The Brassica oleracea industry generates large amounts of by-products to which value could be added because of the characteristics of their composition. The aim was to extract different fibre ...fractions from broccoli stalks to obtain potential new added-value ingredients. Using an ethanol and water extraction procedure, two fibre-rich fractions (total fibre fraction, TFB, and insoluble fibre fraction, IFB) were obtained. These fractions were analysed to determine the nutritional, (poly)phenols and glucosinolates composition and physicochemical properties, comparing the results with those of freeze-dried broccoli stalks (DBS). Although TFB showed a higher content of total dietary fibre, IFB had the same content of insoluble dietary fibre as TFB (54%), better hydration properties, higher content of glucosinolates (100 mg/100 g d.w.) and (poly)phenols (74.7 mg/100 g d.w.). The prebiotic effect was evaluated in IFB and compared with DBS by in vitro fermentation with human faecal slurries. After 48 h, the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production was higher with IFB than with DBS because of the greater presence of both uronic acids, the main component of pectin, and (poly)phenols. These results reveal that novel fibre-rich ingredients—with antioxidant, technological and physiological effects—could be obtained from broccoli stalks by using green extraction methods.
The 'red complex' is an aggregate of three oral bacteria (
,
and
) responsible for severe clinical manifestation of periodontal disease. Here, we report the first direct evidence of ancient
DNA in ...dentin and dental calculus samples from archaeological skeletal remains that span from the Pre-Hispanic to the Colonial period in Mexico. We recovered twelve partial ancient
genomes and observed a distinct phylogenetic placement of samples, suggesting that the strains present in Pre-Hispanic individuals likely arrived with the first human migrations to the Americas and that new strains were introduced with the arrival of European and African populations in the sixteenth century. We also identified instances of the differential presence of genes between periods in the
ancient genomes, with certain genes present in Pre-Hispanic individuals and absent in Colonial individuals, and
. This study highlights the potential for studying ancient
genomes to unveil past social interactions through analysis of disease transmission. Our results illustrate the long-standing relationship between this oral pathogen and its human host, while also unveiling key evidence to understand its evolutionary history in Pre-Hispanic and Colonial Mexico. This article is part of the theme issue 'Insights into health and disease from ancient biomolecules'.
The interaction of neuropeptides, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), or growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), with a cationic carbosilane dendrimer forms dendriplexes with antitumoral behavior ...in advanced prostate cancer cells PC3. At the concentrations used for dendriplexes formation, the free peptides were protumoral and prometastatic in advanced prostate cancer, while dendrimer only showed low cytotoxicity, but did not avoid the metastatic behavior of PC3 cells. However, these nanoplexes favored also cell adhesion and avoided cell migration. Also, the dendriplexes were not toxic for no tumoral prostate cells (RPWE-1) or fibroblasts. The use of labeled GHRH peptide (rhodamine labeled) and a dendrimer (fluorescein labeled) allowed us to observe that both systems reach the intracellular milieu after dendriplex formation. The treatment of PC3 cells with the nanoplexes reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Molecular modeling analysis highlights the important contribution of the carbosilane framework in the stabilization of the dendriplex, since dendrimer interacts with a peptide region where hydrophobic amino acids are presented.
In the last decade, most of the evidence on the clinical benefits of including cruciferous foods in the diet has been focused on the content of glucosinolates (GSL) and their corresponding ...isothiocyanates (ITC), and mercapturic acid pathway metabolites, based on their capacity to modulate clinical, biochemical, and molecular parameters. The present systematic review summarizes findings of human studies regarding the metabolism and bioavailability of GSL and ITC, providing a comprehensive analysis that will help guide future research studies and facilitate the consultation of the latest advances in this booming and less profusely researched area of GSL for food and health. The literature search was carried out in Scopus, PubMed and the Web of Science, under the criteria of including publications centered on human subjects and the use of Brassicaceae foods in different formulations (including extracts, beverages, and tablets), as significant sources of bioactive compounds, in different types of subjects, and against certain diseases. Twenty-eight human intervention studies met inclusion criteria, which were classified into three groups depending on the dietary source. This review summarizes recent studies that provided interesting contributions, but also uncovered the many potential venues for future research on the benefits of consuming cruciferous foods in our health and well-being. The research will continue to support the inclusion of GSL-rich foods and products for multiple preventive and active programs in nutrition and well-being.
Objective
This study assessed the bone formation around titanium surface incorporating the calcium–magnesium (CaMg) deposited by blasted in rabbit tibia bone to determine whether this surface would ...further enhance bone healing compared with commercially available implant surface.
Material and methods
The deposition of CaMg on the titanium SLA surface were obtained by blasting formed the experimental group (EX group), while implants with traditional SLA surface were used as control group (CO group), in this study. Fifty cylindrical threaded implants with a length of 8 mm were used (P = 25 per group). Five implants of each group were used to surface characterization by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and optical profilometry. Ten New Zealand white rabbits received 40 implants (n = 20 per group). Resonance frequency analysis was performed three times (0, 4, and 6 weeks). Histomorphometric analysis was performed 4 and 6 weeks after implantation. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results
Blasted CaMg deposition on SLA implant surface displayed almost identical surface morphologies and R(a) values at the micron scale. In comparing the implant stability quotient at the three time points, highly significant statistic differences were found (P < 0.001). Histomorphological analysis showed higher degrees of bone organization in the samples of test implant surfaces at both implantation times.
Conclusion
Within the limitations of this study, the results indicate that the deposition of CaMg on the SLA titanium surface may be effective in enhancing the osseointegration of moderately rough grit‐blasted implants by increasing the degree of bone–implant contact.
Aridoamerica and Mesoamerica are two distinct cultural areas in northern and central Mexico, respectively, that hosted numerous pre-Hispanic civilizations between 2500 BCE and 1521 CE. The division ...between these regions shifted southward because of severe droughts ~1100 years ago, which allegedly drove a population replacement in central Mexico by Aridoamerican peoples. In this study, we present shotgun genome-wide data from 12 individuals and 27 mitochondrial genomes from eight pre-Hispanic archaeological sites across Mexico, including two at the shifting border of Aridoamerica and Mesoamerica. We find population continuity that spans the climate change episode and a broad preservation of the genetic structure across present-day Mexico for the past 2300 years. Lastly, we identify a contribution to pre-Hispanic populations of northern and central Mexico from two ancient unsampled "ghost" populations.
Objectives
This study analyzed the association between severe obesity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) hospitalization and severe disease.
Methods
The incidence of hospitalization for ...laboratory‐confirmed COVID‐19 was evaluated in a prospective population‐based cohort of 433,995 persons aged 25 to 79 years in Spain during March and April of 2020. Persons with and without class 3 obesity were compared using Poisson regression to estimate the adjusted relative risk (aRR) from class 3 obesity of COVID‐19 hospitalization and of severe disease (intensive care unit admission or death). Differences in the effect by age, sex, and chronic conditions were evaluated.
Results
Individuals with class 3 obesity had a higher risk of hospitalization (aRR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.66‐2.93) and developing severe COVID‐19 (aRR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.20‐4.40). In people younger than 50 years, these effects were more pronounced (aRR = 5.02, 95% CI: 3.19‐7.90 and aRR = 13.80, 95% CI: 3.11‐61.17, respectively), whereas no significant effects were observed in those aged 65 to 79 years (aRR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.70‐2.12 and aRR = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.52‐3.88, respectively). Sex and chronic conditions did not modify the effect of class 3 obesity in any of the outcomes.
Conclusions
Severe obesity is a relevant risk factor for COVID‐19 hospitalization and severity in young adults, having a magnitude similar to that of aging. Tackling the current obesity pandemic could alleviate the impact of chronic and infectious diseases.
Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the thickness of different retinal layers between dyslexic subjects and controls at the macula by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT).
...Methods: Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmic examination including macular OCT in both eyes. The thickness of the fovea, four sectors of the parafovea and four sectors of the perifovea were obtained according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study protocol in the following 13 segmentations: complete retina, outer retina, inner retina, retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), inner nuclear layer (INL), outer plexiform layer (OPL), outer nuclear layer (ONL), INL + OPL + ONL, IPL + INL, OPL + ONL and ganglion cell complex (RNFL + GCL + IPL). The results of the right and left eyes were independently compared between groups.
Results: The thickness in all the four sectors of the parafovea was found significantly higher in the right and in the left eyes in the dyslexic group in the following segmentations: complete retina, inner retina, middle retinal layers and OPL + ONL. Several macular sectors were also thicker in IPL + INL, INL, IPL and ONL in dyslexia. In contrast, no thickness differences between both groups were found in any of the sectors of RNFL, GCL, GCC, or outer retina in any eye.
Conclusions: Anatomy of the macula is different in dyslexic and normoreader subjects in middle retinal layers, especially in the parafovea. This fact suggests that the macula may play an important role in the development of dyslexia.
Experimental evidence indicates that exercise performed at different times of the day may affect circadian rhythms and circadian disruption has been linked to breast and prostate cancer. We examined ...in a population‐based case‐control study (MCC‐Spain) if the time‐of‐day when physical activity is done affects prostate and breast cancer risk. Lifetime recreational and household physical activity was assessed by in‐person interviews. Information on time‐of‐day of activity (assessed approximately 3 years after the assessment of lifetime physical activity and confounders) was available for 781 breast cancer cases, 865 population female controls, 504 prostate cases and 645 population male controls from 10 Spanish regions, 2008‐2013. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for different activity timings compared to inactive subjects using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for confounders. Early morning (8‐10 am) activity was associated with a protective effect compared to no physical activity for both breast (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.48‐1.15) and prostate cancer (OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.44‐1.20); meta‐OR for the two cancers combined 0.74 (95%CI = 0.53‐1.02). There was no effect observed for breast or prostate cancer for late morning to afternoon activity while a protective effect was also observed for evening activity only for prostate cancer (OR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.45‐1.24). Protective effects of early morning activity were more pronounced for intermediate/evening chronotypes for both cancers. This is the first population‐based investigation identifying a differential effect of timing of physical activity on cancer risk with more pronounced effects for morning hour activity. Our results, if confirmed, may improve current physical activity recommendations for cancer prevention.
What's new?
Exercise protects against a variety of cancers, but does time of day matter? Disrupting the body's circadian rhythm can boost cancer risk. Here, the authors compared breast and prostate cancer risk among people who exercised in the early morning, late morning, afternoon, and evening. They conducted a population‐based case‐control study, in which participants filled out a questionnaire about their patterns of sleeping, eating, and exercising. Exercising in the early morning appeared to be more strongly protective against breast and prostate cancer than exercising later in the day. Evening exercise appeared to have a moderate protective effect on prostate cancer.
This study sought to compare the efficacy of drug-eluting balloons (DEB) with that of everolimus-eluting stents (EES) in patients with bare-metal stents (BMS) in-stent restenosis (ISR).
Treatment of ...patients with ISR remains a challenge.
This was a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial comparing DEB with EES in patients with bare-metal stents (BMS) in-stent restenosis (ISR). The primary endpoint was the minimal lumen diameter at 9 months' follow-up.
A total of 189 patients with BMS-ISR from 25 Spanish sites were included (95 were allocated to DEB and 94 to EES). Procedural success was achieved in all patients. At late angiography (median 249 days; 92% of eligible patients), patients in the EES arm had a significantly larger minimal lumen diameter (2.36 ± 0.6 mm vs. 2.01 ± 0.6 mm, p < 0.001; absolute mean difference: 0.35 mm; 95% confidence interval CI: 0.16 to 0.53) and a lower percent of diameter stenosis (13 ± 17% vs. 25 ± 20%, p < 0.001). However, late loss (0.04 ± 0.5 mm vs. 0.14 ± 0.5 mm, p = 0.14) and binary restenosis rate (4.7% vs. 9.5%, p = 0.22) were very low and similar in both groups. Clinical follow-up (median 365 days) was obtained in all (100%) patients. Occurrences of the combined clinical outcome measure (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization; 6% vs. 8%; hazard ratio HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.26 to 2.18, p = 0.6) and the need for target vessel revascularization (2% vs. 6%; HR: 0.32: 95% CI: 0.07 to 1.59, p = 0.17) were similar in the 2 groups.
In patients with BMS-ISR, both DEB and EES provided excellent clinical results with a very low rate of clinical and angiographic recurrences. However, compared with DEB, EES provide superior late angiographic findings. (Restenosis Intra-stent of Bare Metal Stents: Paclitaxel-eluting Balloon vs. Everolimus-eluting Stent RIBS V; NCT01239953).
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