Negative organ donation rates among the Gypsies is much higher than that of any other social group in Spain. However, living donation rates have not been raised much in this social group, despite the ...existence of several Gypsy patients on the waiting list for transplantation.
To analyze the attitude toward related living donation among the Gypsy population who reside in Spain.
This type of study is an observational sociological study. The study consisted of the adult Gypsy population residing in Spain, and a random sampling of 230 adult gypsies was conducted. Attitude questionnaires for live donation, both hepatic PCID-DVH-Ríos and renal PCID-DVR-Ríos, were used, and random selection was based on stratification. Questionnaires were self-administered and completed anonymously. Student t test, χ2, Fisher, and a logistic regression analysis were used.
A sample of 206 Gypsies (52% women) with a mean age of 34 years is obtained. Seventy-two percent (n = 150) would donate an organ to a relative in life, 8% (n = 16) would not donate it, and 20% (n = 41) have doubts. Respondents with a favorable attitude toward living donation presented a more favorable attitude toward cadaveric organ donation (55% vs 0%, P < .001). The attitude toward living kidney donation was more favorable (81% in favor) than toward living liver donation (P < .001).
The Gypsy ethnic group is sensitized to live donor transplantation. The family and cultural roots of Gypsy people could condition this favorable attitude, a fact to be taken into account to sensitize this social group and promote donation campaigns with the aim of increasing donation rates.
•The Gypsy population presents cultural and social peculiarities that have made it difficult to integrate into the societies where they reside.•No studies have been described before that analyze the attitude toward living donation in this population group.•The Gypsy ethnic group is sensitized to live donor transplantation if a family member needs it.•The family and cultural roots of Gypsies could condition the favorable attitude toward related living donation.
The involvement of health professionals from their training period is important for the promotion of living liver donation. There are data that indicate that the awareness of living donation is lower ...in areas with high rates of deceased donation.
To analyze the attitude toward living liver donation among Spanish medical students, according to donation rates of their regions.
Population under study: Medical students in Spanish universities. Database of the Collaborative International Donor Project, stratified by geographic area and academic course. The completion was anonymous and self-administered. Groups under study: group 1 (n = 1136): students in universities of regions with >50 donors per million population (pmp); group 2 (n = 2018): students in region universities with <40 donors pmp. Assessment instrument: the attitude questionnaire for living liver donation Proyecto Colaborativo Internacional Donante sobre Donación de Vivo Hepático-Ríos (PCID-DVH Ríos).
The attitude toward related liver donation is more favorable among the students of regions with <40 donors pmp than among those of >50 donors pmp. Thus, in group 1, a total of 88% (n = 1002) of students are in favor compared with 91% (n = 1831) of group 2 (P=.02). The psychosocial profile of each study group about their attitude toward living related liver donation is analyzed. There is a similar profile between the 2 groups, although there are differences in some variables such as age, a belief that one might need a transplant, family discussion about donation and transplantation, discussion with friends about donation and transplantation, and knowing about a donor.
The awareness of living related donation among Spanish medical students is greater among the regions with lower organ donation rates.
•The awareness of related living donation among Spanish medical students is greater among the regions with lower organ donation rates.•The psychosocial profile of each study group about their attitude toward living related liver donation is similar.•There are differences in some variables such as age, a belief that one might need a transplant, family discussion about donation and transplantation, discussion with friends about donation and transplantation, and knowing about a donor.•No differences in attitude are observed depending on donation rates of their geographic area.
The awareness of organ donation among health professionals is important at the time of transplant promotion. In this sense, the training and awareness of the professionals in training is fundamental.
...To analyze the differences in the attitude toward organ donation and the factors that condition it among medical students of regions with donation rates >50 donors per million population (pmp) with respect to those with rates <40 donor pmp.
Population under study: medical students in Spanish universities. Database of the Collaborative International Donor Project, stratified by geographic area and academic course. The completion was anonymous and self-administered. Groups under study: Group 1 (n = 1136): students in universities of regions with >50 donors pmp. Group 2 (n = 2018): university students in regions with <40 donors pmp. Assessment instrument: attitude questionnaire for organ donation for transplant PCID-DTO-Ríos.
The attitude toward organ donation for transplantation is similar among students from the autonomous communities with >50 donors pmp and with <40 donors pmp. In group 1, 79% (n = 897) of students are in favor compared with 81% (n = 1625) of group 2 (P=.29). The psychosocial profile toward donation is similar in both groups relating to the following variables (P < .05): sex, having discussed transplantation with family and as a couple, considering the possibility of needing a transplant, involvement in prosocial activities, attitude toward the manipulation of corpses, knowledge of the brain death concept, and religion.
The awareness of organ donation in Spanish medical students is quite homogeneous and is not related to the local donation rates of each region.
•The awareness of organ donation in Spanish medical students is quite homogeneous and is not related to the local donation rates of each region.•The attitude toward organ donation for transplantation is similar among students from the autonomous communities with > 50 donors per million population (pmp) and with < 40 donors pmp.•In both groups, the attitude toward own organ donation at death is related to all psychosocial variables analyzed.•Only a few years ago pmp donation ceilings were proposed, and now they are currently exceeded.•Obtaining high donation rates does not guarantee its persistence over time, so the process must be permanently promoted.
The refusal to consider death and the donation and transplantation of organs make Gypsies one of the subpopulation groups with the lowest donation rates in Europe. The approach of this social group ...implies the support of the most favorable social groups within their own ethnic group. In this sense, the young population with a high level of education is usually the most favorable toward organ donation.
To analyze the attitude toward the donation of one's own organs for transplantation among the Gypsy population under 45 years and with secondary or university studies.
Population under study: The Gypsy population under 45 years old with secondary or university studies who currently reside in Spain. Assessment instrument: The attitude questionnaire for organ donation for transplantation PCID–DTO Ríos. Fieldwork: A random selection based on stratification. Anonymity and self-administered fulfillment. Statistics: Student t test and χ2.
A total of 44 Gypsy people under 45 years of age were surveyed (mean age 31 ± 8.9 years); 66% were women, and the rest were men. Of these, 20 had university studies, and 24 had secondary or vocational studies. The attitude is favorable toward organ donation in 64% of the respondents, with 80% among university students and 50% among those with secondary or vocational education (P < .005).
The young Gypsy population with university studies has a very favorable attitude toward organ donation. This population subgroup must be key in the promotion of organ donation in the Gypsy population, so the transplant coordinators must request their collaboration in the promotion campaigns of organ donation and transplantation.
•The Gypsy population presents cultural and social peculiarities that have made it difficult to integrate into the societies they live in.•The refusal to consider death and the donation and transplantation of organs make the Gypsies one of the subpopulation groups with the lowest donation rates in Europe.•The young Gypsy population with university studies has a very favorable attitude toward organ donation.•The young Gypsy population with university studies must be key in the promotion of organ donation in the Gypsy population, so the transplant coordinators must request the university students and graduates' collaboration in the promotion campaigns of organ donation and transplantation.
T-Shaped 2 H -benzo d 1,2,3triazole derivatives have been synthesized by Sonogashira coupling reactions under microwave irradiation. DFT calculations were performed in order to understand the ...structure–property relationships – an aspect that is of vital importance for the rational design of organic self-assemblies for optoelectronic applications. Concentration-dependent 1 H Pulse Field-Gradient Spin-Echo (PFGSE) NMR spectroscopy and UV/Vis spectrophotometry indicated the absence of a tendency for the aggregation of single molecules in solution. In contrast, in the solid state these compounds form organized aggregates and these were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed the influence that the peripheral substitution has on the morphology of the aggregates. For example, methoxy-substituted benzotriazoles self-assemble into thick and crystalline needle-like structures. However, the unsubstituted triazoles give rise to flower-like aggregates. Interestingly, the aggregates formed by benzotriazole 1c exhibit waveguide properties.
The present manuscript focuses on the study of the electrochemical oxidation of the insecticide Chlorfenvinphos (CVP). The assays were carried out under galvanostatic conditions using boron-doped ...diamond (BDD) and low-cost tin dioxide doped with antimony (Sb-doped SnO2) as anodes. The influence of the operating variables, such as applied current density, presence or absence of a cation-exchange membrane and concentration of supporting electrolyte, was discussed. The results revealed that the higher applied current density the higher degradation and mineralization of the insecticide for both anodes. The presence of the membrane and the highest concentration of Na2SO4 studied (0.1 M) as a supporting electrolyte benefited the oxidation process of CVP using the BDD electrode, while with the ceramic anode the elimination of CVP was lower under these experimental conditions. Although the BDD electrode showed the best performance, ceramic anodes appear as an interesting alternative as they were able to degrade CVP completely for the highest applied current density values. Toxicity tests revealed that the initial solution of CVP was more toxic than the samples treated with the ceramic electrode, while using the BDD electrode the toxicity of the sample increased.
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•Electrochemical oxidation of CVP is studied with ceramic SnO2–Sb2O3 and BDD anodes.•CVP is efficiently oxidized over both anodes tested.•The use of a membrane reactor worsens the process with the ceramic electrode.•The separator improves the process with the BDD.•The formation of S2O82− is favoured using the BDD, which increase the toxicity.
The electrochemical oxidation of the antibiotic Norfloxacin (NOR) in chloride media on different anodic materials was studied at two different electrochemical reactors. The results were compared with ...those obtained in sulphate media. The anodes under study were a commercial boron-doped diamond (BBD) and two different ceramic electrodes based on tin oxide doped with antimony oxide in the presence (CuO) and absence (BCE) of copper oxide as sintering aid. The reactors employed were a one-compartment reactor (OCR) and a two-compartment one with a membrane separating both electrodes (EMR). The use of the membrane clearly enhanced both NOR degradation and TOC mineralization for all the anodic materials studied since some parallel reactions were avoided. Additionally, two different pathways for NOR oxidation were observed as a function of the reactor employed. The EMR also favoured the ionic by-products generation and the electrolyte dechlorination. NO3− increased with the oxidation power of the anode employed and it was also enhanced by the EMR use. Chloride media favours ceramic electrodes performance independently of the reactor employed as they did not generate an excess of oxidants as BDD did. The BCE electrode is an interesting alternative to BDD since although its oxidative power was lower, it presented similar current efficiency with lower energy consumption.
•Norfloxacin ELOX is an irreversible process controlled not only by mass transfer.•BDD showed the highest oxidative power achieving complete NOR mineralization.•Basic ceramic electrode showed good degradation behavior at low energy consumption.•CuO ceramic electrode worse its performance after its first use due to its Cu loss.
The increase in the consumption of pharmaceutical compounds has caused the increment of their presence in different body waters. β-blockers are one of the most dangerous even at low concentrations ...(ng L−1). Anodic oxidation with a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode presents good results to remove these compounds. However, since this anode is expensive, some cheaper materials are under study. In this work, Sb-doped SnO2 ceramic anodes (BCE) coated with Zn or Cd ferrites, in order to provide photocatalytic properties, have been applied to the degradation of the Atenolol (ATL) β-blocker. Increasing the applied current increased ATL degradation and mineralization but caused a decrease in mineralization current efficiency (MCE) and an increase in energy consumption (ETOC). Additionally, light irradiation enhanced the ATL mineralization rate between 10% and 20% for both ferrites, although this increase was higher for the cadmium ferrite one. Finally, when the ferrites were compared with BDD and BCE anodes, the oxidizing power of the different anodic materials can be ordered as follows BDD> Cd-Fe> Zn-Fe> BCE. Therefore, both ferrites improved the BCE performance but only the cadmium one appeared as an alternative to the BDD, especially for MCE and ETOC, reaching values of 15% and 0.5 kWh gTOC−1, respectively.
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•Ceramic electrode can be coated with different ferrites to enhance its performance.•Cd-Fe and Zn-Fe have shown photocatalytic activity.•Combining electro-oxidation with Visible light irradiation improve ATL elimination.•Cd-Fe provided results close to those obtained by a commercial BDD anode.
This clinical, analytical, retro-prospective, auto-controlled, not randomized, and not blinded study, aimed to investigate the association of changes in the serum glucose levels with the pre-and-post ...changes in the size tumor in mm
in the Non-Functional pituitary adenomas.
Pre-and post-surgical MRI, as well as the measurements in the serum glucose levels and immunohistochemical techniques were performed in all the patients in the study, with a mean followed-up until 208.57 days. A comparison was made between the reductions in tumor size of hormonally active pituitary adenomas (HSPAs) vs NFPAs.
Seventy-four patients were included in this study, of whom, 46 were NFPAs. The decrease in the NFPAs tumor size after surgery was statistically significant (
0.0001
The Mean of the differences of both type of tumors in mm
were -9552 ± 10287. Pre-surgery, the mean of the HSPAs were 8.923 ± 2.078; and the NFPAs were 14.161 ± 1.912. The differences in the tumor size were statistically significant (
). Post-surgical, the mean of the HSPAs were 2.079 ± 971, with a (
: and the NFPAs were 4.609 ± 1.205. After surgery of the NFPAs, most of the patients-maintained serum levels ≤ 100 mg/dL, with a statistical significance (
0.0003).
This study demonstrates for the first time the correlation between the presence of pre-and post- surgical changes in the NFPAs, with modifications in the levels of serum glucose, and the comparison, pre- and post-surgical between the tumor size of HSPAs and NFPAs.
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