Immunization of mice with a 14-mer peptide TKDNNLLGRFELSG, termed "TKD," comprising amino acids 450–461 (aa 450–461 ) in the C terminus of inducible Hsp70, resulted in the generation of an IgG1 mouse ...mAb cmHsp70.1. The epitope recognized by cmHsp70.1 mAb, which has been confirmed to be located in the TKD sequence by SPOT analysis, is frequently detectable on the cell surface of human and mouse tumors, but not on isogenic cells and normal tissues, and membrane Hsp70 might thus serve as a tumor-specific target structure. As shown for human tumors, Hsp70 is associated with cholesterol-rich microdomains in the plasma membrane of mouse tumors. Herein, we show that the cmHsp70.1 mAb can selectively induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of membrane Hsp70⁺ mouse tumor cells by unstimulated mouse spleen cells. Tumor killing could be further enhanced by activating the effector cells with TKD and IL-2. Three consecutive injections of the cmHsp70.1 mAb into mice bearing CT26 tumors significantly inhibited tumor growth and enhanced the overall survival. These effects were associated with infiltrations of NK cells, macrophages, and granulocytes. The Hsp70 specificity of the ADCC response was confirmed by preventing the antitumor response in tumor-bearing mice by coinjecting the cognate TKD peptide with the cmHsp70.1 mAb, and by blocking the binding of cmHsp70.1 mAb to CT26 tumor cells using either TKD peptide or the C-terminal substrate-binding domain of Hsp70.
For most optical tweezer applications, precise and reliable tracking of the trapped particle is an important requirement. Backfocal-plane interferometry is the fastest and most accurate tracking ...technique if the particle displacements are limited to half of the focal width. Especially for positive axial displacements, the nonlinear detector response can lead to incorrect tracking results. Here we show how the linear detection range around the trap center can be extended by a factor of 2 to 4 in the axial direction using a second frequency-detuned tracking focus that is generated by the same laser as the optical trap. Additionally, we show how the noise in the axial signal can be decreased significantly using a second detector.
Proper fixation of central venous catheters (CVCs) is an integral part of safety to avoid dislodgement and malfunction. However, the effectiveness of different CVC securement sutures is unknown.
...Analysis of maximum dislodgement forces for CVCs from three different manufacturers using four different suture techniques in an in vitro tensile loading experiment: 1. "clamp only", 2. "clamp and compression suture", 3. "finger trap" and 4. "complete", i.e., "clamp + compression suture + finger trap". Twenty-five tests were performed for each of the three CVC models and four securement suture techniques (n = 300 test runs).
The primary cause of catheter dislodgement was sliding through the clamp in techniques 1 and 2. In contrast, rupture of the suture was the predominant cause for dislodgement in techniques 2 and 3. Median (IQR 25-75%) dislodgement forces were 26.0 (16.6) N in technique 1, 26.5 (18.8) N in technique 2, 76.7 (18.7) N in technique 3, and 84.8 (11.8) N in technique 4. Post-hoc analysis demonstrated significant differences (P < .001) between all pairwise combinations of techniques except technique 1 vs. 2 (P = .98).
"Finger trap" fixation at the segmentation site considerably increases forces required for dislodgement compared to clamp-based approaches.
Backfocal plane (BFP) interferometry is a single particle tracking technique that allows one to measure minute displacements of a microscopic particle from the center of a beam's focus in three ...dimensions. In this Letter, we present a Fourier optics model to describe the interference effects that allow one to track the position of a particle moving along the optical axis. A detection numerical aperture is derived theoretically and confirmed experimentally, within which the interference intensity has a positive correlation with the axial position of the scatterer. For larger detection angles, the correlation is negative. The model helps to understand previously reported measurements and to optimize BFP interferometric tracking.
The type III-secreted proteins NopE1 and NopE2 of Bradyrhizobium japonicum contain a repeated domain of unknown function (DUF1521), which is present in a few uncharacterized proteins. A nopE1/nopE2 ...double mutant strain exhibited higher nodulation efficiency on Vigna radiata KPS2 than the wild type or single nopE1 or nopE2 mutants. This indicates that both proteins are effectors that functionally overlap. To test translocation into the plant cell compartment during symbiosis, NopE1 and NopE2 were fused with adenylate cyclase (cya) as reporter. A fusion with the full-length proteins or N-terminal peptides resulted in increased cAMP levels in nodules, indicating translocation. Purified NopE1 exhibited self-cleavage in the presence of Ca2+. Two identical cleavage sites (GD'PHVD) were identified inside the DUF1521 domains. The C-terminal cleavage site was analyzed by alanine scanning. Protein variants in which aspartate or proline next to the cleavage sites was substituted displayed no cleavage. A noncleavable protein was obtained by exchange of the aspartate residues preceding both cleavage sites. Complementation analysis with the noncleavable NopE1 variant did not restore wild-type phenotype on Vigna radiata KPS2, indicating a physiological role of NopE1 cleavage in effector function.
Increased transfusion requirements in liver transplantation have been reported to be associated with worsened outcomes, more frequent reinterventions, and higher expenses. Anesthesiologists might ...counteract this through improved coagulation management. We evaluated the effects of rotational thromboelastometry on transfusion and coagulation product requirements and on outcome measurements.
Patients who were 14 years or older and who were undergoing liver transplant at Hannover Medical School between January 2005 and December 2009 were included in this retrospective analysis. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, use of rotational thromboelastometry, intraoperative need for blood or coagulation products and antifibrinolytic substances, and clinical course were recorded. Correlations were examined using appropriate statistical tests.
Our study included 413 patients. Use of rotational thromboelastometry was associated with less frequent intraoperative administration of red blood cell concentrates, fresh frozen plasma, platelet concentrates, prothrombin complex concentrates, and antithrombin concentrates (all P < .05). In addition, univariate and multivariate tests showed that rotational thromboelastometry was correlated with decreased need for red blood cell concentrates and fresh frozen plasma (all P < .05). Intraoperative administration rates of antifibrinolytic substances and fibrinogen concentrate were significantly increased in patients who received rotational thromboelastometry monitoring (both P < .05). However, use of rotational thromboelastometry was not associated with massive transfusion rates (> 10 units vs less), clinical outcome, or length of stay in the intensive care unit (all P > .05).
Use of rotational thromboelastometry during liver transplant may reduce the need for intraoperative transfusion and coagulation products. Relevant effects of rotational thromboelastometry on patient outcomes or lengths of stay in the intensive care unit could not be ascertained. However, readjustment of therapeutic thresholds may improve the clinical impact.
Die blauen Flecken der Ideologiekritik Friedrich, Lars
Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur,
06/2022, Letnik:
47, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Abstract
The following essay examines the centrality of Cervantes’
Don Quixote
for the emergence of ideology as a concept as well as in traditional formations of ideology critique. Despite their ...vastly different readings of the Spanish novel, Marx, Lukács, Adorno, and Benjamin converge in their ambivalence towards the novel’s humor, the comic collision of illusion, and quotidian reality so painful for the delusional knight. If the novel’s comedy operates, on the one hand, with the power to dissolve phantasmagoric ideas, its epistemological potential would seem, on the other hand, to be particularly limited by reified relations of power and their critique. This potential of comedy stands to be reanimated against the backdrop of both contemporary cancel culture’s rebukes and current disputes around identity.
Die blauen Flecken der Ideologiekritik Friedrich, Lars
Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur,
06/2022, Letnik:
47, Številka:
1
Journal Article
The following essay examines the centrality of Cervantes’
for the emergence of ideology as a concept as well as in traditional formations of ideology critique. Despite their vastly different readings ...of the Spanish novel, Marx, Lukács, Adorno, and Benjamin converge in their ambivalence towards the novel’s humor, the comic collision of illusion, and quotidian reality so painful for the delusional knight. If the novel’s comedy operates, on the one hand, with the power to dissolve phantasmagoric ideas, its epistemological potential would seem, on the other hand, to be particularly limited by reified relations of power and their critique. This potential of comedy stands to be reanimated against the backdrop of both contemporary cancel culture’s rebukes and current disputes around identity.
Videolaryngoscopy has been proven to be a safe procedure managing difficult airways in the hands of airway specialists. Information about the success rates in unexperienced users of videolaryngoscopy ...compared to conventional laryngoscopy is sparse. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate if there might be more success in securing an airway if the unexperienced provider is using a videolaryngoscope in simulated airways in a randomized manikin study. Differences between commonly used videolaryngoscopes were elucidated.
A standardized hands-on workshop prior to the study was performed. For direct laryngoscopy (DL) we used a Macintosh laryngoscope, whereas for videolaryngoscopy (VL) we used the cMac, the dBlade, and a King Vision videolaryngoscope. Endotracheal intubations in three simulated normal and difficult airways were performed. Main outcome parameters were time to view and time to intubation. Cormack and Lehane (C + L) classification and the percentage of glottic opening (POGO) score were evaluated. After every intubation, the participants were asked to review the airway and the device used.
22 participants (14.8 ± 4.0 intubations per year, mostly trauma surgeons) with limited experience in videolaryngoscopy (mean total number of videolaryngoscopy .4 ± .2) were enrolled. We found improved C + L grades with VL in contrast to DL. We saw similar data with respect to the POGO score, where the participants achieved better visibility of the glottis with VL. The hyperangulated blade geometries of videolaryngoscopes provided a better visibility in difficult airways than the standard geometry of the Macintosh-type blade. The subjective performance of the VL devices was better in more difficult airway scenarios.
After a short introduction and hands-on training, a videolaryngoscope seems to be safe and usable by unexperienced providers. We assume a standard geometry laryngoscope is optimal for a patient with normal anatomy, whereas VL device with a hyperangulated blade is ideal for difficult airway situations with limited mouth opening or restricted neck movement.
Optical traps play an increasing role in the bionanosciences because of their ability to apply forces flexibly on tiny structures in fluid environments. Combined with particle-tracking techniques, ...they allow the sensing of miniscule forces exerted on these structures. Similar to atomic force microscopy (AFM), but much more sensitive, an optically trapped probe can be scanned across a structured surface to measure the height profile from the displacements of the probe. Here we demonstrate that, by the combination of a time-shared twin-optical trap and nanometre-precise three-dimensional interferometric particle tracking, both reliable height profiling and surface imaging are possible with a spatial resolution below the diffraction limit. The technique exploits the high-energy thermal position fluctuations of the trapped probe, and leads to a sampling of the surface 5,000 times softer than in AFM. The measured height and force profiles from test structures and Helicobacter cells illustrate the potential to uncover specific properties of hard and soft surfaces.
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