Summary
Twenty seven cases of different types of injuries of the lower limb with skin loss treated by various means have been reviewed. The various methods of treatment have been evaluated and the ...methods giving the best result have been stressed.
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•Waste water treatment with no sludge formation and easy handling, scale up and reusable process developed.•Aqueous sol-gel route was employed in the synthesis of reusable Rebar ...Multiwalled CNT/Alumina Composite (RMAC) nodules.•Effective removal of Methylene Blue dye and Cr (VI) ion was achieved using RMAC nodules.•The mesoporous RMAC nodules were fully characterized using BET, XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR and Raman techniques.•The kinetic and thermodynamic study of the adsorption process was carried out to examine the efficiency of RMAC nodules.
The distinctive and tuneable physical, chemical and configurational properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), has prompted their combination with metal oxides to contrive carbon composites showing entrancing adsorption property with incredible potential in water treatment. MWCNT/Alumina (RMAC) nodules with effective adsorption capacity were synthesized following aqueous sol-gel route. Batch sorption experiments examined the efficiency of removal of dyes and heavy metal ions from an aqueous solution on RMAC nodules. The factors affecting adsorption were studied for adsorption of methylene blue dye (MB) and hexavalent chromium by altering the MWCNT concentration from 1 wt.% to 5 wt.%. The adsorption experiment demonstrated an adsorption capacity of 187.5 and 597 mg g−1 at 25 °C for MB and Cr (VI) respectively. Various characterization techniques such as XRD, BET, TEM, Raman, FTIR, TPD and CHN were employed to study the initial development of the material. Multiple adsorption interaction mechanisms (electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, π−π electron-donor-acceptor interactions) may be credited for the remarkable adsorption capacity of these nodules. Results of this work are of great significance for environmental applications of Alumina/MWCNT composite as a promising adsorbent nanomaterial for organic pollutants from aqueous solutions. Apart from high sorption ability, these nodules offer ease of separation with splendid regeneration ability.
Electrochemically active, free-standing mesoporous films of nickel aluminate/ multiwalled carbon nanotubes (NiAl2O4/MWCNT) composite were synthesised by eco-friendly modified evaporation-induced ...self-assembly process (m-EISA). The high temperature annealed composite material displayed excellent morphological and electrochemical characteristics. The electrochemical performance was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis for the composite material annealed at 600 °C, 700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C. In particular, the composite material annealed at 900 °C, exhibited a specific capacitance of 618 F g−1. The inverse spinel structure prepared by the m-EISA process assembled into a well-configured free-standing film in which MWCNTs facilitated electronic transport across NiAl2O4/MWCNTs interfaces. The m-EISA process employed in the present work was eco-friendly, economical, energy-efficient, time-saving, and provided flexibility in regulating the final mesostructure of the free-standing films.
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•Novel supercapacitor material NiAl2O4/MWCNT developed by employing modified EISA route.•Metal oxide dielectric material converted into composite supercapacitor material.•Synergy of MWCNT and NiAl2O4 spinel navigate enhanced electrochemical capacitor properties.•Structural and electrochemical properties of NiAl2O4/MWCNT composite evaluated in detail.•High temperature ceramic based supercpacitor material useful for building future energy storage structures.
Hydrodynamics plays a major role in transport of heat and mass transfer in microchannels. This includes flow patterns and flow regimes in which the micro-channels are operated. The flow patterns have ...a major impact the transport properties. Another important aspect is the pressure drop in micro-channels. In the present review, the experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) studies covering all the above aspects have been covered. The effect of geometrical parameters like shape of channel, channel size, material of construction of channels; operating parameters like flow velocity, flow ratio and fluid properties have been presented and analyzed. Experimental and analytical work of different pressure drop models has also been presented. All the literature related to influence of flow patterns on transport properties like volumetric mass transfer coefficients (VMTC) and heat transfer coefficients (HTC) have been presented and analyzed. It is found that most works in Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) systems have been carried out in slug flow and T-junctions. Models for coupled systems of flow and mass transfer have been presented and works carried out for different coupled systems have been listed. CFD simulations match experimental results within 20% deviations in quantitative and qualitative predictions of flow phenomena for most research articles referred in this review. There is a disparity in prediction of a generalized regime map and a generalized regime map for prediction of flow patterns for various systems would need the help of Artificial Intelligence.
Abstract Lift coefficient has been evaluated for a subcooled pool boiling system with water as continuous phase and vapor (steam) bubble as dispersed phase generated on vertical walls with constant ...heat flux for a specific Rayleigh number (Ra) range (8x10 12 < Ra < 2x10 13 ) for the first time. Experimental investigation has been done with High Speed Camera while two phase CFD simulations have been performed using Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. The Morton number (M) for this system is log 10 M = -10.6 and Eötvös number (Eo) range is 0.2 < Eo < 1.3 while the shear rates have been maintained in the range 2 ≤ Sr ≤ 2.8. Bubble size of the bubbles arising from the sites on vertical surface have been determined by both experiments and simulations. The CFD predictions for bubble size and lift coefficients agree well with experimental measurements with a deviation of less than 10%. Further, empirical expressions from experimental data for the estimation of bubble size and lift coefficients have also been presented. The data for lift coefficients obtained is different from the ones of bubbles generated by single sparger in air-water systems.
This work investigates the influence of pulse modulation frequency ranging from 50 Hz–10 kHz on the helium RF atmospheric pressure plasma jet's fundamental characteristics. The impact of modulation ...frequency on plasma jet discharge behaviour, geometrical variation, reactive species emission, and plasma parameters (gas temperature Tg, electron excitation temperature Texc, and electron density (ne)) are studied using various diagnostics such as optical imaging, emission spectra, and thermal diagnostic. From the experiments, it is observed that operating the plasma jet at low pulse modulation frequencies (around 50 Hz) provides enhanced plasma dimensions, higher electron densities and greater optical emission from reactive species (viz., He I, O, OH, N2+, etc.) as compared to the higher modulation frequencies. Besides the low power consumption, three times less gas temperature of the modulated plasma jet than the continuous wave mode makes it more advantageous for the applications. Moreover, the influence of duty cycle (D) and applied RF power (P) on the plasma jet characteristics are also discussed. It is found that 10–40% duty cycle operation provides the most favourable attributes. More importantly, the concern of shorter plasma length in RF plasma jets is overcome by operating at 10–20% duty cycle with increased applied power. This work thoroughly characterizes helium atmospheric pressure RF plasma jet with a wide range of pulse mode operating parameters, which could help to select appropriate operating conditions for various industrial and biomedical applications.
Infectious diseases remain the world’s top contributors to death and disability, and, with recent outbreaks of Zika virus infections there has been an urgency for simple, sensitive and easily ...translatable point-of-care tests. Here we demonstrate a novel point-of-care platform to diagnose infectious diseases from whole blood samples. A microfluidic platform performs minimal sample processing in a user-friendly diagnostics card followed by real-time reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) on the same card with pre-dried primers specific to viral targets. Our point-of-care platform uses a commercial smartphone to acquire real-time images of the amplification reaction and displays a visual read-out of the assay. We apply this system to detect closely related Zika, Dengue (types 1 and 3) and Chikungunya virus infections from whole blood on the same pre-printed chip with high specificity and clinically relevant sensitivity. Limit of detection of 1.56e5 PFU/mL of Zika virus from whole blood was achieved through our platform. With the ability to quantitate the target nucleic acid, this platform can also perform point-of-care patient surveillance for pathogen load or select biomarkers in whole blood.
•Bandgap tuning of pure ZnO has been done by sensitizing with ZnSe.•ZnO-ZnSe heterostructure shows good photo-detecting performance in UV–vis range•A detailed mechanistic study has been done for ...photo-detection by ZnO-ZnSe heterostructure
The present work demonstrates the instant photo-response with high photo-responsivity which proves it as a potential candidate for optoelectronic devices. Display omitted
ZnO based heterostructures with metal chalcogenides have gained enormous attention in photonic applications owing to their high absorption coefficient and high photo-response. Several studies have been carried out on ZnO-based photodetectors. In present work, simple facile hydrothermal route was opted for synthesis of ZnO-ZnSe heterostructures. The as-prepared heterostructures were characterized by PXRD, TEM and UV–vis spectroscopy. PXRD showed that there is lattice shrinkage of the ZnO after the heterostructure formation with ZnSe. The DRS and UV–vis data revealed a Type II band alignment of ZnO and ZnSe in the heterostructure which results in the slower recombination of electron-hole pairs after illumination of light. ZnO-ZnSe heterostructures showed wide range absorption spectra and expected to have better photo-generated charge carrier’s life time, which will be ideal for the fabrication of photo-detector. The ZnO-ZnSe heterostructures based photodetector produced a fast rise and decay time of 23 and 80 ms; and a high photo-responsivity (91.25 mAW−1) indicating importance of ZnO-ZnSe heterostructures for high performance photodetectors. This work demonstrates the instant photo-response with high photo-responsivity which proves it as a potential candidate for optoelectronic devices.
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