direct dependence on NH4OH amount added as a primary chemical reactive. The samples were grown on p-type Si (111) substrates inside a tube furnace, employing GaN powder and NH4OH. The characterizations of the samples were carried out by XRD, SEM, EDS and PL techniques, revealing the influence of NH4OH on the improvement of GaN synthesis and the enhancement of its optical and structural properties.
The yellow-tail (Mugil galapagensis) and black-tail mullet (M. thoburni) are the Galapagos artisanal finfish fishery's most commercially important mugilids species. Despite this, knowledge about ...their biological characteristics is scarce and limited. In this study, the basic biological parameters of M. galapagensis and M. thoburni were estimated using empirical equations for combined sex based on total length (TL, cm) data from landings on Santa Cruz Island. The von Bertalanffy growth parameters for M. galapagensis were L∞ = 69.14 cm TL, k = 0.204 yr-1, φ' = 2.989, and t0 = -0.658 years, and for M. thoburni were L∞ = 62.26 cm TL, k = 0.218 yr-1, φ' = 2.927 and t0 = -0.631 years. The size (L50%) and age (t50%) at maturity were estimated at 35.80 cm TL (2.92 years) and 32.41 cm TL (2.74 years) for M. galapagensis and M. thoburni, respectively. The theoretical maximum age (tmax) and natural mortality (M) for M. galapagensis were 12.28 years and 0.32 yr-1, respectively. While for M. thoburni, both parameters were 11.28 years and 0.35 yr-1. In conclusion, both mugilids species have slow growth, reach sexual maturity at about three years, are moderately long-lived, and have a slightly high natural mortality.
Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody employed for the treatment of CD20-positive B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with ...polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. It binds specifically to the CD20 antigen expressed on pre-B and consequently on mature B-lymphocytes of both normal and malignant cells, inhibiting their proliferation through apoptosis, CDC, and ADCC mechanisms. The immunomodulatory activity of rituximab is closely related to critical quality attributes that characterize its chemical composition and spatial configuration, which determine the recognition of CD20 and the binding to receptors or factors involved in its effector functions, while regulating the potential immunogenic response. Herein, we present a physicochemical and biological characterization followed by a pharmacodynamics and immunogenicity study to demonstrate comparability between two products containing rituximab. The physicochemical and biological characterization revealed that both products fit within the same response intervals exhibiting the same degree of variability. With regard to clinical response, both products depleted CD20+ B-cells until posttreatment recovery and no meaningful differences were found in their pharmacodynamic profiles. The evaluation of anti-chimeric antibodies did not show differential immunogenicity among products. Overall, these data confirm that similarity of critical quality attributes results in a comparable immunomodulatory activity.
•Our research proposes a new mathematical formulation to skin rigidity based on the laws of non-linear elasticity in anisotropic systems that reflect real skin properties. This formulation is ...presented for the first time in the literature.•We use digital holographic interferometry to measure out of plane displacement fields from samples of UV exposed skin: different timings and amounts of radiation are considered.•The rigidity measurements were made on fresh skin to guarantee a precise approximation of the rigidity (and its variations).•Our results suggest an increment in rigidity under prolonged exposure to UV radiation, confirming the reported results in previous works in which a reduction in elasticity was found with the ageing of the skin.•The rigidity values obtained for fresh pig skin can serve as reference values in future works that deal with the characterization of tissues and their associated diseases.
The skin elasticity is a relevant biomechanical property that can be related to different physiological processes and diseases: hence, it is important to understand and characterize the mechanisms that affect the skin pathologies. In this work, an analysis of the rigidity variations of porcine skin caused by exposure to ultraviolet radiation is presented. For this purpose digital holographic interferometry (dhi) is used as a non-invasive optical technique to study these skin affectations. A new mathematical scheme for the skin rigidity variations was developed and the experimental data was used to study and determine the rigidity coefficients for the samples before and after ultraviolet exposure of the skin. The results after high doses of ultraviolet radiation at 8 mW/cm2 UVA, 8 mW/cm2 UVB and 10 mW/cm2 UVC for periods of 3 min showed that these rigidity coefficients increased above 100% (more than twice) their value after the ultraviolet exposure. The latter suggests a considerable reduction of the porcine skin elasticity when exposed to high doses of ultraviolet radiation, a feature that has been proved to lead to skin melanoma.
PDF
