The plant microbiota can affect host fitness via the emission of microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) that influence growth and development. However, evidence of these molecules and their ...effects in plants from arid ecosystems is limited.
We screened the mVOCs produced by 40 core and representative members of the microbiome of agaves and cacti in their interaction with Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana. We used SPME‐GC‐MS to characterize the chemical diversity of mVOCs and tested the effects of selected compounds on growth and development of model and host plants.
Our study revealed that approximately 90% of the bacterial strains promoted plant growth both in A. thaliana and N. benthamiana. Bacterial VOCs were mainly composed of esters, alcohols, and S‐containing compounds with 25% of them not previously characterized. Remarkably, ethyl isovalerate, isoamyl acetate, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, benzyl alcohol, 2‐phenylethyl alcohol, and 3‐(methylthio)‐1‐propanol, and some of their mixtures, displayed beneficial effects in A. thaliana and also improved growth and development of Agave tequilana and Agave salmiana in just 60 days.
Volatiles produced by bacteria isolated from agaves and cacti are promising molecules for the sustainable production of crops in arid and semi‐arid regions.
Organic volatile compounds produced by bacteria associated with desert plants, such as agaves and cacti, promote growth and development of model and host plants. The identified molecules and their mixtures, among them ethyl isovalerate, isoamyl acetate, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, benzyl alcohol, 2‐phenylethyl alcohol, and 3‐(methylthio)‐1‐propanol, can be used to enhance plant productivity, as well as to reveal the mechanisms underpinning plant‐microbe communication and the ecological relevance of microbial volatiles in arid environments.
Within the cell nucleus, in the nucleoli, ribosomal RNAs are synthesized and participate in several biological processes. To better understand nucleoli‐related processes, their visualization is often ...required, for which specific markers are needed. Herein, we report the design of novel fluorescent organotin compounds derived from 4‐hydroxy‐N′‐((2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)methylene)benzohydrazide and their cytoplasm and nucleoli staining of B16F10 cells in vitro. Tin compounds bearing an aliphatic carbon chain (‐C12H25) and an electron‐donating group (‐OH) were prepared, and the latter could be derivatized to bear the boron cluster anions B12H122− and 3,3′‐Co(1,2‐C2B9H11)2− (COSAN). All of the conjugates have been fully characterized and their luminescence properties have been assessed. In general, they show good quantum yields in solution (24–49 %), those for the COSAN derivatives being lower. Remarkably, the linking of B12H122− and COSAN to the complexes made them more soluble, without being detrimental to their luminescence properties. Living B16F10 cells were treated with all of the compounds to determine their fluorescence staining properties; the compounds bearing the aliphatic chain showed a reduced staining capacity due to the formation of aggregates. Notably, the complexes bearing different boron clusters showed different staining effects; those bearing B12H122− showed extraordinary staining of the nucleoli and cytoplasm, whereas those bearing COSAN were only detected in the cytoplasm. The remarkable fluorescence staining properties shown by these organotin compounds make them excellent candidates for fluorescence bioimaging in vitro.
Selective cell staining: The design of fluorescent organotin compounds derived from 4‐hydroxy‐N′‐((2‐hydroxynaphthalen‐1‐yl)methylene)benzohydrazidato and their cell staining in vitro are described. Compounds bearing B12H122− show extraordinary staining of nucleoli and cytoplasm, whereas the COSAN‐containing dyes only stain cytoplasm. The remarkable fluorescent staining properties shown by these compounds make them excellent candidates as cell‐staining fluorescent probes.
Microbial symbionts account for survival, development, fitness and evolution of eukaryotic hosts. These microorganisms together with their host form a biological unit known as holobiont. Recent ...studies have revealed that the holobiont of agaves and cacti comprises a diverse and structured microbiome, which might be important for its adaptation to drylands. Here, we investigated the functional signatures of the prokaryotic communities of the soil and the episphere, that includes the rhizosphere and phyllosphere, associated with the cultivated
and the native and sympatric
and
by mining shotgun metagenomic data. Consistent with previous phylogenetic profiling, we found that Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the main represented phyla in the episphere of agaves and cacti, and that clustering of metagenomes correlated with the plant compartment. In native plants, genes related to aerobic anoxygenic phototrophy and photosynthesis were enriched in the phyllosphere and soil, while genes coding for biofilm formation and quorum sensing were enriched in both epiphytic communities. In the episphere of cultivated
fewer genes were identified, but they belonged to similar pathways than those found in native plants.
showed a depletion in several genes belonging to carbon metabolism, secondary metabolite biosynthesis and xenobiotic degradation suggesting that its lower microbial diversity might be linked to functional losses. However, this species also showed an enrichment in biofilm and quorum sensing in the epiphytic compartments, and evidence for nitrogen fixation in the rhizosphere. Aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic markers were represented by Rhizobiales (
) and Rhodospirillales (
) in the phyllosphere, while photosystem genes were widespread in Bacillales and Cyanobacteria. Nitrogen fixation and biofilm formation genes were mostly related to Proteobacteria. These analyses support the idea of niche differentiation in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of agaves and cacti and shed light on the potential mechanisms by which epiphytic microbial communities survive and colonize plants of arid and semiarid ecosystems. This study establishes a guideline for testing the relevance of the identified functional traits on the microbial community and the plant fitness.
Here, we report a short series of six new boron Schiff bases (BOSCHIBAs), four of them bearing anionic boron clusters. The boron complexes (1–2) were synthesized by the multicomponent reaction. The ...Boron Schiff bases were appropriately functionalized with boron cluster anions B12H122− (3–4) and 3,3’‐Co(C2B9H11)2− (5–6). Remarkably, BOSCHIBAs bearing B12H122− showed fluorescence emission to the NIR and far‐red regions (3: 747 nm, 4: 690 nm), while 5 and 6 exhibited emission in the UV region (5: 525 and 6: 475 nm). Notably, complexes 2, 5, and 6 showed the highest photostability, followed by the boron complexes 1 and 3, which suggest that the nature of the boron cluster influences photostability properties. Compounds 3–4 represent the first example of boron Schiff bases bearing boron cluster anions B12H122− exhibiting fluorescence emission in the NIR and far‐red regions, make them potential candidates as fluorescence probes for bioimaging.
New boron Schiff bases (BOSCHIBAs) were functionalized with boron cluster anions B12H122− (3–4) and 3,3’‐Co(C2B9H11)2− (5–6). Remarkably, BOSCHIBAs bearing B12H122− showed fluorescence emission to the NIR and far‐red regions (3: 747 nm, 4: 690 nm). Compounds 3 and 4 represent the first example of boron Schiff bases bearing boron cluster anions B12H122− exhibiting fluorescence emission in the NIR and far‐red regions, make them potential candidates as fluorescence probes for bioimaging.
Abstract Desert plants, such as Agave tequilana , A. salmiana and Myrtillocactus geometrizans , can survive harsh environmental conditions partly due to their symbiotic relationships with ...microorganisms, including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Interestingly, some of these fungi also harbour endosymbiotic bacteria. Our research focused on investigating the diversity of these AMFs and their associated bacteria in these plants growing in arid soil. We found that agaves have a threefold higher AMF colonization than M. geometrizans . Metabarcoding techniques revealed that the composition of AMF communities was primarily influenced by the plant host, while the bacterial communities were more affected by the specific plant compartment or niche they inhabited. We identified both known and novel endofungal bacterial taxa, including Burkholderiales, and confirmed their presence within AMF spores using multiphoton microscopy. Our study also explored the effects of drought on the symbiosis between A. tequilana and AMF. We discovered that the severity of drought conditions could modulate the strength of this symbiosis and its outcomes for the plant holobiont. Severe drought conditions prevented the formation of this symbiosis, while moderate drought conditions promoted it, thereby conferring drought tolerance in A. tequilana . This research sheds light on the diversity of AMF and associated bacteria in Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) plants and underscores the crucial role of drought as a factor modulating the symbiosis between A. tequilana and AMF. Further research is needed to understand the role of endofungal bacteria in this response.
Pancreatoduodenectomy, the primary surgical strategy for managing cholangiocarcinoma, is executed via two distinct methodologies, namely minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy (MIPD) and open ...pancreatoduodenectomy (OPD). The selection between these surgical options is critical, as it directly influences patient outcomes, encompassing both short-term recovery metrics and long-term survival rates. Despite the clinical significance of these procedures, there exists a notable void in the literature regarding a comprehensive comparison of MIPD and OPD, particularly in assessing their respective efficacies and complications. This lack of detailed comparative analysis has left a gap in evidence-based guidance for clinicians faced with the decision of choosing the most appropriate surgical approach for their patients. The absence of robust data comparing the two techniques underscores the necessity for a meta-analysis that rigorously examines and contrasts the outcomes associated with MIPD and OPD. By drawing upon a wide array of international studies, this research aims to shed light on the advantages and potential drawbacks of each method, thereby providing a more informed basis for surgical decision-making in the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma.
Abstract
The plant microbiota can affect host fitness via the emission of microbial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) that influence growth and development. However, evidence of these molecules and ...their effects in plants from arid ecosystems is limited.
We screened the mVOCs produced by 40 core and representative members of the microbiome of agaves and cacti in their interaction with
Arabidopsis thaliana
and
Nicotiana benthamiana
. We used SPME‐GC‐MS to characterize the chemical diversity of mVOCs and tested the effects of selected compounds on growth and development of model and host plants.
Our study revealed that approximately 90% of the bacterial strains promoted plant growth both in
A
.
thaliana
and
N
.
benthamiana
. Bacterial VOCs were mainly composed of esters, alcohols, and S‐containing compounds with 25% of them not previously characterized. Remarkably, ethyl isovalerate, isoamyl acetate, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, benzyl alcohol, 2‐phenylethyl alcohol, and 3‐(methylthio)‐1‐propanol, and some of their mixtures, displayed beneficial effects in
A
.
thaliana
and also improved growth and development of
Agave tequilana
and
Agave salmiana
in just 60 days.
Volatiles produced by bacteria isolated from agaves and cacti are promising molecules for the sustainable production of crops in arid and semi‐arid regions.
Organic volatile compounds produced by bacteria associated with desert plants, such as agaves and cacti, promote growth and development of model and host plants. The identified molecules and their mixtures, among them ethyl isovalerate, isoamyl acetate, 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, benzyl alcohol, 2‐phenylethyl alcohol, and 3‐(methylthio)‐1‐propanol, can be used to enhance plant productivity, as well as to reveal the mechanisms underpinning plant‐microbe communication and the ecological relevance of microbial volatiles in arid environments.
ABSTRACT The present study evaluated the effects of the inclusión of ground Moringa oleifera and Brosimum alicastrum leaf meal in the diet of Mexican hairless pigs (MHP) on the amount of ...intramuscular fat, subcutaneous fat, leg muscle (Biceps femoris) fat, loin muscle (Longissimus dorsi) fat, leg and back fat, and the expression of lipid metabolism genes. Hairless pigs are reared in the Mexican tropics and are characterised by their body and intramuscular fat accumulation. Eighteen male pigs fed for 82 d were randomly allotted to three experimental isoenergetic and isoproteic diets, where M. oleifera or B. alicastrum (six pigs per diet) replaced wheat bran. The diets used were a control diet, a diet with 10% M. oleifera leaf meal, and a diet with 10% ground B. alicastrum leaf meal. The M. oleifera diet decreased (P<0.05) the fat ratio in the Longissimus dorsi muscles, back fat, rib fat, total carcass fat, and the carcass fat: meat ratio. The B. alicastrum diet only decreased fat in the Biceps femoris muscle, back fat, and rib fat. Moringa oleifera and B. alicastrum diets also promoted the overexpression of mRNA from the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid synthase (FASN), acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and acyl carrier protein (ACP) lipogenic genes in the Biceps femoris muscle and leg fat (P<0.001). In addition, lower ACACA and SREBP1 mRNA expression in the Longissimus dorsi muscle and back fat (P<0.001) were related to the lower amount of fat in pigs fed M. oleifera and B. alicastrum. The inclusion of Moringa oleifera and Brosimum alicastrum meals 10% in the diet of the pig MHP reduces fat, this is an important finding because fat is abundant in this type of pig.
In the current epidemic of Ebola virus disease, health-care workers have been transferred to Europe and the USA for optimised supportive care and experimental treatments. We describe the clinical ...course of the first case of Ebola virus disease contracted outside of Africa, in Madrid, Spain.
Herein we report clinical, laboratory, and virological findings of the treatment of a female nurse assistant aged 44 years who was infected with Ebola virus around Sept 25-26, 2014, while caring for a Spanish missionary with confirmed Ebola virus disease who had been medically evacuated from Sierra Leone to La Paz-Carlos III University Hospital, Madrid. We also describe the use of experimental treatments for Ebola virus disease in this patient.
The patient was symptomatic for 1 week before first hospital admission on Oct 6, 2014. We used supportive treatment with intravenous fluids, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and experimental treatments with convalescent plasma from two survivors of Ebola virus disease and high-dose favipiravir. On day 10 of illness, she had acute respiratory distress syndrome, possibly caused by transfusion-related acute lung injury, which was managed without mechanical ventilation. Discharge was delayed because of the detection of viral RNA in several bodily fluids despite clearance of viraemia. The patient was discharged on day 34 of illness. At the time of discharge, the patient had possible subacute post-viral thyroiditis. None of the people who had contact with the patient before and after admission became infected with Ebola virus.
This report emphasises the uncertainties about the efficacy of experimental treatments for Ebola virus disease. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of transfusion-related acute lung injury when using convalescent plasma for the treatment of Ebola virus disease.
La Paz-Carlos III University Hospital.
PDF
