In this paper, an innovative recursive filtering algorithm (RFA) is proposed for a class of nonlinear systems (NSs) subject to multiplicative noises (MNs) and measurement outliers (MOs). Initially, ...the MNs are employed to formulate the random influence on the NSs with the stochastic noises. Next, the outlier phenomenon could occur unpredictably during measurement transmission. Then, a self-adaptive saturation function is introduced to the constructed filter to mitigate the influence of MOs on the filter performance. In this paper, we design a resistant-outlier filter for NSs with MNs and MOs, and the filter gain ensures that the trace of the filtering error covariance matrix is minimized by solving the constructed Riccati-like difference equations. Moreover, the exponential boundedness of the filtering error in the sense of mean square is analyzed. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed RFA is illustrated by a simulation example when the MOs occur.
China launched its long-term care insurance (LTCI) program for older adults in 2016. Although the scheme has shown some promising outcomes, little is known about whether it improves subjective ...well-being. This study explored this topic among older persons with a disability and identified the underlying mechanisms associated with the channel of this effect using data from a national survey. The LTCI program was shown to improve the subjective well-being among older persons with a disability and this effect increased over time. The LTCI program has great positive effect among women and those who lived alone compared to their counterparts. Mechanism analysis revealed that the main channel by which the LTCI program has positive effect occurred through the satisfaction of long-term care needs and improved self-reported health. This study suggests promising benefits of the LTCI program for older Chinese adults.
Citrus fruit has long been considered a healthy food, but its role and detailed mechanism in lifespan extension are not clear. Here, by using the nematode C. elegans, we identified that nomilin, a ...bitter-taste limoloid that is enriched in citrus, significantly extended the animals' lifespan, healthspan, and toxin resistance. Further analyses indicate that this ageing inhibiting activity depended on the insulin-like pathway DAF-2/DAF-16 and nuclear hormone receptors NHR-8/DAF-12. Moreover, the human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) was identified as the mammalian counterpart of NHR-8/DAF-12 and X-ray crystallography showed that nomilin directly binds with hPXR. The hPXR mutations that prevented nomilin binding blocked the activity of nomilin both in mammalian cells and in C. elegans. Finally, dietary nomilin supplementation improved healthspan and lifespan in D-galactose- and doxorubicin-induced senescent mice as well as in male senescence accelerated mice prone 8 (SAMP8) mice, and induced a longevity gene signature similar to that of most longevity interventions in the liver of bile-duct-ligation male mice. Taken together, we identified that nomilin may extend lifespan and healthspan in animals via the activation of PXR mediated detoxification functions.
We report the fabrication of a one-dimensional photonic crystal microcavity via co-evaporation with electron beam/thermal evaporation process, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first ...rare-earth doped one-dimensional photonic crystal based on chalcogenide/fluoride thin films. The microcavity was made of a half-wave dysprosium doped Ga2Se3 layer sandwiched between two embedded Ga2Se3/YF3 distributed Bragg reflectors. Near infrared transmittance spectra indicated that the stopband region from 1090 nm to 1515 nm was formed and a cavity resonance centered at 1342 nm. A cavity quality factor of 153 was achieved resulting in a 53-fold enhancement in spontaneous emission intensity. This photonic crystal microcavity configuration offers a new route to mid-wavelength and long-wavelength infrared fluorescence enhancement, which has attracted considerable interest for potential applications, such as fluorescence-based imaging and biomedical sensing.
•Dy3+ doped 1-D photonic crystal microcavity was fabricated by co-evaporation technique.•Photoluminescence intensity of the microcavity was enhanced by a factor of 53 compared to the single layer reference.•Emission spectrum narrowing of Dy3+ ion due to the cavity effect was observed.
The formation of natural colored fibers mainly results from the accumulation of different anthocyanidins and their derivatives in the fibers of Gossypium hirsutum L. Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the ...first committed enzyme of flavonoid biosynthesis, and anthocyanidins are transported into fiber cells after biosynthesis mainly by Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and Leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) to present diverse colors with distinct stability. The biochemical and molecular mechanism of pigment formation in natural colored cotton fiber is not clear.
The three key genes of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR were predominantly expressed in the developing fibers of colored cotton. In the GhCHSi, GhANRi and GhLARi transgenic cottons, the expression levels of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR significantly decreased in the developing cotton fiber, negatively correlated with the content of anthocyanidins and the color depth of cotton fiber. In colored cotton Zongxu1 (ZX1) and the GhCHSi, GhANRi and GhLARi transgenic lines of ZX1, HZ and ZH, the anthocyanidin contents of the leaves, cotton kernels, the mixture of fiber and seedcoat were all changed and positively correlated with the fiber color.
The three genes of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR were predominantly expressed early in developing colored cotton fibers and identified to be a key genes of cotton fiber color formation. The expression levels of the three genes affected the anthocyanidin contents and fiber color depth. So the three genes played a crucial part in cotton fiber color formation and has important significant to improve natural colored cotton quality and create new colored cotton germplasm resources by genetic engineering.
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•Sulfide addition could induce autotrophic denitrification coupling with CANON process.•0.5−5 mg L−1 sulfide effectively improved TN removal of CANON process.•50 mg L−1 sulfide was ...the inhibition threshold on AAOB abundance.•CANON process had adaption ability to sulfide and alleviated inhibition after acclimatization.•HAO and Heme-c decreased with the high sulfide addition and had adaption ability.
Simultaneous removal of nitrogen and sulfur pollutants was an urgent issue since they coexisted in many kinds of wastewater and led to the black-odor water. In this study, sulfide was step-wise increased and added to the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal (CANON) system, to investigate its impact. Results showed that autotrophic denitrification was successfully induced and then improved the total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) to 91.9 % from 83.7 %, when 0−5 mg L−1 sulfide was supplied. However, 50 mg L−1 sulfide significantly decreased TNRE to 42.9 %, together with the decrease of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase activity to 1.05 from 1.77 EU g−1 SS and Heme-c to 0.15 from 0.28 μM g−1 SS. CANON system can resist the sulfide shock after acclimatization, the TNRE slightly decreased to 82.9 % when 50 mg L−1 sulfide was supplied again. Prominent nitrogen removal was achieved in CANON system with 5 mg L−1 sulfide, by the cooperative contribution of CANON bacteria (5.77 % Nitrosomonas, 20.2 % Candidatus Kuenenia) and denitrifying bacteria (7.52 % Truepera, 1.79 % Denitratisoma and 3.72 % Arenimonas).
This study focuses on the acetylation modification of polysaccharides from Rhododendron dauricum leaves (RDPs) with a high degree of substitution (DS) and then discusses their characterization and ...biological activity. The optimum acetylation conditions of RDPs were optimized by response surface methodology, which were reaction time 3 h, reaction temperature 50 °C, and the liquid-solid ratio 16 mL/g. Under the optima schemes, two eco-friendly acetylated polysaccharides from R. dauricum leaves (AcRDP-1 with DS of 0.439 ± 0.025 and AcRDP-2 with DS of 0.445 ± 0.022) were prepared. The results of structural characterization showed that the AcRDP-1 (9.3525 × 103 kDa) and AcRDP-2 (4.7016 × 103 kDa) were composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose with molar ratios of 1.00:5.01:1.17:0.15 and 1.00:4.47:2.39:0.88, respectively. Compared with unmodified polysaccharides, the arabinose content and molecular weight of the two acetylated polysaccharides decreased, and their triple helix conformation disappeared, and further improved their anticomplementary activity. The two acetylated polysaccharides showed stronger a complement inhibition effect than the positive drug by blocking C2, C3, C4, C5, C9, and factor B targets in the classical and alternative pathways. This research indicated that acetylation modification could effectively enhance the anticomplementary activity of RDPs, which is beneficial for the development and utilization of R. dauricum leaves.
This paper is dedicated to dealing with the recursive filtering problem for a class of microseismic signal arrival time picking with dynamic transmission mechanism (DTM) and sensor saturation (SS). ...Firstly, the microseismic wave and its environmental noise are established as an exponentially decaying cyclic wave and a Markov process, respectively, and then the state space expression of the microseismic system is exhibited. Next, the phenomenon of the SS is taken into account to describe the practical microseismic system. Simultaneously, the DTM is introduced to avoid the waste of communication resources and energy, where more valuable measurements are transmitted to the remote filter. The purpose of this paper is to design a filter such that the arrival time of P wave and S wave (ATPSW) of microseismic signals is picked automatically in consideration of the SS and the DTM, and an upper bound of the filtering error covariance matrix is optimized by the designed filter gain at each time instant. Subsequently, a sufficient condition is given to ensure that the filtering error is exponential bounded in the sense of mean square. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by a simulation experiment.
•Comprehensive model is considered to reflect the microseismic signal reality.•The dynamic transmission mechanism and the sensor saturation are introduced.•A recursive filter is designed, and the boundedness of filtering error is analyzed.•The proposed recursive filtering method for microseismic event detection is efficient.
To optimize the output of SBS sub-nanosecond pulse compression, two kinds of compact double-cell structures are carried out and compared experimentally. The beam parameters of the compact double-cell ...structure are calculated theoretically, which provides the selection guidance of structural parameters such as lens focal length and SBS cell size. The dependence of lens parameters and medium parameters on SBS output parameters are experimentally studied. Results show that SBS pulse compression enters the saturation region at a low injection energy with a long focal length lens or a large gain coefficient medium. For compact double-cell setup with one lens, it is easy to obtain narrow pulses for the medium FC40 with a short phonon lifetime. While in setup with two lenses, it is easy to obtain SBS output with a high energy efficiency and narrow pulse width for HT110 medium with a large gain coefficient. The pulse width compression ratio is up to 16 times after optimization. These experimental results can provide references for the experimental design of SBS pulse compression.
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) can severely disrupt lung function, leading to fatal consequences. Salidroside is a principal active ingredient of Rhodiola rosea and has recently been reported to protect ...against lung injures. The present study was aimed at exploring its therapeutic effects on PF. Lung fibrotic injuries were induced in SD rats by a single intratracheal instillation of 5 mg/kg bleomycin (BLM). Then, these rats were administrated with 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg salidroside for 28 days. BLM-triggered structure distortion, collagen overproduction, excessive inflammatory infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokine release, and oxidative stress damages in lung tissues were attenuated by salidroside in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, salidroside was noted to inhibit IκBα phosphorylation and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 nuclear accumulation while activating Nrf2-antioxidant signaling in BLM-treated lungs. Downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of vimentin, fibronectin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) indicated an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like shift in BLM-treated lungs. These changes were suppressed by salidroside. The expression of TGF-β1 and the phosphorylation of its downstream targets, Smad-2/-3, were enhanced by BLM, but weakened by salidroside. Additionally, salidroside was capable of reversing the recombinant TGF-β1-induced EMT-like changes in alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. Our study reveals that salidroside's protective effects against fibrotic lung injuries are correlated to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antifibrotic properties.
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