A
bstract
W
bosons are produced at LHC from a forward-backward symmetric initial state. Their decay to a charged lepton and a neutrino has a strong spin analysing power. The combination of these ...effects results in characteristic distributions of the pseudorapidity of the leptons decaying from
W
+
and
W
−
of different helicity. This observation may open the possibility to measure precisely the
W
+
and
W
−
rapidity distributions for the two transverse polarisation states of W bosons produced at small transverse momentum.
RésuméSuite à l’armistice de l’Italie avec les Alliés, la Péninsule fut divisée en deux États : la République de Salò et le Royaume du Sud. Les Allemands déportèrent dans le Reich ou dans ses ...satellites environ 700 000 soldats appartenant aux anciennes Forces armées royales italiennes. La plupart de ces hommes, qui n’étaient ni prisonniers de guerre ni ennemis, furent considérés comme Internés militaires italiens ( imi ) et traités comme esclaves par l’ okw et les autres organisations du travail afin de répondre à toutes les exigences de l’industrie de guerre allemande. La « Croix-Rouge de Mussolini » chercha à secourir moralement et matériellement ces militaires par le biais d’un réseau interministériel de secours, dont les éléments principaux étaient le Servizio Assistenza Internati ( sai ) à Berlin et une branche spécifique de la Croix-Rouge italienne ( cri-aie ) à Milan.
Suite à l’armistice de l’Italie avec les Alliés, la Péninsule fut divisée en deux États : la République de Salò et le Royaume du Sud. Les Allemands déportèrent dans le Reich ou dans ses satellites ...environ 700 000 soldats appartenant aux anciennes Forces armées royales italiennes. La plupart de ces hommes, qui n’étaient ni prisonniers de guerre ni ennemis, furent considérés comme Internés militaires italiens (imi) et traités comme esclaves par l’okw et les autres organisations du travail afin de répondre à toutes les exigences de l’industrie de guerre allemande. La « Croix-Rouge de Mussolini » chercha à secourir moralement et matériellement ces militaires par le biais d’un réseau interministériel de secours, dont les éléments principaux étaient le Servizio Assistenza Internati (SAI) à Berlin et une branche spécifique de la Croix-Rouge italienne (CRI-AIE) à Milan.
As a consequence of the armistice between Italy and the Allies, the Peninsula was divided into two states: the Salò Republic and the Southern Kingdom. The Germans deported to the Reich, or to its satellites, around 700,000 troops belonging to the former Italian Royal Armed Forces. Most of these men, who were neither pows nor enemies, were classified as Italian Military Internees (imis) and treated like slaves by the okw and other labour organisations to meet the needs of the German war industry. « Mussolini’s Red Cross » tried to assist these soldiers both morally and materially, through an inter-departmental relief network whose main elements were the Servizio Assistenza Internati (SAI) in Berlin, and a specific branch of the Italian Red Cross (CRI-AIE) in Milan.
OBJECTIVES
Endothelins (ETs) can act as autocrine and/or paracrine regulators of thyroid homeostasis and growth. The aim of this study was to evaluate immunoreactive ET (i‐ET) levels in a group of ...patients with nodular pathology of the thyroid and to correlate them with the cytomorphological features after fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and with hormonal and immunological status and blood pressure levels.
DESIGN
Plasma and cystic i‐ET were assayed in a group of patients with varying thyroid function, who underwent FNA for solid and cystic nodular pathology.
PATIENTS
47 patients (32–81 years) with nodular pathology of the thyroid and 18 controls (28–70 years) with normal thyroid function and morphology were studied.
MEASUREMENTS
Fasting venous blood samples were collected and the plasma for i‐ET was frozen at −80°C until assayed. Sera were frozen at −20°C for FT3, FT4, TSH, TPO autoantibodies and thyroglobulin autoantibodies assay. Cystic fluid was obtained by FNA, centrifuged, and the supernatant was stored at −20°C until i‐ET assay. FNA cytology was examined by light microscopy.
RESULTS
In patients with cystic nodules, plasma i‐ET levels were significantly (P = 0.002) higher (5.7 ± 1.1 ng/l, ± SEM) than in both patients with solid nodules (2.6 ± 0.4 ng/l) and (P = 0.02) controls (3.0 ± 0.3 ng/l). In patients with cystic nodules, cystic i‐ET levels (12.6 ± 1.9 ng/l) were significantly (P = 0.003) higher than plasma levels (5.7 ± 1.1 ng/l) and did not correlate with the percentage of FNA cellularity. i‐ET levels in cystic fluid (12.6 ± 1.9 ng/l) were significantly (P = 0.0001) higher than plasma i‐ET levels in both patients with solid nodules and controls. No difference in either plasma or cystic i‐ET levels was found in patients with cystic nodules in relation to differences in thyroid function. No difference in plasma i‐ET levels was found between patients with solid nodules and controls. In controls, no significant difference in plasma i‐ET levels was found between males and females. A negative correlation (r = −0.55, P = 0.02) was found between cystic i‐ET levels and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. No correlation between cystic or plasma i‐ET levels and FT3, FT4 or TSH was found in any of the subjects studied.
CONCLUSIONS
It seems that endothelins do not possess a primary role in determining thyroid function and that the increased levels in cystic fluid found in our subjects could be secondary to cystic nodule development.
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