Pyroptosis is a form of cell death mediated by gasdermin D (GSDMD); it is characterised by NLRP3 inflammasome activation, caspase activation, cell membrane pore formation, and the release of ...interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. NLRP3 inflammasome activation plays a central role in pyroptosis. Recent research has suggested that NLRP3 inflammasome activation may be involved in the occurrence and development of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. This finding provided the impetus for us to clarify the significance of pyroptosis in diabetes. In this review, we summarise the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in pyroptosis, as well as recent advances in the role of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in the development of diabetes and diabetic complications.
The activation mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome. Display omitted
LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating and geochemical data have been obtained from five representative mafic–ultramafic intrusions in the Lesser Xing'an–Zhangguangcai Range, NE China, with the aim of ...improving our understanding of the Mesozoic tectonic evolution in the region, and in particular, determining the time of initiation of the circum-Pacific tectonic system. The selected zircons exhibit striped absorption in cathodoluminescence (CL) images and have high Th/U ratios (0.20–3.16), indicating a magmatic origin. The zircon U–Pb dates indicate that most of these magmatic zircons (other than a few relics that were captured and entrained in the magma) formed in the late Early Jurassic (186–182Ma), and not as previously supposed in the Middle Caledonian. The five mafic–ultramafic plutons are composed of olivine-gabbro, hornblendite, gabbro, hornblende-gabbro, and gabbro–diorite. The olivine-gabbro and hornblendite display cumulate textures, implying that fractional crystallization of olivine and plagioclase took place during magma evolution. These mafic–ultramafic igneous rocks have SiO2=37.3%–55.7%, MgO=3.05%–13.3%, Al2O3=11.8%–23.8%, Mg#=42–69 Mg#=100Mg/(Mg+Fe2+total), and δEu=0.88–1.32, and they display three types of rare earth element (REE) distribution patterns: right-slipped, flat patterns, or dome-like. The trace element spider diagrams show that the rocks are enriched in large ion lithophile elements (LILEs) such as Ba, K, and Sr, and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs) such as Nb, Ta, Zr, and Hf. The zircons have εHf (186–182Ma)=+2.7 to +12.0, and TDM1=366–732Ma. The geochemical data indicate that the Early Jurassic mafic magma originated in an extensional environment from the partial melting of a depleted mantle wedge that had been metasomatized by fluids released from a fossil subducted slab. These data, combined with information on the spatial variation of coeval igneous rocks, indicate that the formation of the Early Jurassic mafic–ultramafic rocks in the Lesser Xing'an–Zhangguangcai Range was related to the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent, and this event would mark the beginning of the circum-Pacific tectonic system.
► The mafic–ultramafic intrusive rocks are studied in NE China. ► The mafic–ultramafic intrusive rocks formed in Early Jurassic. ► They were derived from partial melting of a depleted mantle wedge within a fossil subduction zone. ► Early Jurassic mafic magmatism marks the beginning of the circum-Pacific tectonic system.
Tremendous demands for electrochemical biosensors with high sensitivity and reliability, fast response and excellent selectivity have stimulated intensive research on developing versatile materials ...with ultrahigh electrocatalytic activity. Here we report flexible and self-supported microelectrodes with a seamless solid/nanoporous gold/cobalt oxide hybrid structure for electrochemical nonenzymatic glucose biosensors. As a result of synergistic electrocatalytic activity of the gold skeleton and cobalt oxide nanoparticles towards glucose oxidation, amperometric glucose biosensors based on the hybrid microelectrodes exhibit multi-linear detection ranges with ultrahigh sensitivities at a low potential of 0.26 V (versus Ag/AgCl). The sensitivity up to 12.5 mA mM⁻¹ cm⁻² with a short response time of less than 1 s gives rise to ultralow detection limit of 5 nM. The outstanding performance originates from a novel nanoarchitecture in which the cobalt oxide nanoparticles are incorporated into pore channels of the seamless solid/nanoporous Au microwires, providing excellent electronic/ionic conductivity and mass transport for the enhanced electrocatalysis.
•Late Triassic bimodal igneous rocks are identified in Northeast China.•Late Triassic igneous rocks formed in an extensional environment.•The subduction of Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath Eurasia ...happened after Late Triassic.
This paper reports new zircon LA–ICP–MS and SIMS U–Pb ages and Hf isotope data, and whole-rock major and trace element data for Late Triassic igneous rocks of eastern Heilongjiang Province, NE China. These data provide new insights into the timing of the initiation of subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent. The zircon U–Pb age data indicate that a suite of Late Triassic (228–202Ma) igneous rocks is present within the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif and within the western margin of the Khanka Massif. The Late Triassic igneous rocks within the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif consist of basalts, basaltic andesites, gabbro-diabases, and rhyolites, whereas coeval igneous rocks in the western margin of the Khanka Massif consist of hornblende gabbros and syenogranitic porphyries. These Late Triassic rocks constitute a geochemically bimodal igneous rock association that contains mafic rocks enriched in light rare earth elements (LREE) and large ion lithophile elements (LILE), and depleted in heavy rare earth elements (HREE) and high field strength elements (HFSE) such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, and Ti. Zircons from these mafic rocks have εHf (t) values and TDM1 ages of +2.8 to +9.8 and 477–733Ma, respectively, suggesting that they formed from a primary magma generated by the partial melting of depleted lithospheric mantle material that had been previously modified by subduction-related fluids. The coeval felsic rocks are characterized by enrichments in LREEs and LILEs, and depletions in HREEs and HFSEs (including Nb, Ta, and Ti), and their zircons have εHf (t) values and TDM2 ages of +0.6 to +7.9 and 766 to 1461Ma, respectively, implying that these rocks were generated during the partial melting of juvenile crustal material. The Late Triassic bimodal igneous rocks in eastern Heilongjiang Province, combined with the regional geologic information, therefore record a post-orogenic extensional environment related to the final late Permian–Early Triassic closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. In addition, the presence of Late Triassic bimodal igneous rocks within the eastern margin of the Eurasian continent suggests that the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasian continent began after the Late Triassic.
Farm animals are sources of meat, milk and eggs for the humans, and animal health ensures the quality and security of these agricultural and sideline products. The animal raising conditions in ...livestock stations and poultry houses play vital roles in both animal health and production. One of the major factors affecting raising conditions, relative humidity, has not received much attention even though it is important for animal husbandry. In this review, we summarize the impacts of relative humidity on animal health and welfare to draw attention for its importance in the improvement of animal raising conditions in the future.
The Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) is a natural laboratory of the Phanerozoic accretionary orogen. The eastern section of the CAOB contains several microcontinental massifs, and it is unknown ...whether these massifs carry Precambrian basement. Here we present the results of U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from the Dongfengshan and Tadong groups in the eastern margin of the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif. The Dongfengshan and Tadong groups are subdivided, from bottom to top, into the Liangzihe, Huapigou, and Honglin formations, and the Lalagou and Zhudundian formations, respectively. Zircons from a two-mica quartz schist (sample HCM4-2) in the Liangzihe Formation yielded eight age populations, from 821 to 1802Ma, whereas zircons from a two-mica quartz schist (sample 12HCM3-2) in the Huapigou Formation yielded four age populations (752, 803, 821, and 851Ma). Zircons from a two-mica schist in the Lalagou Formation of the Tadong Group yielded two age populations (450 and 485Ma), and zircons from a biotite-bearing plagioclase gneiss in the lower part of the Zhudundian Formation yielded five main age populations, from 551 to 1815Ma. Samples 11NNA5-1 and 11HNA10-1 from the upper layer of the Zhudundian Formation yielded six main age groups, from 749 to 948Ma. These data, together with the ages of zircons within a tonalite that intrudes the Tadong Group and the overlying Chenming Formation, indicate the presence of a Precambrian terrane associated with sedimentation at various times during the Neoproterozoic, including at ~821–752, ~752–560, and ~750–516Ma, on the eastern margin of the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif. The Dongfengshan and Tadong groups were previously thought to be Proterozoic, but our study reveals that they constitute a Neoproterozoic–Late Paleozoic tectonic mélange. In addition, the widespread occurrence of detrital zircons with ages of 0.75–0.95, 1.5–1.6, 1.8, and 2.4–2.5Ga provides evidence of a Neoproterozoic magmatic event and the presence of remnant ancient basement material within the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif.
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•Zircon U–Pb dating for the Dongfengshan and Tadong groups in NE China is made.•Precambrian terranes are recognized in the Songnen–Zhangguangcai Range Massif.•The Dongfengshan and Tadong groups are actually a suite of tectonic mélange.
The construction of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) materials with high porosity and high rigidity is still challenging. Herein, we propose a chiral reticular chemistry strategy to prepare ...the homochiral porous metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as CPL-active materials. Two pairs of enantiomeric MOFs are synthesized through the self-assembly of chiral D/L-cam (DL-camphorates) and achiral fluorescent ligand TPB (1,2,4,5-tetra(pyridin-4-yl)benzene). The g lum values of Cd-CMOF-D and Cd-CMOF-L were up to 0.010 and 0.009; the high g lum values could be compared to those of the partially pure multicomponent self-assembly systems obtained by the complicated process. We further trace the generation and transfer of the hierarchical chirality from chiral molecule to 3D framework, demonstrating that the CPL was dominated by the original molecular chirality rather than the global chirality of the hierarchical structure. Moreover, the single-phase white-light materials with nearly ideal CIE coordinates (0.33, 0.33) were constructed through the introduction of dye emitters into Zn-CMOF (Zn-based chiral MOF). This work provided not only an insightful view of the chirality transfer and disappearance mechanism but also an efficient method for the preparation of the highly porous CPL materials.
The unique features of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) endow the huge advantages for room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and as host matrices for multiple emission and single-phase white light. ...Herein, a new biluminescent MOF (Cd3(TCPBDA)2·8DMF·2H2O, 1) was successfully synthesized. Compound 1 itself exhibits the white-light emission due to fluorescence-phosphorescence dual emission. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first example that the single-phase white emission could be obtained by the construction of biluminescent MOF. Compound 1 was also employed as the energy transfer host matrix with the encapsulation of red guest emitter 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) into framework via one-pot process. The high energy transfer efficiency was occurred from host to guest, importantly, the single-phase phosphor DCM@1–1 (0.15 wt% DCM) displays warm white light with CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.33). In addition, a WLED lamp with compound 1 as phosphor was prepared, exhibiting moderate correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4779 K and color-rendering index (CRI) of 71. These results open a new perspective for the development of single-phase white-light materials.
Compound 1 itself exhibits the white-light emission via the fluorescence-phosphorescence dual emission. Compound 1 was also employed as an energy transfer host matrix with the encapsulation of red guest emitter 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) into framework, the single-phase white-light emission could also be obtained through the regulation of loading amounts of DCM. Display omitted
•Compound 1 itself exhibits the white-light emission via fluorescence-phosphorescence dual emission.•Compound 1 can act as an efficient light-harvesting platform for energy transfer via the encapsulation of DCM into host framework.
The rebound of influenza A (H1N1) infection in post-COVID-19 era recently attracted enormous attention due the rapidly increased number of pediatric hospitalizations and the changed characteristics ...compared to classical H1N1 infection in pre-COVID-19 era. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and severity of children hospitalized with H1N1 infection during post-COVID-19 period, and to construct a novel prediction model for severe H1N1 infection.
A total of 757 pediatric H1N1 inpatients from nine tertiary public hospitals in Yunnan and Shanghai, China, were retrospectively included, of which 431 patients diagnosed between February 2023 and July 2023 were divided into post-COVID-19 group, while the remaining 326 patients diagnosed between November 2018 and April 2019 were divided into pre-COVID-19 group. A 1:1 propensity-score matching (PSM) was adopted to balance demographic differences between pre- and post-COVID-19 groups, and then compared the severity across these two groups based on clinical and laboratory indicators. Additionally, a subgroup analysis in the original post-COVID-19 group (without PSM) was performed to investigate the independent risk factors for severe H1N1 infection in post-COIVD-19 era. Specifically, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression was applied to select candidate predictors, and logistic regression was used to further identify independent risk factors, thus establishing a prediction model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were utilized to assess discriminative capability and accuracy of the model, while decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to determine the clinical usefulness of the model.
After PSM, the post-COVID-19 group showed longer fever duration, higher fever peak, more frequent cough and seizures, as well as higher levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and fibrinogen, higher mechanical ventilation rate, longer length of hospital stay (LOS), as well as higher proportion of severe H1N1 infection (all P < 0.05), compared to the pre-COVID-19 group. Moreover, age, BMI, fever duration, leucocyte count, lymphocyte proportion, proportion of CD3
T cells, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-10 were confirmed to be independently associated with severe H1N1 infection in post-COVID-19 era. A prediction model integrating these above eight variables was established, and this model had good discrimination, accuracy, and clinical practicability.
Pediatric H1N1 infection during post-COVID-19 era showed a higher overall disease severity than the classical H1N1 infection in pre-COVID-19 period. Meanwhile, cough and seizures were more prominent in children with H1N1 infection during post-COVID-19 era. Clinicians should be aware of these changes in such patients in clinical work. Furthermore, a simple and practical prediction model was constructed and internally validated here, which showed a good performance for predicting severe H1N1 infection in post-COVID-19 era.
Low in, high out: Single crystals of a thiomethyl‐terminated oligo(phenylene vinylene) exhibit unique photonic properties including strong anisotropic solid‐state fluorescence (see depicted optical ...and fluorescence micrographs; arrows: polarization direction), high quantum yield, large two‐photon absorption cross section, and stimulated emission, which make it a candidate for opto‐electronic applications such as upconversion lasing.
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