The section detection of the pavement is the data basis for measuring the road smoothness, rutting, lateral slope, and structural depth. The detection of the Pavement-Section includes ...longitudinal-section inspection and cross-section inspection. In this paper, based on multiple laser displacement sensors, fused accelerometers and attitude sensors, and using vehicle-mounted high-speed detection, we design a sensor-fused pavement section data acquisition method, establish the relevant mathematical model, and realize the automatic acquisition of pavement longitudinal and transverse sections. The acceleration sensor is filtered to improve the accuracy of data acquisition, and the error of the detection system is calculated and analyzed. Through the actual measurement, the vehicle-mounted high-speed pavement profile detection method adopted in this paper can not only accurately detect the profile of the pavement profile, but also improve the detection efficiency, providing a cost-effective detection mode for road surface detection.
Abstract
The preparation of hierarchical zeolites with reduced diffusion limitation and enhanced catalyst efficiency has become a vital focus in the field of zeolites and porous materials chemistry ...within the past decades. This review will focus on the diffusion and catalyst efficiency of hierarchical zeolites and industrial catalysts. The benefits of diffusion and catalyst efficiency at two levels of hierarchies (zeolitic component level and industrial catalyst level) from a chemical reaction engineering point of view will be analysed. At zeolitic component level, three types of mesopores based on the strategies applied toward enhancing the catalyst effectiveness factor are presented: (i) ‘functional mesopores’ (raising effective diffusivity); (ii) ‘auxiliary mesopores’ (decreasing diffusion length); and (iii) ‘integrated mesopores’ (a combination thereof). At industrial catalyst level, location and interconnectivity among the constitutive components are revealed. The hierarchical pore interconnectivity in multi-component zeolite based industrial catalysts is exemplified by fluid catalytic cracking and bi-functional hydroisomerization catalysts. The rational design of industrial zeolite catalysts at both hierarchical zeolitic component and catalyst body levels can be fully comprehended using the advanced in situ and/or operando spectroscopic, microscopic and diffraction techniques.
We utilize an array method called the frequency‐Bessel transformation method to extract the multimodal dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves from ambient seismic noise data recorded by the USArray ...Transportable Array. We observe as many as five overtones' dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves in the Midwestern United States, and four and three overtones' dispersion curves, respectively, in the U.S. Great Plain area and Northeastern United States. We employ a quasi‐Newton method to invert the multimodal dispersion curves for the shear velocity. We find that the sensitivity of overtones to deeper structures is higher than that of fundamental mode in the same frequency range. The utilization of overtones significantly improved the non‐uniqueness and convergence of the inversions, which make the final inversion results robust and reliable. Our inversion results for S wave velocity (Vs) model in the studied areas exhibit some differences compared with Shen and Ritzwoller's model (2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JB012887). The Vs falls abruptly in the lower crust (21–33 km) in the U.S. Great Plain area and Northeastern U.S. areas. A high‐velocity zone is observable in depth of 50–60 km in the U.S. Great Plain area and Midwestern United States, and all three models show larger Vs values below 50 km than those of Shen and Ritzwoller (2016).
Key Points
Dispersion curves of overtones of Rayleigh waves are measured by using ambient noise data of USArray Transportable Array
Overtones' dispersion curves provide strong constrains to the shear velocity inversion
Multimodal inversion results exhibit some difference from reference model in studied areas
Lake water body extraction from remote sensing images is a key technique for spatial geographic analysis. It plays an important role in the prevention of natural disasters, resource utilization, and ...water quality monitoring. Inspired by the recent years of research in computer vision on fully convolutional neural networks (FCN), an end-to-end trainable model named the multi-scale lake water extraction network (MSLWENet) is proposed. We use ResNet-101 with depthwise separable convolution as an encoder to obtain the high-level feature information of the input image and design a multi-scale densely connected module to expand the receptive field of feature points by different dilation rates without increasing the computation. In the decoder, the residual convolution is used to abstract the features and fuse the features at different levels, which can obtain the final lake water body extraction map. Through visual interpretation of the experimental results and the calculation of the evaluation indicators, we can see that our model extracts the water bodies of small lakes well and solves the problem of large intra-class variance and small inter-class variance in the lakes’ water bodies. The overall accuracy of our model is up to 98.53% based on the evaluation indicators. Experimental results demonstrate that the MSLWENet, which benefits from the convolutional neural network, is an excellent lake water body extraction network.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as selectivity regulators for catalytic reactions have attracted much attention, especially MOFs and metal nanoparticle (NP) shelled structures, e.g., MOFs@NPs@MOFs. ...Nevertheless, making hydrophilic MOF shells for gathering hydrophobic reactants is challenging. Described here is a new and viable approach employing conjugated micro‐ and mesoporous polymers with iron(III) porphyrin (FeP‐CMPs) as a new shell to fabricate MIL‐101@Pt@FeP‐CMP. It is not only hydrophobic and porous for enriching reactants, but also possesses iron sites to activate C=O bonds, thereby regulating the selectivity for cinnamyl alcohol in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde. Interestingly, MIL‐101@Pt@FeP‐CMPsponge can achieve a high turnover frequency ( 1516.1 h−1), with 97.3 % selectivity for cinnamyl alcohol at 97.6 % conversion.
Out of its shell: A series of MIL‐101@Pt@FeP‐CMP coatings having a hydrophobic and porous shell was synthesized. In the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde, the FeP‐CMP shell not only maintains selectivity with the help of an iron(III) porphyrin but also promotes catalytic efficiency through a hydrophobic environment. The MIL‐101@Pt@FeP‐CMPsponge catalyst reached the highest turnover frequency of 1516.1 h−1, thus outperforming state‐of‐the‐art catalysts. CMP=conjugated micro‐ and mesoporous polymer.
This work aimed to investigate miR-93-5p expression in tumor tissue and its in vitro effects in colorectal cancer (CRC) by targeting programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). MiR-93-5p and PD-L1 expression ...was detected in CRC and adjacent normal tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. The correlation between miR-93-5p and PD-L1 was validated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. HCT116 and SW480 cells were divided into blank, miR-NC, miR-93-5p mimics, miR-93-5p inhibitor, PD-L1 small interfering RNA (siRNA) and miR-93-5p inhibitor + PD-L1 siRNA groups, and wound-healing and transwell assays were performed to detect cell migration and invasion, respectively. Protein expression was measured by western blotting. The secretion of cytokines was detected in the CRC cell/T coculture models. MiR-93-5p was downregulated in CRC tissues with upregulated PD-L1. In PD-L1-negative patients, miR-93-5p expression was increased compared with that in PD-L1-positive patients. MiR-93-5p and PD-L1 expression levels were associated with the tumor differentiation, lymphatic metastasis, TNM, Duke's stage, and prognosis of CRC. PD-L1 siRNA weakened the migration and invasion abilities via decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), -2, and -9, and these effects were abolished by the miR-93-5p inhibitor. Additionally, anti-PD-L1 upregulated the expressions of interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interferon γ (IFN-γ) in the coculture of T cells with CRC cells, but downregulated the expressions of IL-1β, IL-10, and TGF-β. However, these changes were partially reversed by miR-93-5p inhibition. miR-93-5p is expected to be a novel target for CRC treatment since it decreases the migration and invasion, as well as the immune evasion, of CRC cells via targeting PD-L1.
Control over the morphology and crystallinity of small‐molecule organic semiconductor (OSC) films is of key importance to enable high‐performance organic optoelectronic devices. However, such control ...remains particularly challenging for solution‐processed OSC devices because of the complex crystallization kinetics of small‐molecule OSC materials in the dynamic flow of inks. Here, a simple yet effective channel‐restricted screen‐printing method is reported, which uses small‐molecule OSCs/insulating polymer to yield large‐grained small‐molecule OSC thin‐film arrays with good crystallization and preferred orientation. The use of cross‐linked organic polymer banks produces a confinement effect to trigger the outward convective flow at two sides of the channel by the fast solvent evaporation, which imparts the transport of small‐molecule OSC solutes and promotes the growth of small‐molecule OSC crystals parallel to the channel. The small‐molecule OSC thin‐film array produced by screen printing exhibits excellent performance characteristics with an average mobility of 7.94 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a maximum mobility of 12.10 cm2 V−1 s−1, which are on par with its single crystal. Finally, screen printing can be carried out using a flexible substrate, with good performance. These demonstrations bring this robust screen‐printing method closer to industrial application and expand its applicability to various flexible electronics.
A highly crystalline organic semiconductor thin‐film array is fabricated by screen printing using a simple and efficient method. The as‐prepared organic 8 × 8 field‐effect‐transistor array exhibits excellent performance characteristics and a maximum mobility of 12.10 cm2 V−1 s−1. The method can also be carried out using a flexible substrate, with good performance.
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major inducer of blindness and visual impairment. As a critical cause for DR, hyperglycaemia is able to trigger multiple biochemical alterations. MiRNAs, which contain ...various functions, can effectively regulate blood glucose levels. This research aims to confirm the roles of miRNA-199a-3p in the progression of angiogenesis in an in vitro model of DR.
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was carried to determine the expression levels of miR-199a-3p and VEGF in both hRMECs and APRE-19 cells. The luciferase reporter assay was used to study the interaction between miR-199a-3p and VEGF. Western blot assay was conducted to examine the expression levels of VEGF and the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. The cell proliferation capacity was detected via the CCK-8 test. The impact of miR-199a-3p on migration was determined using Transwell and wound healing assays. A Matrigel tube formation assay was employed to determine the vascular formation of hRMECs. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell apoptosis in the presence of LY294002 as a PI3K inhibitor.
Our results showed that high glucose (HG) decreased the relative expression level of miR-199a-3p but increased VEGF expression in hRMECs and APRE-19 cells. MiR-199a-3p inhibitor augmented cell growth, migration and angiogenesis of hRMECs. Moreover, upregulation of miR-199a-3p evidently alleviated the increases in cell proliferation, migration and angiogenesis caused by HG. In addition, the luciferase reporter assay indicated that miR-199a-3p directly targeted VEGF. The overexpression of miR-199a-3p obviously restrained the HG-stimulated PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and angiogenesis, which could be further inhibited by LY294002. Moreover, LY294002 could slightly ameliorate the miR-199a-3p inhibitor-stimulated PI3K/AKT signalling pathway and angiogenesis.
MiR-199a-3p upregulation ameliorated HG-stimulated angiogenesis of hRMECs by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway through inhibiting VEGF. Although retinal neovascularization in vivo has not been studied, these in vitro findings provide more evidence for the role of miR-199a-3p upregulation against HG-induced angiogenesis.
Solution‐printed organic single‐crystalline films hold great potential for achieving low‐cost manufacturing of large‐area and flexible electronics. For practical applications, organic field‐effect ...transistor arrays must exhibit high performance and small device‐to‐device variation. However, scalable fabrication of highly aligned organic crystalline arrays is rather difficult due to the lack of control over the crystallographic orientation, crystal uniformity, and thickness. Here, a facile solution‐printing method to fabricate centimeter‐sized highly aligned organic crystalline arrays with a thickness of a few molecular layers is reported. In this study, the solution shearing technique is used to produce large‐area, organic highly crystalline thin films. Water‐soluble ink is printed on the hydrophobic surface of organic crystalline films, to selectively protect it, followed by etching. It is shown that the addition of a surfactant dramatically changes the fluid drying dynamics and increases the contact line friction of the aqueous solution to the underlying nonwetting organic crystalline film. As a result, centimeter‐scale highly aligned organic crystalline arrays are successfully prepared on different substrates. The devices based on organic crystalline arrays show good performance and uniformity. This study demonstrates that solution printing is close to industrial application and also expands its applicability to various printed flexible electronics.
A facile method of fabricating centimeter‐scale highly aligned organic semiconductors (OSCs) arrays is developed. The wetting of a water‐soluble resist on the hydrophobic surface of the OSCs is also studied, which is critical to maintain high‐quality printing. The highly aligned OSCs arrays exhibit excellent electrical characteristics, which is promising for industrial applications and expands its applicability to various printed flexible electronics.
•A Bayesian approach for river flow rate forecast and uncertainty analysis is proposed.•Information from regional gage stations is used to identify the priori distribution.•Metropolis–Hastings MCMC ...algorithm is applied for posterior distribution sampling.•The Bayesian approach performs similarly with MLE in parameter estimation.•The Bayesian approach performs over the MLE in uncertainty quantification.
This paper presents a Bayesian approach using Metropolis–Hastings Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm and applies this method for daily river flow rate forecast and uncertainty quantification for Zhujiachuan River using data collected from Qiaotoubao Gage Station and other 13 gage stations in Zhujiachuan watershed in China. The proposed method is also compared with the conventional maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for parameter estimation and quantification of associated uncertainties. While the Bayesian method performs similarly in estimating the mean value of daily flow rate, it performs over the conventional MLE method on uncertainty quantification, providing relatively narrower reliable interval than the MLE confidence interval and thus more precise estimation by using the related information from regional gage stations. The Bayesian MCMC method might be more favorable in the uncertainty analysis and risk management.
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