We present observations using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array of the CO(2−1), HCN(3−2), and HCO+(3−2) lines in the nearby radio galaxy/brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) NGC 1275 with a ...spatial resolution of ∼20 pc. In previous observations, the CO(2−1) emission was detected as radial filaments lying in the east-west direction on a kiloparsec scale. We resolved the inner filament and found that it cannot be represented by a simple infalling stream on a sub-kiloparsec scale. The observed complex nature of the filament resembles the cold gas structure predicted by numerical simulations of cold chaotic accretion. Within the central 100 pc, we detected a rotational disk of molecular gas whose mass is ∼108 M . This is the first evidence of the presence of a massive cold gas disk on this spatial scale for BCGs. A crude estimate suggests that the accretion rate of the cold gas can be higher than that of hot gas. The disk rotation axis is approximately consistent with the radio-jet axis. This probably suggests that the cold gas disk is physically connected to the innermost accretion disk, which is responsible for jet launching. We also detected absorption features in the HCN(3−2) and HCO+(3−2) spectra against the radio continuum emission mostly radiated by a jet of size ∼1.2 pc. The absorption features are blueshifted from the systemic velocity by ∼300-600 km s−1, suggesting the presence of outflowing gas from the active galactic nucleus (AGN). We discuss the relation of the AGN feeding with cold accretion, the origin of blueshifted absorption, and an estimate of the black hole mass using molecular gas dynamics.
The gamma strength function and level density of 1^{-} states in ^{96}Mo have been extracted from a high-resolution study of the (pover →, pover →^{'}) reaction at 295 MeV and extreme forward angles. ...By comparison with compound nucleus γ decay experiments, this allows a test of the generalized Brink-Axel hypothesis in the energy region of the pygmy dipole resonance. The Brink-Axel hypothesis is commonly assumed in astrophysical reaction network calculations and states that the gamma strength function in nuclei is independent of the structure of the initial and final state. The present results validate the Brink-Axel hypothesis for ^{96}Mo and provide independent confirmation of the methods used to separate gamma strength function and level density in γ decay experiments.
Gamow–Teller (GT) transitions are the most common weak interaction processes of spin–isospin (
σ
τ
) type in atomic nuclei. They are of interest not only in nuclear physics but also in astrophysics; ...they play an important role in supernovae explosions and nucleosynthesis. The direct study of weak decay processes, however, gives relatively limited information about GT transitions and the states excited via GT transitions (GT states);
β
decay can only access states at excitation energies lower than the decay
Q
-value, and neutrino-induced reactions have very small cross-sections. However, one should note that
β
decay has a direct access to the absolute GT transition strengths
B
(GT) from a study of half-lives,
Q
β
-values and branching ratios. They also provide information on GT transitions in nuclei far-from-stability. Studies of
M
1
γ
transitions provide similar information. In contrast, the complementary charge-exchange (CE) reactions, such as the (
p
,
n
) or (
3He,
t
) reactions at intermediate beam energies and 0°, can selectively excite GT states up to high excitation energies in the final nucleus. It has been found empirically that there is a close proportionality between the cross-sections at 0° and the transition strengths
B
(GT) in these CE reactions. Therefore, CE reactions are useful tools to study the relative values of
B
(GT) strengths up to high excitation energies. In recent (
3He,
t
) measurements, one order-of-magnitude improvement in the energy resolution has been achieved. This has made it possible to make one-to-one comparisons of GT transitions studied in CE reactions and
β
decays. Thus GT strengths in (
3He,
t
) reactions can be normalised by the
β
-decay values. In addition, comparisons with closely related
M
1
transitions studied in
γ
decay or electron inelastic scattering (
e
,
e
′
), and furthermore with “spin”
M
1
transitions that can be studied by proton inelastic scattering (
p
,
p
′
) have now been made possible. In these comparisons, the isospin quantum number
T
and associated symmetry structure in the same mass
A
nuclei (isobars) play a key role. Isospin symmetry can extend our scope even to the structures of unstable nuclei that are far from reach at present unstable beam factories.
A new legal framework consisting of three laws for cell‐based and tissue‐based therapies went into effect in November 2014 in Japan. Among the provisions of the laws, the Pharmaceuticals, Medical ...Devices, and Other Therapeutic Products Act (PMD Act) allows conditional and time‐limited approval for regenerative medical products based on the ensured safety and estimated efficacy in small‐scale clinical trials. The new legislation is expected to accelerate safe and fast provision of the innovative products to patients with intractable diseases.
POU5F1B (POU domain class 5 transcription factor 1B), a processed pseudogene that is highly homologous to OCT4, was recently shown to be transcribed in cancer cells, but its clinical relevance and ...biological function have remained unclear. We now show that POU5F1B, which is located adjacent to MYC on human chromosome 8q24, is frequently amplified in gastric cancer (GC) cell lines. POU5F1B, but not OCT4, was also found to be expressed at a high level in GC cell lines and clinical specimens. In addition, the DNA copy number and mRNA abundance for POU5F1B showed a positive correlation in both cancer cell lines and GC specimens. Overexpression of POU5F1B in GC cells promoted colony formation in vitro as well as both tumorigenicity and tumor growth in vivo, and these effects were enhanced in the additional presence of MYC overexpression. Furthermore, knockdown of POU5F1B expression with a short hairpin RNA confirmed a role for the endogenous pseudogene in the promotion of cancer cell growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. POU5F1B overexpression induced upregulation of various growth factors in GC cells as well as exhibited mitogenic, angiogenic and antiapoptotic effects in GC xenografts. Finally, amplification of POU5F1B was detected in 17 (12%) of 145 cases of GC and was a significant predictor of poor prognosis in patients with stage IV disease. In conclusion, we found that the POU5F1B pseudogene is amplified and expressed at a high level in, as well as confers an aggressive phenotype on, GC, and that POU5F1B amplification is associated with a poor prognosis in GC patients.
A
D
(
n
)-
m
-tuple, where
n
is a non-zero integer, is a set of
m
distinct elements in a commutative ring
R
such that the product of any two distinct elements plus
n
is a perfect square in
R
. In ...this paper, we prove that there does not exist a
D
(−1)-quadruple
{
a
,
b
,
c
,
d
}
in the ring
Z
-
k
,
k
≥
2
with positive integers
a
<
b
<
16
a
2
-
a
-
2
+
2
k
(
8
a
2
+
3
a
+
1
)
and integers
c
and
d
satisfying
d
<
0
<
c
. By combining that result with 14, Theorem 1.1 we were able to obtain a general result on the non-existence of a
D
(−1)-quadruple
{
a
,
b
,
c
,
d
}
in
Z
-
k
with integers
a
,
b
,
c
,
d
satisfying
a
<
b
≤
8
a
-
3
. Furthermore, for a non-negative integer
i
and a positive integer
j
, we apply the obtained results in proving of the non-existence of
D
(−1)-quadruples containing powers of primes
p
i
,
q
j
with an arbitrary different primes
p
and
q
.
We present Very Long Baseline Array polarimetric observations of the innermost jet of 3C 84 (NGC 1275) at 43 GHz. A significant polarized emission is detected at the hotspot of the innermost ...restarted jet, which is located 1 pc south from the radio core. While the previous report presented a hotspot at the southern end of the western limb, the hotspot location has been moved to the southern end of the eastern limb. Faraday rotation is detected within an entire bandwidth of the 43 GHz band. The measured rotation measure (RM) is at most (6.3 1.9) × 105 rad m−2 and might be slightly time variable on the timescale of a month by a factor of a few. Our measured RM and the RM previously reported by the CARMA and SMA observations cannot be consistently explained by the spherical accretion flow with a power-law profile. We propose that a clumpy/inhomogeneous ambient medium is responsible for the observed RM. Using an equipartition magnetic field, we derive the electron density of 2 × 104 cm−3. Such an electron density is consistent with the cloud of the narrow line emission region around the central engine. We also discuss the magnetic field configuration from the black hole scale to the parsec scale and the origin of low polarization.
NEJ002 study, comparing gefitinib with carboplatin (CBDCA) and paclitaxel (PTX; Taxol) as the first-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an epidermal growth factor ...receptor (EGFR) mutation, previously reported superiority of gefitinib over CBDCA/PTX on progression-free survival (PFS). Subsequent analysis was carried out mainly regarding overall survival (OS).
For all 228 patients in NEJ002, survival data were updated in December, 2010. Detailed information regarding subsequent chemotherapy after the protocol treatment was also assessed retrospectively and the impact of some key drugs on OS was evaluated.
The median survival time (MST) was 27.7 months for the gefitinib group, and was 26.6 months for the CBDCA/PTX group (HR, 0.887; P=0.483). The OS of patients who received platinum throughout their treatment (n=186) was not statistically different from that of patients who never received platinum (n=40). The MST of patients treated with gefitinib, platinum, and pemetrexed (PEM) or docetaxel (DOC, Taxotere; n=76) was around 3 years.
No significant difference in OS was observed between gefitinib and CBDCA/PTX in the NEJ002 study, probably due to a high crossover use of gefitinib in the CBDCA/PTX group. Considering the many benefits and the risk of missing an opportunity to use the most effective agent for EGFR-mutated NSCLC, the first-line gefitinib is strongly recommended.
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