The number of Population of Guinea residents in Spain has increased significantly; however, there are no studies that analyze their awareness of transplantation and especially living kidney donation.
...To analyze the attitude toward living kidney donation among the Spanish resident population born in Guinea.
People born in Guinea and residents in Spain were included in this study. A sample of population older than 15 years was obtained randomly and stratified by age and sex. Attitude was assessed using a validated questionnaire on psychosocial aspects with respect to living kidney donation (PCID-DVR-Rios).
Of the 170 respondents, 68% of respondents are in favor of related living kidney donation. The remaining 32% were against it or undecided. The results of the multivariable analysis indicated that respondents who were in favor of cadaveric organ donation and transplantation had a probability of being in favor of living kidney donation 10 times greater than those who were not in favor, and that respondents who had collaborated in prosocial activities had a probability of being in favor of living kidney donation that was 10,638 times greater than those who have not collaborated and will not collaborate in the future.
The attitude toward related living kidney donation among the population born in Guinea and residing in Spain is not very favorable compared with studies of attitude in the European and Spanish population, and it is associated with psychosocial factors.
•The attitude toward living kidney donation (LKD) among Guinea-native Spanish population is not very favorable overall.•Among Guineans residing in Spain, the attitude toward LKD is associated with psychosocial factors.•Collaboration in prosocial activities is associated with a favorable attitude toward LKD.
The involvement of health professionals from their training period is important for the promotion of living liver donation. There are data that indicate that the awareness of living donation is lower ...in areas with high rates of deceased donation.
To analyze the attitude toward living liver donation among Spanish medical students, according to donation rates of their regions.
Population under study: Medical students in Spanish universities. Database of the Collaborative International Donor Project, stratified by geographic area and academic course. The completion was anonymous and self-administered. Groups under study: group 1 (n = 1136): students in universities of regions with >50 donors per million population (pmp); group 2 (n = 2018): students in region universities with <40 donors pmp. Assessment instrument: the attitude questionnaire for living liver donation Proyecto Colaborativo Internacional Donante sobre Donación de Vivo Hepático-Ríos (PCID-DVH Ríos).
The attitude toward related liver donation is more favorable among the students of regions with <40 donors pmp than among those of >50 donors pmp. Thus, in group 1, a total of 88% (n = 1002) of students are in favor compared with 91% (n = 1831) of group 2 (P=.02). The psychosocial profile of each study group about their attitude toward living related liver donation is analyzed. There is a similar profile between the 2 groups, although there are differences in some variables such as age, a belief that one might need a transplant, family discussion about donation and transplantation, discussion with friends about donation and transplantation, and knowing about a donor.
The awareness of living related donation among Spanish medical students is greater among the regions with lower organ donation rates.
•The awareness of related living donation among Spanish medical students is greater among the regions with lower organ donation rates.•The psychosocial profile of each study group about their attitude toward living related liver donation is similar.•There are differences in some variables such as age, a belief that one might need a transplant, family discussion about donation and transplantation, discussion with friends about donation and transplantation, and knowing about a donor.•No differences in attitude are observed depending on donation rates of their geographic area.
The awareness of organ donation among health professionals is important at the time of transplant promotion. In this sense, the training and awareness of the professionals in training is fundamental.
...To analyze the differences in the attitude toward organ donation and the factors that condition it among medical students of regions with donation rates >50 donors per million population (pmp) with respect to those with rates <40 donor pmp.
Population under study: medical students in Spanish universities. Database of the Collaborative International Donor Project, stratified by geographic area and academic course. The completion was anonymous and self-administered. Groups under study: Group 1 (n = 1136): students in universities of regions with >50 donors pmp. Group 2 (n = 2018): university students in regions with <40 donors pmp. Assessment instrument: attitude questionnaire for organ donation for transplant PCID-DTO-Ríos.
The attitude toward organ donation for transplantation is similar among students from the autonomous communities with >50 donors pmp and with <40 donors pmp. In group 1, 79% (n = 897) of students are in favor compared with 81% (n = 1625) of group 2 (P=.29). The psychosocial profile toward donation is similar in both groups relating to the following variables (P < .05): sex, having discussed transplantation with family and as a couple, considering the possibility of needing a transplant, involvement in prosocial activities, attitude toward the manipulation of corpses, knowledge of the brain death concept, and religion.
The awareness of organ donation in Spanish medical students is quite homogeneous and is not related to the local donation rates of each region.
•The awareness of organ donation in Spanish medical students is quite homogeneous and is not related to the local donation rates of each region.•The attitude toward organ donation for transplantation is similar among students from the autonomous communities with > 50 donors per million population (pmp) and with < 40 donors pmp.•In both groups, the attitude toward own organ donation at death is related to all psychosocial variables analyzed.•Only a few years ago pmp donation ceilings were proposed, and now they are currently exceeded.•Obtaining high donation rates does not guarantee its persistence over time, so the process must be permanently promoted.
Ladder diagram (LD) is a common programming language at industry in order to develops control algorithms of discrete event systems. Besides, it is one of the five programming languages supported by ...the International Electrotechnical Commission through the IEC-61131-3 standard. Petri net (PN) theory is both a graphical and mathematical tool, which allows modeling discrete event systems in order to obtain a useful formalization to analyze them in a better way. LD control algorithms are continuously developed based on the experience of control system developers. Therefore, it is still a relevant problem on how to formalize a validation for the current and new control algorithms. In the present work, an element-to-element transformation methodology from a LD program to a PN structure is proposed. The original part of this manuscript is the proposal of five PN structures where their markings represent the states and dynamic behavior of energized and de-energized coils, which are not included in previous works. Furthermore, this methodology preserves the structural and dynamical behavior of the LD in the obtained PN. Two control algorithms of real cases are transformed using the proposed methodology.
Because personal decisions affect the availability of organs for transplants, awareness about organ donations among the general population is fundamental.
To analyze attitudes toward organ donation ...among the citizens of Havana, Cuba.
The sample population was the residents of the city of Havana, Cuba. The inclusion criterion was being older than 15 years; the sample was obtained randomly and stratified by age and sex. Attitude was assessed using a validated questionnaire on psychosocial aspects of organ donation and transplant (PCID-DTO-Ríos). A random selection of people to be surveyed was carried out.
A sample of 920 respondents was included in the study. Attitude toward cadaveric donation was favorable in 68% of respondents, while 14% were against and 18% were undecided. Several variables were associated with having a more favorable attitude. In the multivariate analysis, the following variables continue to feature as independent variables (P < .05): 1. level of studies; 2. knowledge of the concept of brain death; 3. attitude toward organ donation of a relative; 4. having discussed the issue of organ donation and transplantation with one's family; 5. the attitude of the couple toward organ donation and transplantation; 6. the religion of the respondent; 7. knowing the opinion of one's religion toward organ transplantation; 8. fear of manipulation of the body after death; and 9. acceptance of burial as a treatment of the body after the death.
The attitude toward cadaveric organ donation among the residents of Havana is favorable and similar to that of the citizens of Spain. Improving the organ procurement system will increase donation rates given the population's awareness of the issue.
•Most Cubans of Havana are in favor of cadaveric organ donation.•The level of studies is associated with the attitude toward organ donation in the citizens of Havana (Cuba).•Knowledge of the concept of brain death is associated with being in favor of organ donation.
The Bolivian population is growing in Spain. The knowledge and acceptance of the concept of brain death are fundamental.
To analyze the level of understanding of the brain death concept among the ...population of Bolivians residing in Spain.
The study population was Bolivians living in Spain. The inclusion criteria were being older than 15 years, being born in Bolivia, and residing in Spain; participants were selected randomly from this group and stratified by age and sex. Knowledge of the concept of brain death was assessed using a validated questionnaire on psychosocial aspects toward organ donation. A group of people to be surveyed was randomly selected. Assistance from immigration support associations in Spain was needed to advise on the location of potential respondents. The survey was self-administered and completed anonymously.
Of the 206 respondents, 27% understood brain death (BD) and believed that this was the death of an individual. Of the rest, 18% did not understand it and the remaining 55% believed it did not mean the death of a patient. Those who understood the concept of BD were more in favor of deceased donation than those who did not (52% vs 47%; P = .886). None of the sociopersonal variables analyzed is associated with knowledge of the concept of BD. A high percentage of respondents indicated fear of apparent death during organ donation.
The majority of the Bolivian population residing in Spain does not understand the concept of BD. Contrary to most psychosocial studies, it is not associated with attitudes toward organ donation or other sociopersonal factors.
•Half of Bolivians living in Spain do not understand the concept of brain death (BD).•Those in favor of donation/transplant have a greater knowledge of the concept of BD.•Many Bolivians have expressed a fear of apparent death.
Immigrants from Ecuador represent the largest group of Latin Americans in Spain and are, therefore, a subgroup of interest to understand their attitudes and influences in respect to organ donation ...and transplantation.
To analyze the attitude of nationals of Ecuador residing in Spain regarding deceased organ donation.
The study population included the Ecuadorian population residing in Spain. A sample of population older than 15 years was obtained randomly and stratified by age and sex (n=461). Attitude was assessed using a validated questionnaire on psychosocial aspects toward organ donation (PCID-DTO-Ríos). Assistance from immigration support associations in Spain was needed to advice on the location of potential respondents.
Attitude toward cadaveric donation was favorable in 59% (n=271) of respondents, 12% (n=57) were against cadaveric donation, and 29% (n=133) were undecided. Several variables were associated with having a more favorable attitude. In the multivariate analysis, the following variables were independently associated with a more positive attitude toward organ donation: 1. level of formal education (odds ratio OR=6.849 25.641–1.818; P = .004); 2. being in favor of donating a family member's organs (OR=8.849 20.833–3.717; P < .001); 3. having commented at a family level about transplant (OR=3.717 6.578–2.109; P < .001); 4. not being concerned about the possible mutilation of the body after donation (OR=4.608 8.547–2.487; P < .001) and 5. knowing the attitude of one's religion toward donation (OR=7.462 34.482–1.623; P = .010).
The attitude toward cadaveric organ donation among the Ecuadorian population residing in Spain is less favorable than that of the Spanish population and is determined by many different psychosocial variables.
•The attitude toward organ donation of Ecuadorian residents in Spain is less positive than that of the native Spanish population.•The attitude toward cadaveric organ donation is associated with certain psychosocial variables.•Among Ecuadorians in Spain, a high percentage are not in favor of cadaveric organ donation.
The Bolivian population is growing in Spain. Xenotransplantation of organs and/or tissues carries many social and cultural implications. It is important to find out the level of acceptance of ...xenotransplantation in immigrant populations, especially in populations where there are preclinical trials.
The objective of the study is to analyze the attitude toward xenotransplantation of organs and tissues in the Bolivian population residing in Spain and the variables that influence their attitude.
We selected a sample of the Bolivian population living in Spain. A sample of the population older than 15 years was obtained randomly and stratified by age and sex. Attitude was assessed using a validated questionnaire on psychosocial aspects toward xenotransplantation (PCID-XENOTX-Ríos).
Of the 206 respondents, 26% of respondents are in favor of xenotransplantation of organs if it was assumed that xenotransplanted organs functioned as well as human ones. If the results were worse, only 6% would be in favor. The following factors were associated with this attitude: (1) level of education (P = .008), (2) a favorable attitude toward human donation (P = .004), (3) a partner's favorable attitude toward transplantation (P < .001), and (4) a belief that one might need a transplant in the future (P = .01). The following were associated with attitude in the multivariate analysis: (1) having secondary education (odds ratio, 3.690; P = .004) and (2) a partner's favorable attitude toward transplantation (odds ratio, 6.024; P = .003).
The attitude of Bolivian residents in Spain toward xenotransplantation is negative and is determined by educational and family factors.
•The attitude of Bolivians toward xenotransplantation is negative.•The attitude toward xenotransplantation is determined by educational factors.•The attitude toward xenotransplantation is determined by family factors.
Xenotransplantation carries many social and cultural implications. The immigrant population in countries with xenotransplantation programs, such as Spain and the United States, will play an important ...role in accepting such therapy. The objective of the study is to analyze the attitude toward xenotransplantation among the Dominican population residing in the United States and Spain.
The study population was born in the Dominican Republic and resides in the southeastern United States and Spain. A sample population older than 15 years was obtained randomly and stratified by age and sex. Attitude was assessed using a validated questionnaire on psychosocial aspects toward xenotransplantation (PCID-XENOTx-Ríos). A random selection of people to be surveyed was carried out. Assistance from immigration support associations was needed to advise on the location of potential respondents.
A total of 123 respondents were included in the study: A sample was taken of residents of the population from the Dominican Republic residing in Florida, United States (n = 66), and in Spain (n = 57). If it was assumed that xenotransplanted organs functioned as well as human ones, 30% would be in favor. If the results were worse, only 7% would be in favor. This favorable attitude was related to the following variables (P < .05): level of education, an attitude in favor of deceased and living organ donation, and having spoken about donation and transplantation within the family.
The attitude toward xenotransplantation among the population from the Dominican Republic who are residing in the southeastern United States and Spain is unfavorable.
•Acceptance of xenotransplant is unfavorable among Dominicans.•Favorable attitude toward xenotransplantation is related to psychosocial factors.•Attitude toward xenotransplantation among Dominican immigrants is similar in Spain and the United States.
The Ecuadorian population is the largest Latin-American immigrant group in Spain. Currently, several Ecuadorians have received transplants or are awaiting transplants in Spain. The aim of this work ...was to analyze the attitude toward living kidney donation among the Ecuadorian population residing in Spain.
The population screened were born in Ecuador, residing in Spain, and >15 years old, stratified by gender and age, and appraised with the use of the questionnaire on attitude toward organ donation for transplantation “PCID-DVR-Ríos.” Support from immigration associations in Spain was used to advise on the location of potential respondents. The completion was anonymous and self-administered. Verbal consent was obtained. Statistics included Student t test, χ2, Fisher exact test, and logistic regression analysis.
A total of 461 respondents were included: 80% (n = 367) were in favor of living-related kidney donation (for a relative or close friend). This attitude was associated with psychosocial variables that persisted in the multivariate study: 1) female gender (odds ratio OR, 3.086; P = .001); 2) considering oneself a potential kidney receptor in the future (OR, 16.949; P = .002); 3) economic incentive in the donation (OR, 100; P = .004); and 4) knowing the attitude of their religion toward transplantation (OR, 32.258; P < .001).
Living-related donation is accepted among the Ecuadorian population residing in Spain and is associated with sociopersonal and religious factors.
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