Avian cryptococcosis Malik, R; Krockenberger, M B; Cross, G ...
Medical mycology (Oxford)
41, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Clinical and laboratory findings in 15 unreported cases of avian cryptococcosis from Australia were collated and contrasted with 11 cases recorded in the literature. Cryptococcus species produced ...localized invasive disease of the upper respiratory tract of captive parrots living in Australia. This resulted in signs referable to mycotic rhinitis or to involvement of structures contiguous with the nasal cavity, such as the beak, sinuses, choana, retrobulbar space and palate. Parrots of widely differing ages were affected and of the seven birds for which sex was determinable, six were male. Cryptococcus bacillisporus (formerly C. neoformans var. gattii) accounted for four of five infections in which the species or variety was determinable, suggesting that exposure to eucalyptus material may be a predisposing factor. In these cases, Cryptococcus appeared to behave as a primary pathogen of immunocompetent hosts. One tissue specimen was available from an Australian racing pigeon with minimally invasive subcutaneous disease; immunohistology demonstrated a C. neoformans var. grubii (formerly C. neoformans var. neoformans serotype A) infection, presumably subsequent to traumatic inoculation of yeast cells into the subcutis. Two similar cases had been reported previously in pigeons domiciled in America. Data for parrots, one pigeon and other birds studied principally in America and Europe (and likely infected with C. neoformans) suggested a different pattern of disease, more suggestive of opportunistic infection of immunodeficient hosts. In this cohort of patients, the organism was not restricted to cool superficial sites such as the upper respiratory tract or subcutis. Instead, infections typically penetrated the lower respiratory tract or disseminated widely to a variety of internal organs. Finally, three captive North Island brown kiwis, one residing in Australia, the other two in New Zealand, died as a result of severe diffuse cryptococcal pneumonia (two cases) or widely disseminated disease (one case). C. bacillisporus strains were isolated from all three cases, as reported previously for another kiwi with disseminated disease in New Zealand.
This paper describes the data acquisition and trigger system of the Thin Time-of-flight PET (TT-PET) scanner. The system is designed to read out in the order of 1000 pixel sensors used in the scanner ...and to provide a reference timing signal to each sensor in order to measure time differences of better than 30 ps. This clock distribution is measured to have a jitter of less than 4 ps at the sensors. Collected data is locally processed before being forwarded to storage. Data flow as well as control, configuration and monitoring aspects are are also addressed.
The TT-PET collaboration is developing a PET scanner for small animals with 30 ps time-of-flight resolution and sub-millimetre 3D detection granularity. The sensitive element of the scanner is a ...monolithic silicon pixel detector based on state-of-the-art SiGe BiCMOS technology. The first ASIC prototype for the TT-PET was produced and tested in the laboratory and with minimum ionizing particles. The electronics exhibit an equivalent noise charge below 600 e- RMS and a pulse rise time of less than 2 ns, in accordance with the simulations. The pixels with a capacitance of 0.8 pF were measured to have a detection efficiency greater than 99% and, although in the absence of the post-processing, a time resolution of approximately 200 ps.
This paper describes a four-year retrospective survey of fire incidents in a psychiatric hospital. The results suggest that there were sufficient similarities between a fire incident and a violent ...incident for the former to be included in a hospital register of violent incidents. The authors recommend that fire incidents should be studied prospectively, and that hospital fire officers should be an integral part of the multidisciplinary team auditing such incidents.
During the exceptionally severe winter of 1981/82, unprecedented numbers of Pink-footed Geese Anser brachyrhynchus were present on the southwest Lancashire and north Merseyside feeding grounds, ...notably in January 1982, when well over 40,000 were found. The frozen ground and partial snow cover made food harder to obtain, and the large flocks broke into smaller groups dispersed over a wide area. Not only did they turn to unusual food sources, but they also visited unlikely feeding locations, often close to human activity. A striking example was the use of school playing-fields at Southport and Crosby, on the fringe of the normal feeding area.
This volume describes the Pomeron, an object of crucial importance in very high energy particle physics. Starting with a general description of the Pomeron within the framework of Regge theory, the ...emergence of the Pomeron within scalar field theory is discussed, providing a natural foundation on which to develop the more realistic case of QCD. The reggeization of the gluon is demonstrated and used to build the Pomeron of perturbative QCD. The dynamical nature of the Pomeron and its role in small-x deep inelastic scattering and in diffractive scattering is also examined in detail. The volume concludes with a study of the colour dipole approach to high energy scattering and the explicit role of unitarity corrections. This book will be of interest to theoretical and experimental particle physicists, and applied mathematicians. First published in 1997, this title has been reissued as an Open Access publication.
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