Introduction
The sudden and large-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused significant stress not only in Ukrainians but also in citizens of countries which have received the largest numbers of ...refugees.
Objectives
The aim of the current study was to identify stress, resilience, and self-efficacy levels, as well as to examine the relationships between these variables, in a sample of women from Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, and Romania during the third month of Russian aggression on Ukraine.
Methods
The study involved measuring a sample of Ukrainian (N = 82), Polish (N = 102), Slovak (N = 79), and Romanian (N = 42) women using the
Perception of Stress Questionnaire,
the
Brief Resilience Scale,
and the
Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale
in May 2022.
Results
The results showed that during the third month of Russian aggression on Ukraine, stress levels and its components (emotional tension, external stress, and intrapsychic stress) were the highest among Ukrainian women and the lowest among Polish women. The sense of self-efficacy was the lowest among Ukrainian women and highest among Polish women, while resilience was the lowest among Ukrainian women and the highest among Slovak women.
Conclusions
Women from Ukraine reported being in the worst mental state compared to the rest of the sample. Moreover, a path analysis of the measured variables points to a multifaceted relationship between stress, resilience, and self-efficacy among women from Ukraine, Poland, Slovakia, and Romania during the third month of the Russian invasion.
Disclosure of Interest
None Declared
The desorption fluxes of CO2 from loaded aqueous amine solutions and pure water have been measured with a wetted wall reactor. There a well defined liquid surface is exposed to a defined gas ...atmosphere of CO2 and N2. Henry solubilities and rate constants were measured and compared to literature values to ensure reliable data generated by the employed analysis and experimental setup.
Furthermore first desorption experiments under conditions comparable to available literature were performed in order to align our data to already published data. Experimental conditions in this work were mainly chosen for the sake of comparability. In general a good agreement to existing data was found. Therefore our experimental setup and data analysis can be assumed to be valid for further investigations.
Natural gas, when compared to other solid, liquid or gaseous fuels, offers a cleaner and more environmentally friendly combustion. Nevertheless, it also produces unwanted pollutant species such as ...nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO) when fired in combustors of industrial gas turbines under high temperature and pressure. These emissions of NOx and CO are harmful for human and nature and need to be kept below the regulatory limits.
This problem has been the subject of numerous research and development activities for decades. The current state of the art provides well-developed firing systems for industrial gas turbines, which ensure NOx and CO emission levels well below the legal limits 1 - 5. A comprehensive overview of the characteristics currently available gas turbines on the German market is offered by the revised version of the ASUE brochure from 2015 in 6, where beyond the reference list about industrial and municipal gas turbines, NOx reduction methods and achieved NOx emission values are recorded.
Nevertheless, there still is the need for additional research in order to contribute to both the simplification of the still complicated design of the overall combustor concepts and the further reduction of harmful emissions.
Loss of function of DJ‐1 (PARK7) is associated with autosomal recessive early‐onset Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the major age‐related neurological diseases. In this study, we extended former ...studies on DJ‐1 knockout mice by identifying subtle morphological and behavioural phenotypes. The DJ‐1 gene trap‐induced null mutants exhibit less dopamine‐producing neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). They also exhibit slight changes in behaviour, i.e. diminished rearing behaviour and impairments in object recognition. Furthermore, we detected subtle phenotypes, which suggest that these animals compensate for the loss of DJ‐1. First, we found a significant upregulation of mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities, a mechanism known to protect against oxidative stress. Second, a close to significant increase in c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase 1 phosphorylation in old DJ‐1‐deficient mice hints at a differential activation of neuronal cell survival pathways. Third, as no change in the density of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)‐positive terminals in the striatum was observed, the remaining dopamine‐producing neurons likely compensate by increasing axonal sprouting. In summary, the present data suggest that DJ‐1 is implicated in major non‐motor symptoms of PD appearing in the early phases of the disease—such as subtle impairments in motivated behaviour and cognition—and that under basal conditions the loss of DJ‐1 is compensated
In the context of transient processes in power system measurements, a sampled signal is analyzed with respect to electro-magnetic influences. These are most likely superposed sinusoids that can be ...found next to the fundamental system sinusoid. However, such signal is not stationary, i.e. has a varying model order which means that temporary and exponentially damped sinusoids appear eventually. In our previous work, the exponential damping was only considered indirectly but not explicitly incorporated in the signal model used. Regarding the amplitude estimation, this led to inaccuracies since the amplitude was incorrectly assumed constant within a window of samples. In this paper, we use ESPRIT's ability to also estimate a parameter of exponential damping, improve the corresponding signal model, advance the amplitude estimation algorithm and back projection algorithm. Especially short-term signal components can be tracked far more precise.
The absorption kinetics of CO2 in aqueous solutions for low superficial loadings have been measured with a droplet train reactor. A well defined stream of uniform droplets was exposed to an ...atmosphere with exactly known CO2 concentration. Based on the short gas-liquid contact time within the reactor and a sensitive volumetric measurement of the CO2 flux the analysis of CO2 mass transfer in the liquid droplets was performed for small liquid loadings.
Two different reactors were used to gather information about the kinetics of promoted potassium carbonate solutions for CO2 capture from flue gas. A bubble reactor was used to enable the fast ...evaluation of a wide rang of different solutions under a defined variation of experimental parameters as temperature and gas flow rate. Apart from the documentation of the CO2 absorption rate the bubble reactor also provided the possibility of a simultaneous documentation of the pH-value of the evaluated solution during the absorption process. These experiments underlined that the pH-value can be used as an indicator for the loading of a known solution during a absorption process. Secondly a wetted wall column reactor was used to obtain kinetic data of gas molecules on a clearly defined liquid surface. A variation of the experimental parameters as pressure, temperature and composition of the phases enables a process -steering in and out of chemical equilibrium.
Mutations in the PARK7/DJ-1 gene cause autosomal-recessive Parkinson's disease. In some patients the gene is deleted. The molecular basis of disease in patients with point mutations is less obvious. ...We have investigated the molecular properties of L166PDJ-1 and the novel variant E64DDJ-1. When transfected into non-neuronal and neuronal cell lines, steady-state expression levels of L166PDJ-1 were dramatically lower than wild-type WTDJ-1 and E64DDJ-1. Cycloheximide and pulse-chase experiments revealed that the decreased expression levels of L166PDJ-1 were because of accelerated protein turnover. Proteasomal degradation was not the major pathway of DJ-1 breakdown because treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 caused only minimal accumulation of DJ-1, even of the very unstable L166PDJ-1 mutant. Because of the structural resemblance of DJ-1 with bacterial cysteine proteases, we considered an autoproteolytic mechanism. However, neither pharmacological inhibition nor site-directed mutagenesis of the putative active site residue Cys-106 stabilized DJ-1. To gain further insight into the structural defects of DJ-1 mutants, human WTDJ-1 and both mutants were expressed in Escherichia coli. As in eukaryotic cells, expression levels of L166PDJ-1 were dramatically reduced compared with WTDJ-1 and E64DDJ-1. Circular dichroism spectrometry revealed that the solution structures of WTDJ-1 and E64DDJ-1 are rich in β-strand and α-helix conformation. α-Helices were more susceptible to thermal denaturation than the β-sheet, and WTDJ-1 was more flexible in this regard than E64DDJ-1. Thus, structural defects of E64DDJ-1 only become apparent upon denaturing conditions, whereas the L166P mutation causes a drastic defect that leads to excessive degradation.
Increase of dispersed generation in medium-voltage-grids and lack of practical experience with new standards form dangerous impacts on current control- and protection functions that are part of ...substation automation systems. To overcome these problems a simulator proposed, that supports the development of new protection systems and provides practical training opportunities in terms of IEC 61850. Real secondary equipment forms a substation, while the subimposed process, the primary equipment of the substation and the ambient power system, is simulated with a real-time simulator. Amplifiers are coupled to the simulator and allow for the emulation of the secondary currents and voltages of instrument transformers at a maximum frequency of up to 20 kHz. Conclusively relevant fault scenarios including transients during earth faults can be simulated.
The opening of the electricity markets and the increased utilization of renewable energies lead to highly unpredictable and volatile power flows in the transmission grids. Enforcing the grid by ...constructing new transmission lines is only possible on the long term due to complicated approval procedures and local public resistance. By implementing power flow controlling devices, it is possible to increase transmission capacity in the short and medium term. Phase Shifting Transformers (PST) are state of the art for power flow control. Fast control devices which perform control actions within milliseconds (like Thyristor Controlled Series Compensation or High Voltage Direct Current Back to Back stations) are available but very expensive. The topic of this paper is a hybrid device called Dynamic Power Flow Controller (DPFC). This device consists of a conventional PST combined with thyristor switched reactances. The thyristor switched devices are able to provide fast control actions while conventional PST offer a large control range for comparatively low costs. In this paper, we present a hardware model of a DPFC which has been developed at TU Dortmund University. This hardware model is downscaled by a factor of 1000 to a nominal phase-to-phase voltage of 380 V. We present measurement results of control actions in a realistic test environment. The DPFC model will be used to investigate practical issues related to the implementation and control on a real system. Furthermore, we plan to use the DPFC for educational purposes.
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