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•Young bamboo culm starch has characteristics of resistant starch type 2.•Bamboo starch from B. vulgaris presented similar characteristics to rice starch.•Young bamboo culm starch is ...a co-product option for bamboo fiber extraction.•Other bamboo species should be explored for different industrial applications.
The starch industry has grown quickly, and starch production has expanded around the world because it is a very versatile ingredient, despite limits in some foodstuffs. So, this study aimed to analyze morphology, physic and chemical characteristics of the starch extracted from three different parts (bottom, middle and top) of the young bamboo culm of B. vulgaris (SB, SM, and ST, respectively). The obtained data were evaluated by analysis of variance and Scott-Knot test (p < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed between SB, SM and ST samples. The starches presented yellowish coloration (L* > 88, a* > −0.2, and b* > 9), and SEM images showed compound granules with polyhedral shapes and average diameter of 6.55 µm; apparent amylose content of 37.45%, wherein SB and SM showed characteristics of resistant starch type 2, whereas ST was more similar to normal starch. Amylopectin presented high proportion of chains with DP 13–24 and lower proportion of long chains, corroborating with A-type crystalline pattern. The absence of a shoulder in the branch chain length distribution, suggest a perfect crystalline structure, similar to starches from D. asper and B. tuldoides. DSC shows gelatinization temperatures higher than 80 °C, lower transition temperatures and the percentage of retrogradation above 44%. The results are promising to obtain slow digesting starches, although it is necessary to evaluate the starch from other bamboo species, which may have different characteristics.
Damage control surgery in lung trauma Garcia, Alberto; Millan, Mauricio; Ordoñez, Carlos Alberto ...
Colombia médica (Cali, Colombia),
05/2021, Letnik:
52, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Damage control techniques applied to the management of thoracic injuries have evolved over the last 15 years. Despite the limited number of publications, information is sufficient to scatter some ...fears and establish management principles. The severity of the anatomical injury justifies the procedure of damage control in only few selected cases. In most cases, the magnitude of the physiological derangement and the presence of other sources of bleeding within the thoracic cavity or in other body compartments constitutes the indication for the abbreviated procedure. The classification of lung injuries as peripheral, transfixing, and central or multiple, provides a guideline for the transient bleeding control and for the definitive management of the injury: pneumorraphy, wedge resection, tractotomy or anatomical resection, respectively. Identification of specific patterns such as the need for resuscitative thoracotomy, or aortic occlusion, the existence of massive hemothorax, a central lung injury, a tracheobronchial injury, a major vascular injury, multiple bleeding sites as well as the recognition of hypothermia, acidosis or coagulopathy, constitute the indication for a damage control thoracotomy. In these cases, the surgeon executes an abbreviated procedure with packing of the bleeding surfaces, primary management with packing of some selected peripheral or transfixing lung injuries, and the postponement of lung resection, clamping of the pulmonary hilum in the most selective way possible. The abbreviation of the thoracotomy closure is achieved by suturing the skin over the wound packed, or by installing a vacuum system. The management of the patient in the intensive care unit will allow identification of those who require urgent reintervention and the correction of the physiological derangement in the remaining patients for their scheduled reintervention and definitive management.
In patients with abdominal trauma who require laparotomy, up to a quarter or a third will have a vascular injury. The venous structures mainly injured are the vena cava (29%) and the iliac veins ...(20%), and arterial vessels are the iliac arteries (16%) and the aorta (14%). The initial approach is performed following the ATLS principles. This manuscript aims to present the surgical approach to abdominal vascular trauma following damage control principles. The priority in a trauma laparotomy is bleeding control. Hemorrhages of intraperitoneal origin are controlled by applying pressure, clamping, packing, and retroperitoneal with selective pressure. After the temporary bleeding control is achieved, the compromised vascular structure must be identified, according to the location of the hematomas. The management of all lesions should be oriented towards the expeditious conclusion of the laparotomy, focusing efforts on the bleeding control and contamination, with a postponement of the definitive management. Their management of vascular injuries includes ligation, transient bypass, and packing of selected low-pressure vessels and bleeding surfaces. Subsequently, the unconventional closure of the abdominal cavity should be performed, preferably with negative pressure systems, to reoperate once the hemodynamic alterations and coagulopathy have been corrected to carry out the definitive management.
Rotavirus and poliovirus are paradigmatic viruses for causing major diseases affecting the human population. The impact of poliovirus is remarkably diminished because of vaccination during the last ...half century. Poliomyelitis due to wild polio currently affects a limited number of countries, and since 2000 sporadic outbreaks have been associated to neurovirulent vaccine-derived polioviruses. Conversely, rotavirus is presently very diffuse, accounting for the largest fraction of severe gastroenteritis among children <5 years-old. Vaccination towards rotavirus is still in its dawn, and zoonotic strains contribute to the emergence and evolution of novel strains pathogenic to man. The environment, particularly surface water, is a possible vehicle for large transmission of both viruses, but environmental surveillance of circulating strains can help promptly monitor entry of new virulent strains into a country, their shedding and spread.
Neutrophils destroy invading microorganisms by phagocytosis by bringing them into contact with bactericidal substances, among which ROS are the most important. However, ROS also function as important ...physiological regulators of cellular signaling pathways. Here, we addressed the involvement of oxygen derivatives in the regulation of human neutrophil rolling, an essential component of the inflammatory response. Flow experiments using dihydroethidium‐preloaded human neutrophils showed that these cells initiate an early production of intracellular ROS during the rolling phase of the adhesion cascade, a phenomenon that required cell rolling, and the interaction of the chemokine receptor CXCR2 with their ligand CXCL8. Flow cytometry experiments demonstrated that L‐selectin shedding in neutrophils is triggered by ROS through an autocrine–paracrine mechanism. Preincubation of neutrophils with the NADPH oxidase complex inhibitor diphenyleniodonium chloride significantly increased the number of rolling neutrophils on endothelial cells. Interestingly, the same effect was observed when CXCL8 signaling was interfered using either a blocking monoclonal antibody or an inhibitor of its receptor. These findings indicate that, in response to CXCL8, neutrophils initiate ROS production during the rolling phase of the inflammatory response. This very early ROS production might participate in the modulation of the inflammatory response by inducing L‐selectin shedding in neutrophils.
We propose that activation of the NADPH oxidase complex by CXCL8 releases superoxide anions to the extracellular milieu. This superoxide generates an oxidative attack on the prodomain thiol group of ADAM‐17, which is activated and process the extracellular domain of L‐selectin, causing its release from the cell membrane.
Tumors develop in an oxidative environment characterized by peroxynitrite production and downstream protein tyrosine (Y) nitration. We showed that tyrosine nitration supports schwannoma cell ...proliferation and regulates cell metabolism in the inheritable tumor disorder NF2-related Schwannomatosis (NF2-SWN). Here, we identified the chaperone Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) as the first nitrated protein that acts as a metabolic switch to promote schwannoma cell proliferation. Doubling the endogenous levels of nitrated Hsp90 in schwannoma cells or supplementing nitrated Hsp90 into normal Schwann cells increased their proliferation. Metabolically, nitration on either Y33 or Y56 conferred Hsp90 distinct functions; nitration at Y33 (Hsp90NY33) down-regulated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, while nitration at Y56 (Hsp90NY56) increased glycolysis by activating the purinergic receptor P2X7 in both schwannoma and normal Schwann cells. Hsp90NY33 and Hsp90NY56 showed differential subcellular and spatial distribution corresponding with their metabolic and proliferative functions in schwannoma three-dimensional cell culture models. Collectively, these results underscore the role of tyrosine nitration as a post-translational modification regulating critical cellular processes. Nitrated proteins, particularly nitrated Hsp90, emerge as a novel category of tumor-directed therapeutic targets.
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•Selective tyrosine nitration of Hsp90 induces cell proliferation through activation of P2X7R.•Nitrated Hsp90 acts as a metabolic switch in tumor cells.•Site-specific nitration of Hsp90 at Y33 decreases mitochondrial metabolism.•Site-specific nitration of Hsp90 at Y56 increases glycolysis.•Nitrated Hsp90 is the first in a novel category of tumor-directed therapeutic targets.
Starch is used in a wide variety of food and non-food industrial applications. However, in some cases, it is necessary to apply physical and/or chemical treatments to alter some properties, besides ...being an expensive process, it is environmentally unfriendly. So, the objective of this study was to characterize the morphology, structure, physicochemical and thermal properties of starch extracted from three different parts of the young culm (bottom-SB, middle-SM and top-ST) of B. tuldoides. The obtained data were evaluated by ANOVA and Scott-Knot test (p < 0.05). The starches presented pale yellow coloration and high luminosity (on average a* = 0.65, b* = 11.26 and L = 89.39), besides polyhedral shape and small size (on average 4.64 μm) observed by optical (OM) and scanning electron (SEM) microscopies. The starches showed apparent amylose content similar to starches from cereals and isolated from bamboo seeds. The molecular size distribution of amylose chains corroborates with SM (33.35%) and ST (24.48%) amylose content, since they presented the highest values. The highest proportion of chains of amylopectin were observed for DP 13–24, without significant difference between the samples, which sustain with A-type polymorph presented for all the samples. Transition temperature above 81 °C was observed and agree with the higher proportions of amylopectin short chains. The obtained starches presented characteristics of native starches and were similar to the starches traditionally used. Thus, starch from the young culm of bamboo would be an alternative source to traditional starches, such as rice, wheat or corn, sustaining with its potential for industrial applications.
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•Young bamboo culm starch has characteristics of native starches.•Starches contain compound granules and small diameter.•High transition temperatures indicate starches for industrial applications.•Starches, from different parts of the culm, showed no structural difference.
Resumo Este estudo de caso objetivou analisar o cuidado à saúde de famílias assentadas no interior do Estado de Pernambuco, mediante observação participante, entrevistas individuais com profissionais ...de saúde e representante do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra - MST, grupos focais com as famílias de dois assentamentos e diário de campo. Observou-se que as práticas de saúde estavam relacionadas ao cuidado popular por meio do uso de plantas medicinais, ações de prevenção, como vacinação, puericultura, acompanhamento a hipertensos e diabéticos, tratamento da água e destino do lixo. Identificou-se que fatores socioeconômicos, culturais e educacionais impactavam, de maneira negativa, na condição de saúde, enquanto a formação dos profissionais e a capacidade resolutiva da Atenção Primária limitavam a oferta de ações. Apesar de as práticas de saúde estarem de acordo com a Política Nacional da Atenção Básica, havia lacunas entre o fazer saúde técnico e o fazer saúde popular. Destacaram-se as ações realizadas pelo Movimento, como o diagnóstico da condição de saúde e planejamento, a partir da educação popular. As necessidades de saúde apresentadas pelas famílias demandavam das equipes competências e habilidades específicas para o cuidado à saúde integral implicado com a realidade socioeconômica, cultural e sanitária dos assentamentos da Reforma Agrária.
Abstract This case study aimed to analyze the health care of families settled in the countryside of Pernambuco state, Brazil, through participant observation, individual interviews with health professionals and representative of the Landless Workers Movement (MST), focus groups with families from two settlements and field diary. Health practices were related to the popular care through the use of medicinal plants, preventive actions, such as vaccination, childcare, monitoring of hypertensive and diabetic patients, water treatment and waste destination. We identified that socioeconomic, cultural and educational factors had a negative impact on health conditions, while the training of professionals and the resolving capacity of Primary Care limited the supply of actions. Although health practices were in accordance with the National Primary Care Policy, there were gaps between making technical health and making health popular. The actions carried out by the Movement were highlighted, such as the diagnosis of health status and planning, based on popular education. The health needs presented by the families demanded of the teams specific skills and abilities for the integral health care implied with the socioeconomic, cultural and sanitary reality of the Agrarian Reform settlements.
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