Missing-mass spectroscopy with the
3
H(
e
,
e′K
+
) reaction was carried out at Jefferson Lab’s (JLab) Hall A in Oct–Nov, 2018. The differential cross section for the
3
H(
γ
∗
,
K
+
)Λ
nn
was deduced ...at
ω
=
Ee
−
E
e′
= 2.102 GeV and at the forward
K
+
-scattering angle (0
°
≤ θ
γ
∗
K
≤ 5
°
) in the laboratory frame. Given typical predicted energies and decay widths, which are (
B
Λ
, Γ) = (−0.25, 0.8) and (−0.55, 4.7) MeV, the cross sections were found to be 11.2 ± 4.8(stat.)
+4.1
−2.1
(sys.) and 18.1 ± 6.8(stat.)
+4.2
−2.9
(sys.) nb/sr, respectively. The obtained result would impose a constraint for interaction models particularly between Λ and neutron by comparing to theoretical calculations.
We report a precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry APV in the elastic scattering of longitudinally polarized electrons from 208Pb. We measure APV= 550 ± 16 (stat) ±8 (syst) parts per ...billion, leading to an extraction of the neutral weak form factor FW(Q2= 0.00616 GeV2) = 0.368 ± 0.013. Combined with our previous measurement, the extracted neutron skin thickness is Rn-Rp= 0.283 ± 0.071 fm. The result also yields the first significant direct measurement of the interior weak density of 208Pb: ρ$^0_W$ = -0.0796 ± 0.0036(exp) ± 0.0013(theo) fm-3 leading to the interior baryon density ρ$^0_b$ = 0.1480 ± 0.0036(exp) ± 0.0013(theo) fm-3. Finally, the measurement accurately constrains the density dependence of the symmetry energy of nuclear matter near saturation density, with implications for the size and composition of neutron stars.
The proton is one of the main building blocks of all visible matter in the Universe
. Among its intrinsic properties are its electric charge, mass and spin
. These properties emerge from the complex ...dynamics of its fundamental constituents-quarks and gluons-described by the theory of quantum chromodynamics
. The electric charge and spin of protons, which are shared among the quarks, have been investigated previously using electron scattering
. An example is the highly precise measurement of the electric charge radius of the proton
. By contrast, little is known about the inner mass density of the proton, which is dominated by the energy carried by gluons. Gluons are hard to access using electron scattering because they do not carry an electromagnetic charge. Here we investigated the gravitational density of gluons using a small colour dipole, through the threshold photoproduction of the J/ψ particle. We determined the gluonic gravitational form factors of the proton
from our measurement. We used a variety of models
and determined, in all cases, a mass radius that is notably smaller than the electric charge radius. In some, but not all cases, depending on the model, the determined radius agrees well with first-principle predictions from lattice quantum chromodynamics
. This work paves the way for a deeper understanding of the salient role of gluons in providing gravitational mass to visible matter.
The ratio of the nucleon $F_2$ structure functions, $F^n_2/F^p_2$, is determined by the MARATHON experiment from measurements of deep inelastic scattering of electrons from 3H and 3He nuclei. The ...experiment was performed in the Hall A Facility of Jefferson Lab using two high-resolution spectrometers for electron detection, and a cryogenic target system which included a low-activity tritium cell. The data analysis used a novel technique exploiting the mirror symmetry of the two nuclei, which essentially eliminates many theoretical uncertainties in the extraction of the ratio. The results, which cover the Bjorken scaling variable range 0.19 < x < 0.83, represent a significant improvement compared to previous SLAC and Jefferson Lab measurements for the ratio. They are compared to recent theoretical calculations and empirical determinations of the $F^n_2/F^p_2$ ratio.
We have performed the most comprehensive resonance-model fit of π−π−π+ states using the results of our previously published partial-wave analysis (PWA) of a large data set of diffractive-dissociation ...events from the reaction π−+p→π−π−π++precoil with a 190 GeV/c pion beam. The PWA results, which were obtained in 100 bins of three-pion mass, 0.5<m3π<2.5 GeV/c2, and simultaneously in 11 bins of the reduced four-momentum transfer squared, 0.1<t′<1.0 (GeV/c)2, are subjected to a resonance-model fit using Breit-Wigner amplitudes to simultaneously describe a subset of 14 selected waves using 11 isovector light-meson states with JPC=0−+, 1++, 2++, 2−+, 4++, and spin-exotic 1−+ quantum numbers. The model contains the well-known resonances π(1800), a1(1260), a2(1320), π2(1670), π2(1880), and a4(2040). In addition, it includes the disputed π1(1600), the excited states a1(1640), a2(1700), and π2(2005), as well as the resonancelike a1(1420). We measure the resonance parameters mass and width of these objects by combining the information from the PWA results obtained in the 11 t′ bins. We extract the relative branching fractions of the ρ(770)π and f2(1270)π decays of a2(1320) and a4(2040), where the former one is measured for the first time. In a novel approach, we extract the t′ dependence of the intensity of the resonances and of their phases. The t′ dependence of the intensities of most resonances differs distinctly from the t′ dependence of the nonresonant components. For the first time, we determine the t′ dependence of the phases of the production amplitudes and confirm that the production mechanism of the Pomeron exchange is common to all resonances. We have performed extensive systematic studies on the model dependence and correlations of the measured physical parameters.
The E12-14-012 experiment, performed in Jefferson Lab Hall A, has measured the $(e, e'p)$ cross section in parallel kinematics using a natural argon target. Here, we report the full results of the ...analysis of the data set corresponding to beam energy 2.222 GeV, and spanning the missing momentum and missing energy range $15 \lesssim p_m \lesssim 300$ MeV/c and $12 \lesssim E_m \lesssim 80$ MeV. The reduced cross section, determined as a function of $p_m$ and $E_m$ with $\approx$4\% accuracy, has been fitted using the results of Monte Carlo simulations involving a model spectral function and including the effects of final state interactions. The overall agreement between data and simulations turns out to be quite satisfactory ($\chi^2$/n.d.o.f.=1.9). Furthermore, the resulting spectral function will provide valuable new information, needed for the interpretation of neutrino interactions in liquid argon detectors.
To probe CP violation in the leptonic sector using GeV energy neutrino beams in current and future experiments using argon detectors, precise models of the complex underlying neutrino and ...antineutrino interactions are needed. The E12-14-012 experiment at Jefferson Lab Hall A was designed to perform a combined analysis of inclusive and exclusive electron scatterings on both argon (N = 22) and titanium (Z = 22) nuclei using GeV-energy electron beams. The measurement on titanium nucleus provides essential information to understand the neutrino scattering on argon, large contribution to which comes from scattering off neutrons. Here we report the first experimental study of electron-titanium scattering as double-differential cross section at beam energy E = 2.222 GeV and electron-scattering angle theta = 15.541 degrees, measured over a broad range of energy transfer, spanning the kinematical regions in which quasielastic scattering and delta production are the dominant reaction mechanisms. The data provide valuable new information needed to develop accurate theoretical models of the electromagnetic and weak cross sections of these complex nuclei in the kinematic regime of interest to neutrino experiments.
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