We hypothesized that in patients with negative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images T(2) weighted fast spin-echo (FSE) images and T(1) weighted spin-echo (SE) images before and after ...intravenous administration of gadolinium-based contrast medium display no pathology either. Thus, we assessed the negative predictive value of FLAIR images to rule out MR-detectable brain lesions. 1026 consecutive cranial MR examinations were reviewed. Routine MRI of the brain included T(1) weighted coronal imaging before and after administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine, axial T(2) weighted FSE and fast-FLAIR imaging. The FLAIR images were rated by two radiologists into categories of 0 (without pathologic changes) and 1 (with pathologic changes). Two other radiologists analysed the complete examination. In 284 MR examinations of the brain no abnormalities were found (28%). FLAIR-ratings were false-negative in four cases and false-positive in 30 cases. Sensitivity and specificity of the FLAIR sequence for MR-detectable brain lesions were 99.5% and 89.4%. The unselective application of gadolinium avoided one false-negative MR-reading and improved the sensitivity of the MR-examination from 99.5% to 99.6%. Positive and negative predictive values were 96.1% and 98.4%, respectively. The interobserver reliability was kappa=0.93 for the FLAIR-readers and 0.89 for the readers who rated the complete examination. In conclusion, negative FLAIR images provide a high negative predictive value for MR-detectable brain lesions. Thus, in patients with negative FLAIR images the unselective application of gadolinium seems to be unnecessary.
This investigation describes the variability in location of functionally important persylvian landmarks and of the calcarine sulcus within the Talairach stereotaxic grid, a system frequently used for ...cortical localization in functional images. Twenty healthy volunteers (40 hemispheres) had MR imaging under stereotaxic conditions. Outlines of the following structures were directly identified on sagittal 5-mm MR sections and marked on individual proportional grid overlays: inferior central sulcus, inferior precentral sulcus, inferior postcentral sulcus, anterior ascending ramus and posterior rami of the sylvian fissure, superior temporal sulcus, and calcarine sulcus. Maximal variation zones for these landmarks were defined by superimposition of the standardized individual data on a standard stereotaxic grid. The sulcal variation zones measured 1.5-2.0 cm. The findings indicate that macroanatomic individuality in the cerebral surface cannot be accounted for adequately by proportional coordinates, and that this method does not allow precise definition of anatomically based regions of interest for functional imaging. Instead, MR mapping of the individual sulcus pattern should be used to generate brain templates.
Toward the Development of Theory Furst, Lyndon G.
Journal of research on christian education,
20/9/1/, Letnik:
12, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Furst discusses the importance of integrating faith and learning in the practice of teaching. Among others, he remarks that it will be a help in understanding the world where one lives in by ...providing a model that explains why events happen and what might be expected to happen when one takes certain actions. In so doing, the cause of Christianity can be advanced.
Signal loss due to poststenotic turbulence is one remaining limitation in the clinical use of MRA. The objective of this study was to determine the factors influencing poststenotic signal loss (PSL) ...in a stenotic tube system.
With use of a two-dimensional gradient echo sequence (FLASH), the influence of (a) the degree of stenosis (50, 75, and 91% cross-sectional area reduction), (b) flow velocity (12, 47, 71, and 94 cm/s), (c) TE (3, 6, 13, and 20 ms), and (d) flip angle (5, 10, 20, ... , 90 degrees) on the length of PSL was measured in a nonpulsatile stenotic tube system. To quantify the effect of first-order gradient motion refocusing (GMR), the signal intensity ratio from flow-compensated and -uncompensated images was calculated. For statistical analysis, multiple regression analysis and unpaired Student t test were used.
In the flow model used, the length of PSL increased significantly with the degree of stenosis (beta ST' = 0.483 mm/%, beta ST" = 0.447 mm/%, p < 0.0001), flow velocity (beta v' = 0.297 s, beta v" = 0.213 s, p < 0.0001), and TE (beta TE = 1.88 mm/ms, p < 0.0001), respectively, whereas no correlation emerged for varying flip angles (beta alpha = 0.0214, p = 0.29). First-order GMR reduced significantly PSL in through-plane measurements (p < 0.0001). Maximal signal-enhancing effects of first-order GMR were observed 1-3 cm distal to the stenosis.
Flow model parameters (i.e., degree of stenosis, flow velocity) markedly influenced the length of PSL that could be compensate for by use orf shortened TEs and first-order GMR. Varying flip angles had no significant influence on PSL.
A recent application of endosonography in the evaluation of anal sphincter morphology has led to controversy about the possibility of precisely assessing the diameter of external and internal anal ...sphincter muscles. On the other hand, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed to allow a more detailed view of the anatomy of the pelvic floor. However, both techniques have not yet been compared directly.
Eight healthy volunteers (age range, 25-40 years; 5:3, male:female) participated. Anal ultrasound was performed using a 7.5-MHz rectal transducer which produced a transversal panorama display of 360 degrees, allowing an image perpendicular to the anal canal. Imaging of the diameter of the internal and external anal sphincter muscles was performed with the transducer placed in the midanal canal, and measurement was always performed by the same investigator in dorsal projection. MRI was performed using a 1.5 Tesla Magnetom (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) to obtain sagittal and angled axial (perpendicular to the anal canal) planes for consecutive 3-mm slices which were evaluated by four independent raters.
Muscle thickness of the sphincter muscles in dorsal projection was 1.96 +/- 0.61 mm for the internal sphincter and 6.35 +/- 1.07 mm for the external sphincter using ultrasound. It was 1.72 +/- 0.13 mm and 3.99 +/- 0.99 mm, respectively, using MRI. When both measures were compared, only the internal sphincter data correlated significantly (r = 0.818, P = 0.0023) between both measures. Sagittal resonance imaging of the anal canal did not allow for differentiation of both muscles at all. Differentiation among mucosa, submucosa, and internal anal sphincter is not possible with MRI but may well be performed with high-resolution ultrasound.
Anal ultrasound carries the potential of becoming a routine clinical procedure for evaluation of the anal anatomy and morphology in defecation disorders, but current MRI assessment of the anal anatomy is elaborate, costly, and does not provide any further insights.
Identifier dans quelle mesure un apport de mouvement au niveau de l’école enfantine peut avoir un impact sur la créativité des jeunes enfants.
Quatre-vingt-six enfants issus de 11 classes enfantines ...dont la pratique hebdomadaire de mouvement est différente ont participé à l’étude. Les enfants ont porté des accéléromètres (GT1M) et passé le test de créativité de Krampen (1996) à plusieurs reprises sur une période de deuxans.
Les résultats montrent que les enfants fréquentant les classes dans lesquelles le mouvement est favorisé sont effectivement les plus actives en termes d’activité physique modérée et vigoureuse (moderate to vigourous physical activity MVPA) comme en counts par minute (counts per minute CountsPmin). Ces résultats se retrouvent surtout au niveau du temps scolaire (p<0,01) et sont plus nuancés pour la pratique extrascolaire. De plus, les résultats mettent en avant que des différences en termes de créativité apparaissent entre les individus selon les classes qu’ils fréquentent. Plus spécifiquement, selon les sous-échelles considérées et la période considérée, les scores obtenus pour les individus fréquentant les classes les plus actives sont supérieurs aux scores obtenus pour les individus fréquentant des classes normales.
Comprendre les enjeux de l’implantation de tels programmes ainsi qu’évaluer leurs effets sur le long terme sont des perspectives à développer pour les recherches futures dans ce domaine.
The aim of this research is to see how move contribution at kindergarten may have an impact on children's creativity. Eighty-six children took part in the study, being divided into three groups according to their weekly move activity. The pupils had accelerometers (GT1M) and took Krampen's creativity test (1996). The results show that the children, attending classes with move, get superior values in moderate to vigourous physical activity (MVPA) and especially superior ones in counts per minute (CountsPmin) in their school life (P<0.01). The results are more qualified in extra-curricular activities. Moreover, the results show differences in terms of creativity between pupils, depending on the classes they attend. More specifically, depending on the sub-tests and the period considered, the scores obtained by the classes with move, are superior of those of normal classes. To understand the stakes of the introduction of such programmes, as well as their effects in the long term, are prospects to consider for future research in this field.
Bile leak is a well-known complication of cholecystectomy. Endoscopic drainage and decompression of the biliary system including temporary insertion of a biliary stent is generally considered the ...treatment of choice. We report the successful obliteration of a bile leak using fibered platinum coils placed under fluoroscopic guidance after stent treatment had failed.
Fibromyalgia is a common chronic pain syndrome affecting particularly middle aged women. The symptomatology is characterized by diffuse widespread myofascial pain and tenderness on palpation at ...multiple "tender points". Additional symptoms are various vegetative and functional disorders, nonrestorative sleep, depression and anxiety. Etiology and pathogenesis of fibromyalgia still remain unclear. Current pathogenetic theories conceptualize a combination of biological and psychic, social and mental factors. Diagnosis is based on the characteristic clinical presentation, the presence of multiple tender points and the exclusion of certain disorders with similar symptoms. Laboratory examinations and imaging only provide nonconclusive results. Medication and physical therapies only accomplish some temporary symptomatic relief (30-50%). Psychosomatic rehabilitation should not focus on reduction of pain, but rather on physical reconditioning and development of an active coping style. In this context psychological interventions, education and psychotherapy are essential.
