Croton sphaerogynus is a shrub from the Atlantic Rain Forest in southeastern Brazil. A lyophilized crude EtOH extract from leaves of C. sphaerogynus, obtained by maceration at room temperature (seven ...days), was suspended in methanol and partitioned with hexane. The purified MeOH phase was fractionated over Sephadex LH-20 yielding five fractions (F1–F5) containing flavonoids, as characterized by HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS analyses. The antiproliferative activity of the crude EtOH extract, MeOH and hexane phases, and fractions F1–F5 was evaluated on in vitro cell lines NCI-H460 (nonsmall cell lung), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and U251 (glioma). The MeOH phase showed activity (mean log GI50 0.54) higher than the hexane phase and EtOH extract (mean log GI50 1.13 and 1.19, resp.). F1 exhibited activity against NCI-H460 (nonsmall cell lung) (GI50 1.2 μg/mL), which could be accounted for the presence of flavonoids and/or diterpenes. F4 showed moderate activity (mean log GI50 1.05), while F5 showed weak activity (mean log GI50 1.36). It is suggested that the antiproliferative activity of the crude EtOH extract and MeOH phase is accounted for a synergistic combination of flavonoids and diterpenes.
Este artigo aborda a questão da construção do conhecimento de verdades através das experiências humanas, contrapondo a ideia hodierna de separação entre teoria-prática, ciência-cotidiano, ...sujeito-objeto. A ciência moderna reivindica legitimação de um lugar de experiência segura, neutra e acessível, submetendo a validez de quaisquer sabedorias à sua comprovação e seu campo de análise. Abordar a experiência humana como conhecimento válido, implica em considerar a subjetividade, os sentidos, a história e memória dos acontecimentos, impossíveis de captar a partir dos métodos científicos hegemônicos. Dessa forma, é apresentado um estudo de natureza teórica-qualitativa hermenêutica de uma obra tradicional antiga do Yoga, os Yoga Sūtras de Patañjali. Com a mediação do conceito de experiência de Hans-Georg Gadamer, são destacados os pressupostos para o conhecimento como sabedoria prática: repetição e ressignificação, abertura e disposição ao desconhecido, integridade e agir ético, rememoração no presente (abhyāsa, vairāgya, sraddha, vīrya, smrti, samādhiprajñā). Analisa, no conjunto desta obra tradicional, o conceito de experiência como aprendizado, liberação da ignorância/ sofrimento humanos e o propósito da manifestação dos fenômenos (bhoga-apavargatam). Discute o processo do aprendizado como um constante movimento de discernimento através de rupturas com preconceitos, da lembrança do si em rede de relações e do reconhecimento de fronteiras da razão humana. Os ensinamentos tradicionais do yoga possibilitam a perspectiva do conhecimento de si como experiência do distanciamento, não como isolamento ou indiferença, mas para percepção da interdependência de relações e da ampliação de horizontes para a contínua (e infinita) construção do conhecimento de verdades.
Production of recombinant B-domain–deleted canine factor VIII (cFVIII-BDD) unexpectedly revealed superior protein yields with 3-fold increased specific activity relative to human FVIII-BDD ...(hFVIII-BDD). We also determined that activated cFVIII-BDD is more stable than activated hFVIII-BDD. Furthermore, cFVIII-BDD is efficient at inducing hemostasis in human plasma containing FVIII inhibitors. Infusion of cFVIII-BDD in hemophilia A dogs resulted in correction of the disease phenotype with a pharmacokinetic profile similar to clinical experience with hFVIII-BDD. Notably, immune tolerance challenges with cFVIII-BDD in young and adult hemophilia A dogs did not induce the formation of neutralizing or nonneutralizing antibodies to cFVIII. These data establish the framework to quantitatively investigate the efficacy and safety in preclinical studies of novel therapies for hemophilia A.
This study summarizes the first effort to search for bioindicator tree species and respective potential biomarkers for future assessment of potential mixed pollution effects on the highly diverse ...Atlantic Forest in SE-Brazil. Leaves of the three most abundant species inventoried in a phytosociological survey (Croton floribundus, Piptadenia gonoacantha and Astronium graveolens) were collected in four forest remnants during winter and summer (2012). Their potential bioindicator attributes were highlighted using a screening of morphological, chemical and biochemical markers. The leaf surface structure and/or epicuticular wax composition pointed the accumulator properties of C. floribundus and P. gonoacantha. C. floribundus is a candidate for assessing potential accumulation of Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, S and Zn. P. gonoacantha is a candidate to monitor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Increased levels of secondary metabolites and decreased antioxidant capacity in leaves of A. graveolens may support its value as a bioindicator for oxidative pollutants by visible dark stipplings.
•We searched for tree species from Atlantic Forest for future air pollution monitoring in Brazil.•Croton floribundus, Astronium graveolens and Piptadenia gonoacantha were possible bioindicators.•P. gonoachanta was a potential bioindicator of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.•C. floribundus was a potential bioindicator of heavy metals and sulfur.•A. graveolens may be used for monitoring oxidative pollutants, due to its biochemical leaf traits.
Inherent characteristics of the most abundant native tree species were potential biomarkers for assessing pollution effects on the highly diverse Atlantic Forest in SE-Brazil.
Syncope is a common clinical problem that accounts for 1-3% of all emergency department (ED) visits. Its prognosis is extremely variable with a 1-year mortality that may reach 30%. There are no ...available data about the accuracy of nursing triage in identifying high-risk syncope. The aim of our study was to evaluate the predictive accuracy of nursing triage in identifying high-risk syncope.
We conducted a retrospective study on 678 consecutive patients who presented with syncope at four EDs. For each patient, nursing triage, comorbidities, clinical features and adverse events that occurred both in the ED and at 10-day follow-up were assessed. Adverse events included death, readmission to ED, need for major therapeutic procedures, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, intensive care unit admittance, acute antiarrhythmic therapy and major causes of syncope identified during the ED evaluation. Predictive accuracy of nursing triage was evaluated.
We observed a total of 55 (8.1%) adverse events. Eight of them (9.4%) occurred among the 85 patients who were identified as high priority by nursing triage. Sensitivity (Sn) and specificity (Sp) of urgent nursing triage in identifying adverse outcomes in the ED (19 patients) were 21% (95% CI 3% to 39%) and 88% (95% CI 85% to 90%), while the positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR-) were 1.7 and 0.9, respectively. Sn and Sp for 10-day adverse events were 15% (95% CI 5% to 24%) and 88% (95% CI 85% to 90%), respectively, with a LR+ of 1.18 and a LR- of 0.98.
Nursing triage was characterised by a low predictive accuracy in identifying high-risk individuals.
This paper presents data collected in 2013, 2014 and 2015 on the cultural practices and agronomic performance of cropping systems in 500 lowland rice fields located in five regions of three West ...African countries, Benin, Mali and Sierra Leone. Data were collected in two stages. In the first stage, the main regions containing inland valleys were identified in each of the three countries and the most cultivated inland valley in each region was selected. Weather data were obtained from weather stations located close to the selected inland valleys. In regions with no weather stations, Tinytag data loggers were installed in the inland valleys to collect data on temperature, rainfall and relative humidity. In the second stage, the location and size of all the farmers' fields in each inland valley were determined using GPS devices. In 2013, soil samples were collected in each farmer's field and the soil physical-chemical properties were determined. Agronomic and socio-economic surveys were conducted to collect data on cultivated crops, crop sequences and management techniques using questionnaires and informal interviews. Crop yields were determined in each farmer's field in the growing season. The database contains a total of 131 variables divided into 9 themes: field characteristics, land preparation, field maintenance, irrigation, residue management, soil data, weather data, crop productions in the dry season and crop production in the rainy season.
A short description of the muon tomography demonstrator at the INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro near Padua, Italy, is given and the principal achievements owing to the data collected at that ...experimental facility are presented. In particular, the feasibility studies for several applications based on the muon-tomographic technology, within national and European projects, are discussed. The experimental problems and the procedures used to improve the performance are underlined. In addition, new activities and the related detector optimization are illustrated.This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Cosmic-ray muography'.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of the Root ZX II (RZX), Raypex 6 (RAY), EPex Pro (EPEX), and CanalPro (CNP) electronic foramen locators (EFLs) in different foraminal morphologies ...(fully formed foramen, immature foramen with parallel walls, and immature foramen with divergent walls); this article also evaluated the influence of different penetration levels (0.0 mm and -1.0 mm).
Thirty single-rooted human premolars were accessed and had their cervical/middle thirds prepared with SX ProTaper files. The apical foramens (AF) were standardized to 250 µm and the initial root canal length (RCL1) was measured under 16x magnification with aid of a digital caliper. Using the alginate model, electronic measurements (EM) were taken 1.0 mm up to AF (EM1/-1) and at AF (EM1/0), always using adjusted hand K-files. The root apexes were then cross-sectioned 3.0 mm from the foramen; then, new RCL (RCL2) and electronic measurements were performed (EM2/-1 and EM2/0.0). Finally, retropreparations were performed with instruments SX ProTaper files introduced 4.0 mm in the apicocervical direction. Then new RCL (RCL3) and electronic measurements (EM3/-1 and EM3/0) were performed.
Values were tabulated and tested for normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test, which yielded nonparametric distributions of the data. Data were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests to estimate possible differences between devices as a function of foramen morphology and/or apical limit. The significance level was set at 5.0%.
In general, the EFLs were accurate in determining the RCL. Statistically significant differences were observed between EPEX and RAY at 0.0, when measuring the divergent AF canals (
< 0.05). Regarding the different foramen morphologies in each EFL, RZX and EPEX showed no interference (
> 0.05), whereas RAY and CNP had lower accuracy levels at 0.0 with divergent AF (
< 0.05).
The four devices evaluated are accurate to determine the RCL in the conditions tested. The apical limit of penetration did not have significant influence on their accuracy. Conversely, the presence of divergence in the AF walls negatively influenced de RAY and CNP precisions at the foraminal level.
Touch and mechanical sensations require the development of several different kinds of sensory neurons dedicated to respond to certain types of mechanical stimuli. The transcription factor Shox2 ...(short stature homeobox 2) is involved in the generation of TRKB
low-threshold mechanoreceptors (LTMRs), but mechanisms terminating this program and allowing alternative fates are unknown. Here, we show that the conditional loss of the miR-183-96-182 cluster in mouse leads to a failure of extinction of Shox2 during development and an increase in the proportion of Aδ LTMRs (TRKB
/NECAB2
) neurons at the expense of Aβ slowly adapting (SA)-LTMRs (TRKC
/Runx3
) neurons. Conversely, overexpression of miR-183 cluster that represses Shox2 expression, or loss of Shox2, both increase the Aβ SA-LTMRs population at the expense of Aδ LTMRs. Our results suggest that the miR-183 cluster determines the timing of Shox2 expression by direct targeting during development, and through this determines the population sizes of Aδ LTMRs and Aβ SA-LTMRs.
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