The solubilization of lipid bilayers of different composition and phase by the detergent Triton X-100 (Triton X-100) was investigated using optical and fluorescence microscopy of giant unilamellar ...vesicles (GUVs) and light scattering of large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). The compositions explored were 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), in the liquid-disordered (Ld) phase, sphingomyelin (SM), in the gel phase, and binary mixtures of these phospholipids with 30 mol % cholesterol (chol), resulting in bilayers in the Ld and liquid-ordered (Lo) phases, respectively. We show that the phospholipid bilayers are completely soluble in TX-100, but optical microscopy reveals that whereas fluid POPC is gradually solubilized by TX-100, gel SM is first shattered in bilayer fragments. Incorporation of TX-100 in the membrane leads to increase in GUV area, which was quantified and expressed as bound detergent-to-lipid molar ratio. The partition of TX-100 in POPC is very high, decreases in POPC/chol, and is negligible in SM/chol. Fluorescence microscopy shows that TX-100 induces Lo/Ld phase separation in previously homogeneous POPC/chol GUVs, and insoluble bilayer fragments/vesicles are detected with optical microscopy and light scattering. Vesicles of SM/chol, in the Lo phase, are virtually insoluble in TX-100. Taken together, our results show that the presence of cholesterol is the origin of membrane resistance to solubilization, which depending on the specific lipid mixture can result in either partially (POPC/chol) or completely (SM/chol) insoluble mixtures.
Fe-deficiency anaemia is considered an important public health problem both in wealthier countries and in those of medium and low income, especially in children under 5 years of age. The shortage of ...studies with national representativity in medium-income countries, such as Brazil, prevents the knowledge of the current situation and its associated factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled prevalence of Fe-deficiency anaemia in Brazilian children under 5 years of age and determined the factors involved in the variability of the estimates of prevalence. We collected fifty-seven studies from the databases MEDLINE, LILACS and Web of Science, along with the reference lists of included articles. We contacted authors for unpublished data. We did not restrict publication timespan and language. This systematic review and meta-analysis was reported according to the guidelines by PRISMA. The pooled prevalence of anaemia in Brazil was 40·2 (95 % CI 36·0, 44·8) %. The age range of the child and the period of data collection were associated with the anaemia prevalence. The pooled prevalence of anaemia was higher in children under 24 months of age (53·5 v. 30·7 %; P < 0·001) and in studies with data collected before 2004 (51·8 v. 32·6 %; P = 0·001). The efforts made by the Brazilian government were successful in the reduction of anaemia in children under 5 years of age in Brazil in the evaluated period. However, prevalence remains beyond acceptable levels for this population group.
The challenges faced by science in the international communication process range from the choice of philosophical and epistemological assumptions used in scientific research to the choice of ...participants who comprise the sample of the studies produced. There is, in the hierarchy of scientific production, Westernized trends of theoretical assumptions that predominate. The challenge of producing and communicating scientific knowledge is now guided by a review that geographically and philosophically shifts the Western prominent place. The purpose of this article is use a decolonial perspective to theoretically problematize scientific practice and the process of publishing its results. It criticizes the assembly line in which psychology ends, especially in the publication of results as a condition for the constitution of scientific communities. The scientific community can assist in the dissemination of a certain theory, but it can also constitute an obstacle to new ideas. It points to decoloniality as an alternative path as a possibility of breaking with the production-line logic of publications. By presenting the example of González Rey’s theory of subjectivity, it advocates the history-education-time tripod as necessary elements to address contemporary crises studied by psychology. The article demonstrates the possibility of rupture with the market-related scientific status quo.
Purpose
To investigate the effects of a single dose of juice on physical performance, oxidative stress, inflammation and muscle damage in runners.
Methods
Fourteen recreational male runners (39 ± ...9 years,
V
O
2peak
= 55.9 ± 6.5 ml/kg/min) performed two running tests to exhaustion at 80% of
V
O
2max
after ingesting grape juice or a placebo drink (10 ml/kg/day) randomly. Blood samples were taken before and 2 h after supplementation and immediately after running to analyze total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (A1GPA), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH).
Results
The participants ran for an average of 59.2 ± 27.8 min until exhaustion in the placebo group and for 68.4 ± 29.7 min until exhaustion in the grape juice intake group, which was a significantly longer time (
p
= 0.008). This improvement in physical performance was accompanied by a 43.6% increase in TAC (
p
= 0.000) at the post-exercise timepoint compared to the level at baseline. MDA, A1GPA, hs-CRP, CK, and LDH did not exhibit changes. In contrast, no significant change in any variable was observed after consuming the placebo drink.
Conclusion
The single-dose intake of purple grape juice demonstrated an ergogenic effect in recreational runners by increasing run time to exhaustion and increasing antioxidant activity.
ObjectiveThis is a psychometric study aimed at proposing a scale for estimating the consumption of ultraprocessed foods using item response theory.MethodsFood consumption data from a representative ...sample of 2515 adolescent individuals aged 18 and 19 from the third phase of the Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas, and São Luís Brazilian Birth Cohorts Consortium were used. The instrument used was a validated food frequency questionnaire. The selection of ultraprocessed foods items occurred through exploratory factor analysis. Items with factor loadings > 0.30 and commonality > 0.20 were applied in Samejima's graded response model and had unidimensionality (variance = 28.0%) as well as good quality of fit (comparative fit index and Tucker-Lewis index > 0.90 and root mean square error of approximation < 0.08). Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests were used to assess latent trait levels in thirds (low, moderate, and high), according to food consumption variables.ResultsThe information provided by the test covers the entire latent trait continuum, reinforcing its ability to estimate ultraprocessed foods consumption. Foods classified as in natura had a decline in consumption as the level of ultraprocessed foods consumption increased. Ultraprocessed foods were directly proportional to the latent trait (P < 0.05). The highest level of latent trait concentrated the highest median of total energy intake (P < 0.05).ConclusionsThe proposed ultraprocessed foods consumption scale presents an estimation of consistency and is a potential brief tool for use in assessing the consumption of this food group.
En este ensayo esperamos acercarnos a la trayectoria laboral de Pepita Pardell (1928-2019), centrándonos más específicamente en su pasaje por Balet y Blay, una de las más importantes productoras ...audiovisuales barcelonesas, responsable del primer largometraje animado y coloreado realizado en España, Garbancito de la Mancha (1945). A nivel metodológico, hemos analizado documentos y artículos de revistas y periódicos recopilados en las colecciones de la Filmoteca de Catalunya en Barcelona y el Museu del Cinema en Girona, entre las que se incluyen algunos diarios de la animadora, además de consultas en las hemerotecas digitales de los periódicos La Vanguardia y El Periódico. Entre los resultados podemos destacar que, en la trayectoria de Pepita Pardell nos es posible reconocer técnicas, espacios, eventos, materialidades que le son propias, y también que se relacionó con otras mujeres que fueron claves en la construcción de la historia de la animación en Cataluña y España.
The number of days of data required to accurately estimate usual nutrient intake of children is not well established. This study aims to calculate the variability and the number of days required to ...estimate usual nutrient intake in children aged 13-32 months. This cross-sectional study, which is part of the BRISA Project in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, involved 231 children from April 2011 to January 2013. Socio-economic and demographic data were collected using a questionnaire, and 3 non-consecutive days of food consumption were collected using a 24-h dietary recall (24HDR) survey. Intrapersonal and interpersonal variability and variance ratio (VR) were obtained for each nutrient using the Multiple Source Method® program (version 1.0.1). The number of days (d) needed was calculated using the formula proposed by Black et al. for different correlation coefficients (r) (i.e. 0·7, 0·8 or 0·9). For the vast majority of nutrients, intrapersonal and interpersonal variability values of <1 were observed, with even smaller intrapersonal variabilities, resulting in low VR (<1). More days were needed to estimate intakes of soluble fibre (12), insoluble fibre (11), total fibre (10), vitamin C (9) and PUFA (7), while fewer days were needed for energy, carbohydrate, SFA, Ca, Fe, P and Zn (all had 2 d for r 0·9). However, most nutrients required one, two or three 24HDR for r 0·7, 0·8 or 0·9.
Obesity is characterized by an adipose tissue mass expansion that presents a risk to health, associated with a chronic increase in circulating inflammatory mediators. Anti-inflammatory agents are an ...obesity alternative treatment. However, the lack of effective agents indicates the need to assess the mechanisms and identify effective therapeutic targets. The present work identified and described the mechanisms of action of anti-inflammatory agents in adipose tissue in experimental studies. The review was registered in the International Prospective Registry of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO-CRD42020182897). The articles' selection was according to eligibility criteria (PICOS). The research was performed in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, VHL, and EMBASE. The methodological quality evaluation was assessed using SYRCLE. Initially, 1511 articles were selected, and at the end of the assessment, 41 were eligible. Among the anti-inflammatory agent classes, eight drugs, 28 natural, and five synthetic compounds were identified. Many of these anti-inflammatory agents act in metabolic pathways that culminate in the inflammatory cytokines expression reduction, decreasing the macrophages infiltration in white and adipose tissue and promoting the polarization process of type M1 to M2 macrophages. Thus, the article clarifies and systematizes these anti-inflammatory agents' mechanisms in adipose tissue, presenting targets relevant to future research on these pathways.
The focus of this article is the mind–body problem in mainstream modern psychology examined from a decolonial perspective. The construction of the idea of the separation of mind and body is a seminal ...point of division of labor in the history of modern capitalism. This division perpetuated by the mind–body dualism idea was necessary to justify the enslavement of some and employment to others. Colonization processes have had profound importance on the mind, feelings, behaviors, and political settings. Throughout its history, the subject treated in EuroAmerican psychology has sought to deal with the mind–body problem as an individual, a separate entity, not as part of the psyche as a whole. A new perspective where the mind and body play an intertwined role is necessary considering subjectivity in a cultural‐historical approach. The subjective level is defined by the unification between symbolical and emotional cultural processes. The body (emotions) operates in conjunction with the culture and, when amalgamated, constitutes what we entitle as subjectivity. An ontology defines the assumptions that lie under a cosmovision and sustains a way of seeing, feeling, thinking, and acting with oneself, others, and the whole living world. It is what defines the real. The trajectory of this paper is an invitation to shed light from a decolonial perspective on social inequality concerning the present crises of humanity. The consequences of social inequality expressed today indicate the difficulties created by the dichotomy of mind and body.
Pervious concrete paving blocks with individual and combined use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and sand were investigated in terms of physical and hydrological properties (density, porosity ...and infiltration rate), compressive strength and abrasion capacity. First, the natural coarse aggregate was replaced by RCA at the levels of 15%, 30% and 50% by weight. Then, the incorporation of sand at the levels of 5% and 10% by total weight of aggregate was studied in the mixtures that presented the greater performance. As a result, the replacement of natural aggregate by 15% of RCA increased the compressive strength. Also RCA levels until 30% do not compromise the hydraulic and mechanical performance of previous concrete paving blocks. The incorporation of sand decreased the porosity and infiltration capacity of pervious concrete while preventing the mechanical performance to increase due to the lack of homogeneity of the mixture.
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