The objective of this study was to systematize knowledge from studies of the relationship between dating violence and mental health of victims and perpetrators. A systematic review of articles ...published from 1981 to 2021, with a population aged 12 to 29 years and English, Spanish, French, and Portuguese as the publication languages, was performed. The search was carry out in seven information sources: EBSCO, PsycINFO, PUBMED, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, and WOS. Of the 2925 articles that were found, 27 studies were included (10 of which were longitudinal). An impact of dating violence on the mental health of adolescent victims was detected, with depression as the most frequently triggered effect in young people,followed by anxiety, suicidal ideation, low self-esteem, and low emotional well-being. The results indicate the need to design, implement, and evaluate different alternatives for the prevention of DV. In addition, in longitudinal studies, physical, psychological, and sexual dating violence victimization is associated with depressive symptoms, post-traumatic stress, suicidal ideation, and anxiety. In perpetrators of psychological dating violence, it is related todepressive symptoms, anxiety, and hostility. The findings of the present study can contribute to the creation of future research programs for promoting healthy couple relationships among adolescents and young people.
A 1-year prospective multicenter study was performed to explore the significance of the presence of enterococci in cultures of peritoneal fluid from patients with secondary bacterial peritonitis in ...seven Spanish hospitals. The clinical records of patients with positive peritoneal fluid cultures were reviewed and distributed into cases (patients with cultures yielding enterococci) and controls (patients with cultures not yielding enterococci). Of a total of 158 records, 38 (24.1%) were cases and 120 (75.9%) were controls. The percentages or the scores (cases versus controls) for the variables included in the multivariate analysis were as follows: age of >50 years, 89.5% versus 68.3%; malignancy, 39.5% versus 18.3%; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), 15.8% versus 4.2%; postoperative peritonitis, 55.3% versus 30.1%; nosocomial onset, 57.9% versus 34.2%; a higher Charlson comorbidity index, 3.29 ± 3.38 versus 1.84 ± 2.31; APACHE II score, 10.71 ± 4.37 versus 8.76 ± 5.49; ultimately or rapidly fatal disease, 63.2% versus 34.8%; need for surgical reintervention, 36.1% versus 15.1%; and admission to an intensive care unit, 45.9% versus 30.8%. In the multivariate analysis, enterococci were associated only with postoperative peritonitis (P = 0.009; odds ratio OR = 5.0; 95% confidence interval CI = 1.49 to 16.80), a higher Charlson comorbidity index (P = 0.002; OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.11 to 1.54), and COPD (P = 0.046; OR = 6.50; 95% CI = 1.04 to 40.73). The results of this study showed that enterococci were associated with comorbidity. An association with mortality could not be demonstrated.
Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) availability has allowed the treatment of a greater number of growth disorders. It is important to get an insight into the clinical characteristics of the ...paediatric population before rhGH treatment.
An observational, retrospective and multicentre study was conducted to evaluate the patients’ baseline characteristics prior to rhGH therapy.
A total of 1404 patients (53.8% males) aged 0.5–17.3 years were included. Clinical conditions were as follows: GH deficiency (GHD), 66.0%; small for gestational age (SGA), 29.7%; and Turner syndrome (TS), 4.3%. Male gender was predominant in most growth disorders; age at diagnosis was higher in GHD patients; therapy with rhGH started at lower chronological age in SGA and TS groups.
The baseline characteristics of the population to be treated with rhGH were similar to those reported in other growth databases. Delayed age at treatment initiation should increase the awareness of these disorders among general paediatricians and entice them to refer children suspected of having these disorders to a specialist.
We conducted a nationwide surveillance of the variable 5' emm-like (M-like protein gene) sequences from 214 pharyngeal group C and group G streptococci. Almost 75% of the isolates exhibited emm or ...emm-like sequences previously described. We identified six new 5' emm-like regions, and almost 23% of the isolates were nontypeable. Five emm-like sequences accounted for more than 50% of the isolates in group C and group G, suggesting horizontal gene transfer between strains of different species.
Bacillus subtilis has been used as a classic model to study biofilm formation and sporulation process. Colonies of wild-type strains usually have a complex external morphology, but the details of ...their internal architecture are still undisclosed. Since bacterial biofilms fulfill the criteria to be considered tissues, the aim of this work was to analyse B. subtilis colony-biofilm internal architecture evolution and sporulation dynamics using histological techniques. Transversal sections of colony-biofilms incubated from 24 hours up to 20 days were stained using histochemical techniques to analyse the internal structure by light and electron microscopy. A morphometric study of the different structural biofilm components was performed by image analysis, and an application to quantify spores was developed. Internal biofilm architecture was characterised by a stratified pattern, which evolved from 3 strata at 24 hours, up to 5 strata at 20 days. At 48 hours, strata at the central area of the biofilm was folded, resulting in elevated structures (vein-like structures) that could reach up to 465 μm in height. Sporulation started at 48 hours, at the top of the vein-like structures, at the interface between the two uppermost strata. At 20 days spores formed a continuous central layer, representing 7.5% of the total biofilm. In summary, our results demonstrate that B. subtilis colony-biofilm has a complex and organized internal architecture, evolving over time, and taking place in different cell subpopulations with different functionalities. Furthermore, in situ spore quantification described in this work could be a good alternative to the classical chamber counting.
Objectives: To investigate the association between geographical differences in antibiotic consumption and resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin and erythromycin in 15 provinces of ...Spain, taking into account the potential influence of a series of social and climatological factors. Methods: Possible correlations between prevalence of resistance to penicillin and erythromycin of S. pneumoniae, as determined in the national reference laboratory, and antibiotic consumption, and socio-economic and climatological variables were investigated. Partial correlations and multivariate linear regression were performed to assess the relative importance of variables predicting resistance and to investigate explicative factors for antibiotic consumption, respectively. Results: A correlation was found between resistance and educational level, the proportion of young people in the population and climate, but was explained by their effects on differences in antibiotic use, which appeared to be the basic and only force behind resistance patterns in different geographical areas. Antibiotic use was found to be determined by the interplay of adult illiteracy, rainfall and GDP per capita. Conclusions: Interventions aimed at improving educational level and economic growth might therefore be followed by a noticeable reduction in overall antibiotic consumption, which might in turn be followed by a reduction in penicillin and erythromycin resistance in clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae.
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