All that glitters is gold: Highly phosphorescent gold(III) complexes (see picture) with extended π‐conjugated cyclometalating ligands exhibit rich photophysical and photochemical properties. They act ...as efficient photocatalysts/photosensitizers for oxidative functionalizations of secondary and tertiary benzylic amines and homogeneous hydrogen production from a water/acetonitrile mixture.
Personality is an inherent rater’s characteristic influencing rating severity, but very few studies examined their relationship and the findings were inconclusive. This study aimed to re-investigate ...the relationship between raters’ personality and rating severity with more control on relevant variables and more reliable analysis of rating severity. Female novice raters (n = 28) from a demographically homogeneous background were recruited to rate on two occasions essays written by 111 students in an intermediate-level Chinese as a foreign language program. Raters’ personality traits were measured using the complete version of NEO-PI-R. Many-faceted Rasch measurement model and repeated measurement were applied to yield more robust estimates of rating severity. In addition, rating order effect was carefully controlled. Extroversion was found to be positively correlated with severity, r(26) = .495, p = .010. Furthermore, Extroversion was found to be a valid predictor of severity, t(24) = 2.792, p = .010, R2 = .21, Cohen’s d = .77, Hattie’s r = .37. Practical implications for developing more individualized online rater calibration for large-scale writing assessments were discussed, followed by limitations of the present study.
We have developed an optimized protocol for plasma targeted mRNA sequencing in our previous study. Here, we performed plasma targeted mRNA sequencing for 40 colorectal adenoma patients and 39 ...colonoscopy-proven normal controls in order to find potential circulating mRNA markers for colorectal adenoma. Results showed that GSK3A and RHOA were differential expressed genes identified by a cut-off of fold change >2 and adjusted P value < 0.05. More detailed analysis showed that the expression of both GSK3A (0.01-fold with adjusted P < 1 × 10
) and RHOA (0.35-fold with adjusted P < 0.01) in adenoma patients was significantly lower than those in normal healthy subjects. Based on the enrichment analysis of biological process for potential markers, we found that the regulation of programmed cell death (GO: 0043067; GO: 0043069), regulation of cell death (GO: 0010941; GO: 0060548) and cell differentiation (GO: 0021861) were the main processes involved in adenoma formation. In summary, this study is a cutting-edge research on the detection of plasma mRNA in colorectal adenoma patients and normal healthy subjects.
A low Terahertz (324 GHz) frequency generator is realized in 90 nm CMOS by linearly superimposing quadruple (N=4) phase shifted fundamental signals at one fourth of the output frequency (81 GHz). The ...developed technique minimizes the fundamental, second and third order harmonics without extra filtering and results in a high fundamental-to-4 th harmonic signal conversion ratio of 0.17 or -15.4 dB. The demonstrated prototype produces a calibrated -46 dBm output power when biased at 1 V and 12 mA with 4 GHz tuning range and extrapolated phase noise of -91 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz frequency offset. The linear superposition (LS) technique can be generalized for all even number cases (N=2k, where k=1,2,3,4,...,n) with different tradeoffs in output power and frequency. As CMOS continues to scale, we anticipate the LS N=4 VCO to generate signals beyond 2 Terahertz by using 22 nm CMOS and produce output power up to -1.5 dBm with 1.7% power added efficiency with an LS VCO + Class-B Power Amplifier cascaded circuit architecture.
Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most prevalent cancers in developed countries.On the other hand,CRC is also one of the most curable cancers if it is detected in early stages through regular ...colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy.Since CRC develops slowly from precancerous lesions,early detection can reduce both the incidence and mortality of the disease.Fecal occult blood test is a widely used non-invasive screening tool for CRC.Although fecal occult blood test is simple and cost-effective in screening CRC,there is room for improvement in terms of the accuracy of the test.Genetic dysregulations have been found to play an important role in CRC development.With better understanding of the molecular basis of CRC,there is a growing expectation on the development of diagnostic tests based on more sensitive and specific molecular markers and those tests may provide a breakthrough to the limitations of current screening tests for CRC.In this review,the molecular basis of CRC development,the characteristics and applications of different non-invasive molecular biomarkers,as well as the technologies available for the detection were discussed.This review intended to provide a summary on the current and future molecular diagnostics in CRC and its pre-malignant state,colorectal adenoma.
In our previous study, we detected the effects of centrifugal forces on plasma RNA quantification by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The aims of this study were to perform targeted mRNA ...sequencing and data analysis in healthy donors' plasma prepared by two centrifugation protocols and to investigate the effects of centrifugal forces on plasma mRNA quality and quantity. Targeted mRNA sequencing was performed using a custom panel with 108 colorectal cancer-related genes in 18 healthy donors' plasma that prepared by (1) 3,500 g for 10 min at 4°C and (2) 1,600 g for 10 min at 4°C followed by 16,000 g for 10 min at 4°C. Results showed that plasma ribosomal RNA was detected in 16/18 (88.9%) 3,500 g and 6/18 (33.3%) 1,600 g followed by 16,000 g centrifuged plasma. For targeted sequencing, 75/108 (69.4%) and 86/108 (79.6%) genes were detected in 3,500 and 1,600 g followed by 16,000 g, respectively, while 16/108 (14.8%) genes were not detected in both centrifugations. Detailed analysis showed that 2 of 108 (1.85%) genes showed lower expressions in 3,500 g than in 1,600 g followed by 16,000 g. The median expressions of genes in 3,500 g were positively correlated with the expressions in 1,600 g followed by 16,000 g (
= 0.9471,
< 0.0001, Spearman rank correlation). Meanwhile, plasma samples were not distinctively clustered based on centrifugal forces according to hierarchical clustering. Targeted mRNA sequencing and subsequent data analysis were performed in this study to investigate the effects of two different centrifugal forces that are commonly used in plasma collection. Our targeted sequencing results help to understand the centrifugal force effects on plasma mRNA, and these findings show that the centrifugation protocol for plasma mRNA research using targeted sequencing can be standardized which facilitates multicenter studies for comparison and quality assurance in the future.
3D printing has the potential to revolutionize industrial manufacturing through efficient and sustainable techniques. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a broadly deployed technique among various 3D ...printing methods. However, the surface quality of FDM is greatly influenced by multiple factors, making it challenging to unravel the relationship between printing quality and parameter settings. To break through this bottleneck, this study proposes an intelligent approach that combines Transfer Learning (TL)-based Feature Extractor (FE) and Gradient-Boosting Decision Trees (GBDT) to investigate the effects of FDM printing parameters on surface quality. Experiments are conducted in the laboratory to validate the effectiveness of the FE-GBDT, which is then compared with the exemplary Machine Learning (ML) algorithms. The results show that our proposed TL model can achieve high precision and accuracy over 0.9900, demonstrating the efficacy of FE-GBDT in deciphering the impact of FDM printing parameters on surface quality. The contribution of each parameter is evaluated and indicates that layer height could dramatically affect the surface quality with an importance score of 0.626. The results provide valuable insights for the 3D printing community, proving that the FE-GBDT approach offers improved generalization, faster training, enhanced feature extraction, addressing data scarcity, and the ability to leverage the strengths of both approaches for superior performance across various tasks.
A panel of stable Au(R-C--N--C)(N-heterocyclic carbene)(+) complexes displays prominent in vitro anticancer properties; Au(C--N--C)(IMe)CF(3)SO(3) (1, IMe = 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene) ...significantly poisons topoisomerase I in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in nude mice model.
Millimeter and submillimeter indium phosphide (InP) microwave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs) are increasingly used in applications spanning Earth science, astrophysics, and defense. In this ...paper, we characterize direct detection and heterodyne gain fluctuations of 35-, 30-, and 25-nm gate-length InP MMIC low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) designed for the 200-670-GHz frequency range. Of the twelve MMIC LNAs, five pairs have also been measured in multistage or cascaded configuration. In direct detection mode, the MMICs room temperature (RT) 1/f noise spectrum and responsivity were measured. From these the power spectral density, the noise equivalent temperature difference (NETD), equivalent system noise temperature (T sys DD ), and low-frequency normalized gain fluctuations (ΔG/G) are derived. On the same set of MMIC LNAs, using a heterodyne down conversion technique, the Allan variance method is applied to obtain the Allan stability time and normalized 4-8 GHz gain fluctuation noise at both RT and two cryogenic temperatures. We find in the case of 35-, 30-, and 25-nm gate-length InP MMIC LNAs that the derived direct detection and heterodyne gain stability is highly process dependent with only a secondary dependence on gate periphery, the number of gate fingers, and/or gain stages. This observation confirms the underlying solid-state physics understanding that gain fluctuation noise is the result of a temporal distribution of the generation and recombination of electron free carriers due to lattice defects and surface impurities. Upon cooling below ~66 K, it is observed that on average gain fluctuations increase by ≳2.2× and the Allan stability time decreases by ~2.5×. The presented measurement results compare favorably
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