Concept Design of CFETR Tokamak Machine Song, Yun Tao; Wu, Song Tao; Li, Jian Gang ...
IEEE transactions on plasma science,
03/2014, Letnik:
42, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR) is a tokamak reactor; one design option under the consideration of the China National Integration Design Group employs superconducting magnets. The ...fusion power is at the range of 50-200 MW and the duty cycle (or burning time) was envisioned as 30%-50%. The plasma current will be 10 MA and the major and minor radii are 5.7 and 1.6 m, respectively. The concept engineering design including the magnet system, vacuum vessel (VV) system, and maintenance method has been carried out in the past years. The toroidal magnetic field strength at R 0 is 5 T and the maximum flux swing provided by central solenoid winding will be 160 VS. The main design work, including the electromagnetic analysis of the magnet system, has already been carried out. This paper mainly probes into the VV design and optimization based on three types of maintenance ports. Furthermore, the maintenance method, counted as one of the most important design studies, is presented specifically in this paper. It includes the design of the maintenance ports and the remote handling system design, and so on. The next design stage will mainly include mechanical design, conductor stability, different types of divertor system design, and so on.
AIM: Now many countries have developed cancer therapy with heavy ions, especially in GSI (Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung mbH, Darmstadt, Germany),remarkable results have obtained, but due to ...the complexity of particle track structure, the basic theory still needs further researching. In this paper, the genotoxic effects of heavy ions irradiation on SMMC-7721 cells were measured using the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). The information about the DNA damage made by other radiations such as X-ray, 7-raY, UV and fast neutron irradiation is very plentiful, while little work have been done on the heavy ions so far. Hereby we tried to detect the reaction of liver cancer cells to heavy ion using comet assay, meanwhile to establish a database for clinic therapy of cancer with the heavy ions .METHODS: The human hepatoma cells were chosen as the test cell line irradiated by 80Mev/u 20Nel10+ on HIRFL (China), the radiation-doses were 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 Gy,and then comet assay was used immediately to detect the DNA damages, 100-150 cells per dose-sample (30-50 cells were randomly observed at constant depth of the gel). The tail length and the quantity of the cells with the tail were put down. EXCEL was used for statistical analysis .RESULTS: We obtained clear images by comet assay and found that SMMC-7721 cells were all damaged apparently from the dose 0.5Gy to 8Gy (t-test: P<0.001, vs control). The tail length and tail moment increased as the doses increased, and the number of cells with tails increased with increasing doses. When doses were higher than 2Gy, nearly 100 % cells were damaged. Furthermore, both tail length and tail moment, showed linear equation. CONCLUSION: From the clear comet assay images, our experiment proves comet assay can be used to measure DNA damages by heavy ions. Meanwhile DNA damages have a positive correlation with the dose changes of heavy ions andSMMC-7721 cells have a great radiosensitivity to 20Ne10+ .Different reactions to the change of doses indicate that comet assay is a useful tool to detect DNA damage induced by heavy ions.
Ten previously unreported eremophilane lactones (parasalbolides A–J), including three pairs of C-10 epimers (parasalbolides A and G, B and H, and F and I, respectively), were isolated and identified ...from the whole plant of Parasenecio albus. Their structures were established on the basis of the HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic analyses, combined with the comparison of the ECD spectra. The absolute configuration of parasalbolide A was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction using Cu Kα radiation. Parasalbolides A–J represent the first examples of 1,2,10-trioxygenated eremophila-7(11),8-dien-12,8-olides. The cytotoxic and immunosuppressive activities of selected isolates were evaluated and the (10S)-eremophilane lactones (parasalbolides A, B, and F) showed more potent activities than the (10R)-ones (parasalbolides G, H, and I).
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•Ten undescribed eremophilane lactones were identified from Parasenecio albus.•Parasalbolides A/G, B/H, and F/I were three pairs of 10S/R epimers, respectively.•10S epimers showed more potent cytotoxic and immunosuppressive effects than 10R ones.
The safety and efficacy of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) plus intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) combined with sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) showing macrovascular ...invasion (MVI) remain controversial. The records of 63 patients with HCC showing MVI, who underwent IMRT plus TACE combined with (28 participants; Group A) or without (35 participants; Group B) sorafenib from 2015 to 2018, were retrospectively reviewed to assess the progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and treatment-associated toxicity. The median PFS was longer in Group A (13.6 months) than in Group B (9.2 months), and still significant after propensity score matching (PSM). However, the median OS was similar in the two groups (19.0 vs. 15.2 months,
P
= 0.094 before PSM;
P
= 0.204 after PSM). The grade 3 hematologic and hepatic toxicity was present in 10 (15.9%) and 7 (11.1%) patients, respectively. The incidence of skin reaction, hand-foot syndrome, and diarrhea, all grade 1–2 adverse events, was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B. No patient experienced grade 4 or 5 toxicity, and radiation-induced liver disease was also not observed. TACE plus IMRT combined with sorafenib showed a good safety profile and clinical benefit in patients with HCC having MVI.
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•Twelve new hypothemycin-type RALs were isolated from the culture of Podospora sp. G214.•Podomycins A–C (1–3) represent the first class of natural 13-membered RALs.•The complete ...stereo-chemistries of rearranged methoxycarbonyl substituted RALs (4–12) were resolved for the first time.•Compounds 2, 6, 8, 10 and 12 displayed in vitro immunosuppressive activities.•Podomycin F (6) induced apoptosis in activated T cells through MAPKs/AKT pathway.
Podomycins A–L (1–12), 12 undescribed hypothemycin-type resorcylic acid lactones (RALs), were characterized from Podospora sp. G214, an endophyte harbored in the roots of Sanguisorba officinalis L. Their structures were addressed by spectroscopic data, X-ray crystallography, the modified Mosher’s method, together with Mo2(OAc)4- and Rh2(OCOCF3)4-induced electronic circular dichroism (ICD) experiments. Podomycins A–C (1–3) represent the first class of natural RALs with a 13-membered macrolactone ring, while 4–12 are rearranged methoxycarbonyl substituted RALs. Biologically, compounds 2, 6, 8, 10, and 12 displayed immunosuppressive activities against T cell proliferation with IC50 values of 14.5–21.9 μM, and B cell proliferation with IC50 values of 22.3–36.5 μM, respectively. Further mechanism of action research demonstrated that podomycin F (6) distinctly induced apoptosis in activated T cells via MAPKs/AKT pathway.
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•Fifteen new highly oxygenated eremophilane sesquiterpenoids were identified from the whole plant of Parasenecio albus.•Compounds 1–6, and 9–14 represent the first class of ...1,2,10-trioxygenated eremophilane lactones.•Compounds 4, 5, and 12 exhibited moderate inhibition against LPS-induced B-cell proliferation.
Fifteen new highly oxygenated eremophilane sesquiterpenoids, parasubolides A-O (1–15), were obtained from the whole plant of Parasenecio albus. The structures of 1–15 were elucidated based on the interpretation of NMR and HRESIMS data, along with experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1–6, and 9–14 represent the first class of 1,2,10-trioxygenated eremophilane lactones. Selected isolates were evaluated for their immunosuppressive activities. Compounds 4, 5, and 12 exhibited moderate inhibition against LPS-induced B-cell proliferation with IC50 values of 23.1, 33.8, and 26.6 μM, respectively.
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•Fourteen new 11-chaetoglobosins (1–14) were characterized from Pseudeurotium bakeri P1-1-1.•1 showed significant cytotoxic effects against seven human cancer cell lines with IC50 ...values of 5.1 ± 0.9–10.8 ± 0.1 μM.•1 dose-dependently induced G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in MCF-7, HeLa, and HCT116 cells.•The mechanism involved in the G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of 1 in MCF-7 cells was associated with downregulating of cyclin B1 and Cdk1, and activating of Bcl-2/caspase-3/PARP pathway.
Fourteen new 11-chaetoglobosins (1–14), along with two known congeners, cytochalasins X and Y (15 and 16), were isolated from the cultures of an endophytic fungus Pseudeurotium bakeri P1-1-1. Their structures incorporating absolute configurations were elucidated based on the comprehensive analyses of one- and two-dimensional NMR data, HRESIMS spectrometry, chemical methods, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis (Cu Kα). All isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities and chaetopseudeurin M (1) displayed significant cytotoxic effects against seven human cancer cell lines, with IC50 values ranging from 5.1 ± 0.9 to 10.8 ± 0.1 μM. Western blot experiments exhibited that compound 1 exerted its cytotoxic effect in MCF-7 cells by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via downregulating the expression of cyclin B1 and Cdk1, and activating Bcl-2/caspase-3/PARP pathway, respectively.
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•Eleven new radicicol-type RALs were isolated from Ilyonectria sp. sb65.•Ilyomycins J and K (10a and 10b) were a pair of inseparable regioisomers via intramolecular ...transacetylation.•Compounds 3, 7, 8 and 10a/10b displayed potent immunosuppressive activities.•The α, β-unsaturated ketone from C-8 to C-10 was an important pharmacophore.•The anti-proliferative effect of 3 on T lymphocytes was mediated by its Hsp90 inhibition.
Eleven previously undescribed radicicol-type resorcylic acid lactones (RALs), namely ilyomycins A − K (1–9, 10a and 10b), were isolated and identified from the fermented rice culture of a soil-derived fungus, Ilyonectria sp. (strain sb65). Their gross structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations were elucidated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, the modified Mosher’s method, and Rh2(OCOCF3)4-induced electronic circular dichroism (ICD) experiment. Among them, 10a and 10b were a pair of inseparable regioisomers via intramolecular transacetylation. Compounds 3, 7, 8 and 10a/10b displayed immunosuppressive activities against T cell proliferation with IC50 values ranging from 1.2 to 21.7 μM, and against B cell proliferation with IC50 values ranging from 1.1 to 20.1 μM, which suggested that the α, β-unsaturated ketone from C-8 to C-10 was an important pharmacophore. Further study revealed that ilyomycin C (3) exerted anti-proliferative effect on T lymphocytes through Hsp90 inhibition.
The core-shell hierarchical mesoporous titanium dioxides with situ nitrogen dopen carbon and the stable architecture are synthesized by a feasible route, basing on the sol-gel, freeze-drying and ...calcination process. Nitrogen doped carbon is synergistically compounded with nano-TiO2 to fabricate the hybrid composite (C-N@MP-TiO2), which has high surface area of 318 m2 g−1 and large average pore size of 6.8 nm. This corresponding anode consisted of the hybrid composite exhibits superior specific capacity, rate capability, and long cycling stability. Also, the initial discharge capacity is up to 360 mAh g−1 at the current density of 0.1 A g−1 with the good capacity retention of 97% after 350 circles. The excellent rate performance presents the capacity of 173.6 mAh g−1 at the current density of 5 A g−1. Moreover, the large current reversible capacity (20 A g−1) can reach 172.2 mAh g−1 with long-term cycling stability over 500 cycles. Therefore, the superior electrochemical performances are attributed to the stable core-shell mesoporous structure and in-situ nitrogen doped carbon, which is not only improve the electron transport and lithium ion diffusion, but also facilitate the immersion of electrolyte.
•A hybrid composite with the stable core-shell mesoporous structure and in-situ N doped C was successfully prepared.•The high surface area and large average pore size can fast electrolyte infiltration and shorten Li+ diffusion pathway.•The preparation route firstly based on the sol-gel, freeze-drying and calcination process is feasible.•This hybrid composite displays superior electrochemical performance.
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![Corrigendum to “[11]-chaeto...](http://api.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/image/issn/XR4PS5YY4K/0045-2068_1090-2120/small "Corrigendum to “[11]-chaetoglobosins with cytotoxic activities from Pseudeurotium bakeri” [Bioorg. Chem. 127 (2022) 106011]")
