We report the fabrication of a one-dimensional photonic crystal microcavity via co-evaporation with electron beam/thermal evaporation process, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first ...rare-earth doped one-dimensional photonic crystal based on chalcogenide/fluoride thin films. The microcavity was made of a half-wave dysprosium doped Ga2Se3 layer sandwiched between two embedded Ga2Se3/YF3 distributed Bragg reflectors. Near infrared transmittance spectra indicated that the stopband region from 1090 nm to 1515 nm was formed and a cavity resonance centered at 1342 nm. A cavity quality factor of 153 was achieved resulting in a 53-fold enhancement in spontaneous emission intensity. This photonic crystal microcavity configuration offers a new route to mid-wavelength and long-wavelength infrared fluorescence enhancement, which has attracted considerable interest for potential applications, such as fluorescence-based imaging and biomedical sensing.
•Dy3+ doped 1-D photonic crystal microcavity was fabricated by co-evaporation technique.•Photoluminescence intensity of the microcavity was enhanced by a factor of 53 compared to the single layer reference.•Emission spectrum narrowing of Dy3+ ion due to the cavity effect was observed.
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•Sulfide addition could induce autotrophic denitrification coupling with CANON process.•0.5−5 mg L−1 sulfide effectively improved TN removal of CANON process.•50 mg L−1 sulfide was ...the inhibition threshold on AAOB abundance.•CANON process had adaption ability to sulfide and alleviated inhibition after acclimatization.•HAO and Heme-c decreased with the high sulfide addition and had adaption ability.
Simultaneous removal of nitrogen and sulfur pollutants was an urgent issue since they coexisted in many kinds of wastewater and led to the black-odor water. In this study, sulfide was step-wise increased and added to the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal (CANON) system, to investigate its impact. Results showed that autotrophic denitrification was successfully induced and then improved the total nitrogen removal efficiency (TNRE) to 91.9 % from 83.7 %, when 0−5 mg L−1 sulfide was supplied. However, 50 mg L−1 sulfide significantly decreased TNRE to 42.9 %, together with the decrease of hydroxylamine oxidoreductase activity to 1.05 from 1.77 EU g−1 SS and Heme-c to 0.15 from 0.28 μM g−1 SS. CANON system can resist the sulfide shock after acclimatization, the TNRE slightly decreased to 82.9 % when 50 mg L−1 sulfide was supplied again. Prominent nitrogen removal was achieved in CANON system with 5 mg L−1 sulfide, by the cooperative contribution of CANON bacteria (5.77 % Nitrosomonas, 20.2 % Candidatus Kuenenia) and denitrifying bacteria (7.52 % Truepera, 1.79 % Denitratisoma and 3.72 % Arenimonas).
Abstract
In this paper, a novel low-cost and lightweight lithium ion batteries thermal design based on EG-based composite phase change material to store heat under normal EV operating conditions is ...developed and verified theoretically. The three dimensional thermal simulation model is proposed to compute the transient temperature of the battery at some actual driving conditions during discharge. The capability of battery thermal management system based on composite PCM under four kinds of actual electric vehicles thermal safety evaluation condition is investigated, and some factors influencing the system are discussed in detail. Simulation results show that the temperature of the lithium ion battery can be maintained within a reasonable range by adopting the cooling system. The highest temperature of battery discharging at 1C rate can be kept no more than 45.1 °C in the cost of 0.5mm in thickness and 1.02kg in weight increment of PCM and the temperature consistency evaluation methods based on integral values were proposed. The conclusions got in this paper can be valuable reference for battery thermal management design and analysis of dissipating heat against daily driving discharge condition.
This study focuses on the acetylation modification of polysaccharides from Rhododendron dauricum leaves (RDPs) with a high degree of substitution (DS) and then discusses their characterization and ...biological activity. The optimum acetylation conditions of RDPs were optimized by response surface methodology, which were reaction time 3 h, reaction temperature 50 °C, and the liquid-solid ratio 16 mL/g. Under the optima schemes, two eco-friendly acetylated polysaccharides from R. dauricum leaves (AcRDP-1 with DS of 0.439 ± 0.025 and AcRDP-2 with DS of 0.445 ± 0.022) were prepared. The results of structural characterization showed that the AcRDP-1 (9.3525 × 103 kDa) and AcRDP-2 (4.7016 × 103 kDa) were composed of mannose, glucose, galactose, and arabinose with molar ratios of 1.00:5.01:1.17:0.15 and 1.00:4.47:2.39:0.88, respectively. Compared with unmodified polysaccharides, the arabinose content and molecular weight of the two acetylated polysaccharides decreased, and their triple helix conformation disappeared, and further improved their anticomplementary activity. The two acetylated polysaccharides showed stronger a complement inhibition effect than the positive drug by blocking C2, C3, C4, C5, C9, and factor B targets in the classical and alternative pathways. This research indicated that acetylation modification could effectively enhance the anticomplementary activity of RDPs, which is beneficial for the development and utilization of R. dauricum leaves.
Background:
Arthroscopic treatment is recommended for hip synovial chondromatosis. However, evidence regarding long-term clinical outcomes is limited.
Purpose:
To evaluate long-term patient-reported ...outcomes (PROs) and survival, and to determine the potential effect of residual loose bodies, as evaluated by immediate postoperative computed tomography (CT), on clinical outcomes.
Study Design:
Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
Methods:
A consecutive cohort of patients undergoing arthroscopic treatment and diagnosed with synovial chondromatosis between March 2010 and May 2015 were included in the study. Preoperative radiography, CT, and magnetic resonance imaging were performed. Preoperative, midterm (minimum of 4 years), and long-term (minimum of 8 years) PROs were collected for visual analog scale for pain, modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), Non-Arthritic Hip Score (NAHS), and 12-item international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12). The percentages achieving minimal clinically important difference (MCID) were calculated. PROs and survival were compared between patients with and without residual loose bodies evident on immediate postoperative CT scan.
Results:
A total of 28 patients (20% of patients were lost to follow-up) were included in the study with a mean follow-up period of 104.9 months (range, 96-139 months). PROs including visual analog scale for pain (preoperative, 3.8 ± 1.2; midterm, 0.9 ± 1.7; long-term, 0.8 ± 1.4), mHHS (preoperative, 66.4 ± 14.4; midterm, 92.8 ± 12.3; long-term, 93.5 ± 10.5), NAHS (preoperative, 45.2 ± 16.2; midterm, 81.8 ± 15.3; long-term, 83.1 ± 12.9), and iHOT-12 (preoperative, 48.4 ± 15.6; midterm, 69.3 ± 11.7; long-term, 72.7 ± 11.4) were improved at both midterm and long-term follow-up (all with P < .001). In total, 27 (96.4%), 28 (100%), and 26 (92.9%) patients achieved MCID for mHHS, NAHS and iHOT-12, respectively, at the long-term follow-up. No significant difference was found in any of the PROs and the rate of achieving MCID between midterm and long-term follow-up (all with P > .05). One patient (3.6%) underwent revision surgery. Among the 23 patients who had loose bodies on preoperative CT or radiographs, 14 patients (60.9%) with residual loose bodies evident on immediate postoperative CT demonstrated lower NAHS (P = .045) and iHOT-12 (P = .037) scores but a comparable survival (P > .05) at long-term follow-up compared with those who did not have loose bodies.
Conclusion:
Arthroscopic treatment for hip synovial chondromatosis achieved satisfactory long-term clinical outcomes with strong survival. Most patients maintained or improved their overall functional status between midterm and long-term follow-up. Furthermore, patients with residual loose bodies had less favorable clinical outcomes, although the survival rate was comparable.
Ridge tillage and straw returning are tillage practices widely used in the Chinese Mollisol region. However, the effects of ridge tillage combined with straw returning on runoff and soil loss control ...are still unclear. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of ridge tillage practices (contour ridge (CR)) and longitudinal ridge (LR), straw returning practices (straw on the furrow surface (SS)) and straw below the furrow (SB)), and their interactions on the runoff and soil loss by using simulated rainfall experiment. Two rainfall intensities (45 and 60 mm h−1) were applied to six combinations of ridge tillage and straw returning (contour ridge treatment, contour ridge with straw on the furrow surface treatment, contour ridge with straw below the furrow treatment, longitudinal ridge treatment, longitudinal ridge with straw on the furrow surface treatment, and longitudinal ridge with straw below the furrow treatment) on a 5° slope. The results showed that the phenomenon of ridge failure was common in the treatments with contour ridge. The average runoff rate and soil loss rate after ridge failure for treatments with contour ridge were separated 2.8 and 3.5 times greater than those of before failure at 60 mm h−1. However, the corresponding values were only 68.6% and 43.3% of the average value of longitudinal ridge treatment and longitudinal ridge with straw below the furrow treatment at 60 mm h−1. The water storage capacities of treatments with contour ridge remained constant when the rainfall intensity varied. The water storage capacities of contour ridge with straw on and below the furrow treatments were separate 3.0 and 1.0 mm less than that of contour ridge. However, longitudinal ridge with straw on the furrow surface treatment increased the runoff rate by 7.4% but reduced the soil loss rate by 72.6% when compared with longitudinal ridge treatment and longitudinal ridge with straw below the furrow treatment under the two rainfall intensities. Longitudinal with straw on the furrow surface treatment was more conducive to the stability of ridges, and there was no significant difference in total soil loss between longitudinal ridge with straw on the furrow surface treatment and treatments with contour ridge. This study was based on simulated rainfall conditions, and its adaptability under long-term positioning monitor in the field should be added in future.
Pesticide contamination is a global concern, threatening human health and food safety. Herein, we developed heparin (HEP) functionalized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs)-based ratiometric ...nanosensor for the sensitive detection of 2,6-dichloro-4-nitroaniline (DCN) pesticide via inner filter effect. The strategy for HEP functionalization of UCNPs is based on adjusting the surface potentials of UCNPs with polyanionic HEP through the electrostatic interaction. UCNPs (NaYbF4:Gd/Y/Tm@NaYbF4@NaYF4) was designed with core-shell-shell structure and extra sensitizer layer for efficient and strong upconversion luminescence (UCL) in the range of UV to NIR. After incorporation of DCN, the upconverted UV emission of UCNPs-HEP ratiometric nanosensor was considerably quenched with the NIR UCL at 800 nm remaining unchanged as internal standard. The UCNPs-HEP ratiometric nanosensor can achieve outstandingly selective and sensitive detection of DCN at the wide linear range of 5–300 μM with a detection limit of 0.41 μM. The remarkable applicability of the UCNPs-HEP ratiometric nanosensor was verified in apple, cucumber and grapes samples. The developed UCNPs-HEP ratiometric nanosensor with excellent biocompatibility and water dispersion capability, is promising for convenient, selective and sensitive sensing of DCN towards food and aqueous samples.
•Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) was modified with polyanionic heparin (HEP).•UCNPs-HEP ratiometric sensor exhibits sensitive and selective pesticide detection.•DCN was detected in wide linear range of 5–300 μM with the detection limit of 0.41 μM.•UCNPs-HEP sensor was successfully applied in cucumber, apple and grapes samples.
This paper is dedicated to dealing with the recursive filtering problem for a class of microseismic signal arrival time picking with dynamic transmission mechanism (DTM) and sensor saturation (SS). ...Firstly, the microseismic wave and its environmental noise are established as an exponentially decaying cyclic wave and a Markov process, respectively, and then the state space expression of the microseismic system is exhibited. Next, the phenomenon of the SS is taken into account to describe the practical microseismic system. Simultaneously, the DTM is introduced to avoid the waste of communication resources and energy, where more valuable measurements are transmitted to the remote filter. The purpose of this paper is to design a filter such that the arrival time of P wave and S wave (ATPSW) of microseismic signals is picked automatically in consideration of the SS and the DTM, and an upper bound of the filtering error covariance matrix is optimized by the designed filter gain at each time instant. Subsequently, a sufficient condition is given to ensure that the filtering error is exponential bounded in the sense of mean square. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is illustrated by a simulation experiment.
•Comprehensive model is considered to reflect the microseismic signal reality.•The dynamic transmission mechanism and the sensor saturation are introduced.•A recursive filter is designed, and the boundedness of filtering error is analyzed.•The proposed recursive filtering method for microseismic event detection is efficient.
To improve the quality of service (QoS) on the internet of medical things, a cognitive radio (CR) protocol based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is proposed, named CR-OFDMA. ...In this protocol, we divide a complete channel into multiple orthogonal subchannels and enhance the subchannel assignment scheme, which achieves QoS improvement under consideration of priority and fairness. Furthermore, we improve spectrum resource utilization by fully utilizing the remaining subchannels, feedback slots, and backoff slots. Then, a two-dimensional Markov model is established to describe the dynamic characteristics of the protocol operation, where the backoff stage and the backoff counter value constitute the system state. By establishing the traffic conservation equations for the system operation, the transmission probability and collision probability are calculated, and expressions of system throughput, channel utilization, and fairness index are derived. Finally, numerical results validate the advantages of CR-OFDMA.
As video surveillance systems become increasingly essential for railway operations, accurate and precise performance testing is crucial. Traditional methods for response latency testing rely on ...manual readings with millisecond-level clocks, which can lead to compatibility issues, software crashes, and potential security risks. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a response latency testing method based on object detection for railway video surveillance systems. The response latency test method includes two application scenarios: real-time video call and pan–tilt–zoom camera control response. By leveraging the YOLO-V5 model and object detection techniques, the response speed of railway video surveillance systems is effectively evaluated, ensuring testing precision. Experimental results validate the efficiency and feasibility of the proposed approach, emphasizing its enhanced stability and compatibility compared to traditional methods. The proposed approach offers an innovative solution for testing the response lantency of railway video surveillance systems, contributing to the enhancement and optimization of railway operations.
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