Statistical classifier and good accuracy is an essential part of the research in medical data mining. Accurate prediction of lung cancer is an essential step for making effective clinical decisions. ...After identifying the lung cancer, minimum scopes are available in the medications for patient living in the world. Hemoglobin level and TNM stage wise patients survival period has to be varied. Some group of people survival period is minimal and another group of people survival time is lengthy. This study is aimed to develop a prediction model with new clinical variables to predict lung cancer patients. It’s based on revised 8th edition study of TNM in lung cancer. These new attributes are collected from SEER databases, Indian cancer hospitals and research centers. The collected new attributes are classified using supervised machine learning algorithms of linear regression, Naïve Bayes classifier and proposed algorithms of Gaussian K-Base NB classifier. In particular, for TNM stage 1 group of people with normal hemoglobin level (NHBL), that group of lung cancer patient quality of life is highly enhanced. Which proved by using supervised machine learning algorithms. The proposed algorithm classified the database in terms of with respect to tumor size and HB level and the results are confirmed in the R environment. The continuous attribute classification method to prove first level of TNM in lung cancer patient along with standard hemoglobin has to be maintained that the people survivability rate is higher than the smaller level of hemoglobin people survival rate. The Gaussian K-Base NB classifier is more effective than the existing machine learning algorithms for lung cancer prediction model. The proposed classification accuracy has measured using ROC methods.
The concept of an isolated DC source cascaded multilevel inverter finds good solutions for generating quality output voltage for low-medium power applications. It shapes the output voltage from three ...levels into a number of steps closer to a sinusoidal shape using small DC sources or batteries. Several advantages have been sighted like lower voltage stress and bearing noise, and lesser THD. However, a common issue in the MLIs is the total components required which increase with the rise in voltage levels. This paper proposes a three-phase MLI design having several isolated quad voltage source modules including an H-Bridge inverter. The design suggested claims reduced switching components for current conduction paths showing improved output quality. The operational features of the suggested MLI have been analyzed using Matlab/Simulink software, furthermore, an experimental module is constructed for demonstrating the effectiveness of the simulated results.
We sought to characterize the role of immunologic, virologic, and radiologic determinants of survival in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML).
We recorded the clinical ...outcome of 60 patients with PML (73% HIV+) who were prospectively evaluated between 2000 and 2007 for the presence of JC virus (JCV)-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) in blood.
Estimated probability of survival at 1 year was 52% for HIV+/PML and 58% for HIV- patients with PML. Patients with PML with detectable CTL within 3 months of diagnosis had a 1-year estimated survival of 73% compared to 46% for those without CTL (hazard ratio HR for death = 0.47, 95% confidence interval CI 0.13-1.75, p = 0.26). Patients with CTL response had an increased likelihood of having contrast enhancement of PML lesions and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (odds ratio 3.7 and 7.8). Estimated 1-year survival was 48% in HIV+ patients with PML with CD4 count <200/microL at PML diagnosis compared to 67% in those with CD4 >200/microL (HR for death 1.41, 95% CI 0.27-7.38, p = 0.68). JCV DNA was detected in the urine of 48% and in the blood of 56% of patients with PML, but viruria and viremia were not associated with survival.
The presence of JC virus (JCV)-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) was associated with a trend toward longer survival in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), which was more pronounced than the impact of CD4 count in HIV+ patients with PML early after diagnosis. Despite the association of contrast enhancement and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome with JCV-specific CTL, these cannot be considered as surrogate markers for the prognostic value of the CTL. Strategies aiming at improving the cellular immune response may improve the course of PML.
Biological entities and inorganic materials have been in constant touch with each other ever since inception of life on earth.This method has lots of merits such as not requiring complex ...procedures,template supporting etc.In this work,Aloe vera plant mediated synthesis of tetragonal zirconia nanoparticles has been performed and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis（TG/DTA）,X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM） with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（EDX）,atomic force microscopy（AFM）,ultraviolet—visible（UV—VIS） technique and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FTIR） have been provided for characterizing the nanoparticles.Formation of homogeneously distributed spherical zirconia nanoparticles of 50—100 nm in size is predicted.The antimicrobial and antifungal properties are also investigated for synthesis of zirconia nanoparticles and the treated cotton by agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial pathogens and fungal strains Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger,respectively.
The COVID-19 virus has affected many people around the globe with several issues. Moreover, it causes a worldwide pandemic, and it makes more than one million deaths. Countries around the globe had ...to announce a complete lockdown when the corona virus causes the community to spread. In real-time, Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test is conducted to detect COVID-19, which is not effective and sensitive. Hence, this research presents the proposed Caviar-MFFO-assisted Deep LSTM scheme for COVID-19 detection. In this research, the COVID-19 cases data is utilized to process the COVID-19 detection. This method extracts the various technical indicators that improve the efficiency of COVID-19 detection. Moreover, the significant features fit for COVID-19 detection are selected using proposed mayfly with fruit fly optimization (MFFO). In addition, COVID-19 is detected by Deep Long Short Term Memory (Deep LSTM), and the Conditional Autoregressive Value at Risk MFFO (Caviar-MFFO) is modeled to train the weight of Deep LSTM. The experimental analysis reveals that the proposed Caviar-MFFO assisted Deep LSTM method provided efficient performance based on the Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and achieved the recovered cases with the minimal values of 1.438 and 1.199, whereas the developed model achieved the death cases with the values of 4.582 and 2.140 for MSE and RMSE. In addition, 6.127 and 2.475 are achieved by the developed model based on infected cases.
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is a burgeoning global health crisis mainly affecting economically active young adults, and has high mortality irrespective of HIV status. In some countries ...such as South Africa, drug-resistant tuberculosis represents less than 3% of all cases but consumes more than a third of the total national budget for tuberculosis, which is unsustainable and threatens to destabilise national tuberculosis programmes. However, concern about drug-resistant tuberculosis has been eclipsed by that of totally and extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis--ie, resistance to all or nearly all conventional first-line and second-line antituberculosis drugs. In this Review, we discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, implications for health-care workers, and ethical and medicolegal aspects of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and other resistant strains. Finally, we discuss the emerging problem of functionally untreatable tuberculosis, and the issues and challenges that it poses to public health and clinical practice. The emergence and growth of highly resistant strains of tuberculosis make the development of new drugs and rapid diagnostics for tuberculosis--and increased funding to strengthen global control efforts, research, and advocacy--even more pressing.
Background and Aims
Yes‐associated protein (YAP) plays an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis, although the potential role of YAP in non‐neoplastic liver diseases remains largely unknown. We ...report herein that YAP in Kupffer cells (KCs) enhances the production of proinflammatory cytokines and promotes the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Our data show that the expression of YAP is significantly increased in KCs of wild‐type mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD).
Approach and Results
We generated mice with macrophage/monocyte‐specific deletion of YAP (YAPϕKO) or Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4; TLR4ϕKO), and animals were fed an HFD or treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our data showed that YAPϕKO mice fed an HFD exhibited lower serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and less hepatic inflammation when compared to their littermate controls. LPS treatment induced accumulation of YAP in KCs in vitro and in mice, which was prevented by macrophage/monocyte‐specific deletion of TLR4 (TLR4ϕKO). LPS transcriptionally activates YAP through activator protein 1 in macrophages/KCs. LPS‐induced YAP further enhances expression of proinflammatory cytokines (including monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin 6) through YAP association with the TEA domain–binding motif in the promoter region of inflammatory cytokines. Forced overexpression of active YAP (YAP5SA) in KCs enhanced the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Treatment of HFD‐fed mice with verteporfin inhibited KC activation, reduced liver inflammation, and decreased serum ALT/AST levels. Analyses of liver tissues from NASH patients reveal that YAP is increased in KCs and that level of YAP in human liver tissues is positively correlated with expression of proinflammatory cytokines.
Conclusions
This study describes an important role of YAP in KCs for regulation of liver inflammation in NASH. Our findings suggest that inhibition of YAP may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for NASH treatment.
Regardless of etiology, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major contributors to fibrosis/cirrhosis. Bone marrow-derived fibrocytes, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and portal fibroblasts ...(Pfb) are other sources, but their contribution is much lower. Pfb are important in the early stages of the disease, but HSCs are predominantly responsible for the progression of the disease, even for biliary fibrosis. Physiologically quiescent, HSCs become rapidly activated and transdifferentiate into proliferative, contractile and fibrogenic myofibroblast-like cells during liver injury.
Summary Although progress has been made to reduce global incidence of drug-susceptible tuberculosis, the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis ...during the past decade threatens to undermine these advances. However, countries are responding far too slowly. Of the estimated 440 000 cases of MDR tuberculosis that occurred in 2008, only 7% were identified and reported to WHO. Of these cases, only a fifth were treated according to WHO standards. Although treatment of MDR and XDR tuberculosis is possible with currently available diagnostic techniques and drugs, the treatment course is substantially more costly and laborious than for drug-susceptible tuberculosis, with higher rates of treatment failure and mortality. Nonetheless, a few countries provide examples of how existing technologies can be used to reverse the epidemic of MDR tuberculosis within a decade. Major improvements in laboratory capacity, infection control, performance of tuberculosis control programmes, and treatment regimens for both drug-susceptible and drug-resistant disease will be needed, together with a massive scale-up in diagnosis and treatment of MDR and XDR tuberculosis to prevent drug-resistant strains from becoming the dominant form of tuberculosis. New diagnostic tests and drugs are likely to become available during the next few years and should accelerate control of MDR and XDR tuberculosis. Equally important, especially in the highest-burden countries of India, China, and Russia, will be a commitment to tuberculosis control including improvements in national policies and health systems that remove financial barriers to treatment, encourage rational drug use, and create the infrastructure necessary to manage MDR tuberculosis on a national scale.
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