HIAF (High Intensity heavy ion Accelerator Facility), a new facility planned in China for heavy ion related researches, consists of two ion sources, a high intensity Heavy Ion Superconducting Linac ...(HISCL), a 45 Tm Accumulation and Booster Ring (ABR-45) and a multifunction storage ring system. The key features of HIAF are unprecedented high pulse beam intensity and versatile operation mode. The HIAF project aims to expand nuclear and related researches into presently unreachable region and give scientists possibilities to conduct cutting-edge researches in these fields. The general description of the facility is given in this article with a focus on the accelerator design.
Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical features of Kimura's disease in the head and neck region and to compare the local recurrence rate between three therapies used for ...the treatment of this disease. The clinicopathological information of 46 hospitalized patients suffering from Kimura's disease in the head and neck region over a 10-year period was reviewed retrospectively. All lesions were clinically observed in the head and neck region. These 46 patients underwent a total of 58 treatments; nine patients underwent multiple treatments due to local recurrence. Of the 58 treatments, 32 involved surgical excision alone, 24 involved surgical excision and postoperative low-dose radiotherapy (20–40 Gy), one was a combination of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy and radiotherapy, and one was a combination of incisional biopsy and subsequent radiotherapy. During the follow-up period, nine patients suffered 16 local recurrences. The recurrence rate of surgical excision combined with low-dose radiotherapy was much lower than that of surgical excision alone or radiotherapy alone (both P < 0.05). It is concluded that Kimura's disease is a benign condition with a good prognosis, and surgical excision combined with postoperative low-dose radiotherapy is associated with the lowest local recurrence rate in the treatment of this disease.
Abstract The aims of this study were to investigate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of epithelial salivary gland tumours in a northern Chinese population and to evaluate the current ...TNM classification system. A demographic and descriptive analysis of 7190 epithelial salivary gland tumours was performed. There were 4654 benign tumours and 2536 malignant tumours. The percentage of tumours located in the parotid, submandibular, sublingual, and minor salivary glands was 62.66%, 9.92%, 2.57%, and 24.85%, respectively; 22.26%, 35.76%, 92.97%, and 61.89% of the tumours, respectively, were malignant. Over 90% in the tongue and maxillary sinus were malignant. Warthin tumour, salivary duct carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma were predominant in males, while basal cell adenoma, myoepithelioma, and pleomorphic adenoma were predominant in females. Further, 2.55% of the tumours were in children and adolescents: 44.81% of the tumours were malignant, as opposed to 35.02% in adults. According to the 7th TNM classification, the percentages of T3 and stage III tumours were approximately 10%. Salivary gland tumours show distribution patterns according to histological type, location, and patient age and sex. The limitations of the current TNM classification of salivary gland carcinoma should be considered and revisions made.
Abstract Most studies of the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with distant metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) have used small patient samples. To ...further explore this issue, a descriptive and prognostic study of 467 patients with SACC who were treated from 1963 to 2009 was conducted at a single institution. One hundred and forty-five patients (31.0%) had distant metastases. At least 20% of patients who presented with the early-stage disease and no recurrence developed distant metastasis. The overall 5-, 10-, and 20-year survival rates were 85.6%, 67.4%, and 50.4%, respectively, for patients without distant metastasis, and 69.1%, 45.7%, and 14.3%, respectively, for patients with distant metastasis. The median survival time after distant metastasis was 36 months (range 1–112 months). The prognosis was similar between patients who received treatment for metastasis and those who did not. Patients who were diagnosed with early-stage disease and without local recurrence of the primary tumours could also develop distant metastases. The biological characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma were different from those of squamous cell carcinoma. At present, the effectiveness of treatment for distant metastases is not ideal and further research is needed.
Lignin is closely related to the lodging resistance of common buckwheat (
Fagopyrum esculentum
Moench.). However, the characteristics of lignin synthesis related genes have not yet been reported. We ...investigated the lignin biosynthesis gene expression, activities of related enzymes, and accumulation of lignin monomers during branching stage, bloom stage, and milky ripe stage by real-time quantitative PCR, UVspectrophotometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the 2
nd
internode of three common buckwheat cultivars with different lodging resistance. The results showed that lignin content and the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate: CoA ligase (4CL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and peroxidase (POD) were closely related to the lodging resistance of common buckwheat. Further, we studied gene expression of cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (C4H), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), ferulate 5-hydroxylase (F5H), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT). The lignin biosynthesis genes were divided into three classes according to their expression pattern:
1
) expression firstly increasing and then descending (
PAL
,
4CL
,
CAD
,
C4H
,
CCoAOMT
,
F5H
, and
CCR
),
2
) expression remaining constant during maturation (
C3H
), and
3
) expression decreasing with maturation (
COMT
). The present study provides preliminary insights into the expression of lignin biosynthesis genes in common buckwheat, laying a foundation for further understanding the lignin biosynthesis.
The search for two-dimensional semiconductor materials suitable for visible-light photocatalysis is an active research field. In this work, using first-principles calculations, we explore the ...stability, electronic structure, and optical property of monolayer and bilayer ZnSnN2 sheets. The phonon spectra confirm their dynamical stability. The PBE0 hybrid functional calculations predict that monolayer and bilayer ZnSnN2 are direct-band gap semiconductors with band gaps of 2.39 and 2.62 eV, respectively. Based on band alignment and optical property calculations, we find that monolayer and bilayer ZnSnN2 possess not only sufficient band gaps but also appropriate band edge positions for photocatalytic water splitting in the visible light region. Moreover, the band gaps and band edge positions of monolayer and bilayer ZnSnN2 can be effectively tuned by applying biaxial strain, which may enhance photocatalytic performance. Our results provide guidance for experimental synthesis efforts and future application of two-dimensional ZnSnN2 sheets.
▶ High strength can be obtained after optimization of heat treatment parameters. ▶ Morphology and microhardness of phases during heat treatments were determined quantitatively. ▶ Slip lines ...observations reveal a transition from basal to non-basal slip with increased temperature. ▶ The long period stacking ordered structures have good thermal stability and high hardness. ▶ Solution, precipitate and LPSO strengthening are all effective strengthening sources.
The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg–11Y–5Gd–2Zn–0.5Zr (wt.%) (WGZ1152) alloy during different heat treatments were investigated. Almost all the Mg
24(GdYZn)
5 eutectic phases dissolved into the α-Mg matrix after solution treatment at 535
°C for 20
h. After ageing at 225
°C for 24
h (T6 state), a great amount of fine β′ precipitates formed. Both the 18R-type long period stacking ordered (LPSO) Mg
12YZn phase and 6H′-type LPSO phase exhibit good thermal stability during the high-temperature heat treatments process. The 18R-type LPSO Mg
12YZn phases are much harder than α-Mg matrix and have a volume fraction of ∼16%. The ultimate tensile strength at the room temperature of the peak-aged alloy (T6 state) is 307
±
6
MPa and elongation is 1.4
±
0.3%. The alloy in T6 state shows anomalous positive temperature dependence of the strength from room temperature to 250
°C, and maintains a strength of more than 260
MPa up to 300
°C (0.64
T
m). The excellent strength of the WGZ1152 alloy at both room and elevated temperatures is mainly attributed to the solid solution strengthening, β′ precipitates strengthening and LPSO strengthening. Slip line observations suggest a transition from basal to non-basal slip with increasing temperature.
•Wastewater analysis was used to access temporal trends in methamphetamine use.•NH4-N as the biomarker was used to estimate the population size.•Obvious reduction of methamphetamine use was found in ...four-year monitoring.•The decreasing trends could be due to the strict crack-down on illicit drugs.
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has become a useful tool in long-term or short-term continuous monitoring of illicit drugs consumption over the world.
We investigated the trend of methamphetamine (METH) use between 2015 and 2018 through WBE in Dalian, a typical Chinese city. Samples were collected in 11 municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). An analytical method, solid-phase extraction combined with trifluoroacetic anhydride derivatization prior to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis was applied to detect METH concentrations.
During the sampling period, the METH concentrations increased slowly from 315 ± 243 ng/L in 2015 to 523 ± 549 ng/L in 2016, followed by a significant decrease with the concentrations 188 ± 187 ng/L in 2017 and 54.6 ± 42.9 ng/L in 2018. Ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N) was applied to estimate population size. The average coefficient of variation for population in 11 WWTPs was 35.3 ± 8.9%, reflecting the dynamic variations of population effectively. For METH consumption, there was a gradual increase from 2015 (231 mg/day/1000 people) to 2016 (414 mg/day/1000 people) and a significant linear decrease to 2017 (206 mg/day/1000 people) and 2018 (53.9 mg/day/1000 people). The prevalence of METH increased from 2015 (0.78%) to 2016 (1.06%), then decreased to 2017 (0.55%) and 2018 (0.17%), showed similar trends with the consumption.
The obvious reduction trends of METH consumption via WBE over the period in Dalian provides objective evidence for declined METH consumption in local population. The reduction is probably due to the severe crack-down of illicit drugs by the government.
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