Paraffin emulsions are commonly used in the manufacture of chipboard panels to provide resistance to water and humidity. The quality and performance of chipboards are improved with the use of ...paraffin emulsions stabilized by mixed surfactant systems, although little is known about the basic colloidal chemistry of such systems and their implications in the manufacturing and processing of the chipboard panels. In the present work, the stability and the phase behavior of paraffin emulsions stabilized by a mixture of anionic and nonionic surfactants, are described. Stability is studied by applying thermal and ultracentrifugation cycles, and also by rheology (steady state and dynamic determinations). A significant increase of stability is observed at high {anionic surfactant/(anionic surfactant+nonionic surfactant)} ratios. Phase behavior studies have demonstrated the presence of hexagonal liquid crystalline structures at high ionic surfactant/nonionic surfactant ratios and the presence of lamellar structures at low ratios. The stability of emulsions could be related to phase behavior, and, thus, providing a qualitative tool to predict stability.
For decades, paraffin emulsion has been used in chipboard panel manufacturing for the purpose of making it both water and damp proof. A most important variable when assessing the effectiveness of the ...emulsion as a water-resistant agent in the panel is the oil content of the paraffin. Although this aspect has been dealt with from the manufacturing (Carll,
1996
) approach, there is scarcely any literature that relates the oil content in paraffin to chipboard panel waterproofing or to the stability of the emulsion. In this article the influence that oil content exerts on waterproofing capacity is determined using the ADSA technique by studying the water-vapor-solid interface in a wood substrate coated in paraffin with a drop of water placed on top. Thus, the water-resistant capacity of a chipboard panel is related to the paraffin oil content in the emulsion. Furthermore, in this article, paraffin oil content is also related to the emulsion stability through its rheological behavior in both the fluid and dynamic patterns.
Leukocytosis occurs as a response to a variety of inflammatory processes.
To determine if white blood cell count (WBCC) at admission among patients who suffer an acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has an ...independent prognostic value for the occurrence of new cardiovascular adverse events (CAE).
Prospective study of 558 patients aged 68 +/- 13 years (122 women) admitted to the hospital for an acute coronary syndrome. WBCC was measured at admission. A logistic regression model was used to assess the association of WBCC with the occurrence of CAE during the next six months after admission (post infarction angina, re-infarction, cardiac failure and mortality).
An univariate analysis showed that patients with a WBCC > 15.000 cell/mm(3) had a significantly higher mortality and occurrence of CAE. The multivariate analysis showed that subjects with WBCC < 10.000 cell/mm(3) experienced fewer CAE than subjects with a WBCC > 15.000 cell/mm(3), with an odds ratio of 0.46 (95% confidence intervals = 0.21-0.97, p = 0,042).
An elevated WBCC at admission among patients with an ACS is associated with a higher incidence of CAE in the ensuing six months.
Background Human Ebola infection is characterized by a paralysis of the immune system. A signature of alphabeta T cells in fatal Ebola infection has been recently proposed, while the involvement of ...innate immune cells in the protection/pathogenesis of Ebola infection is unknown. Aim of this study was to analyze gammadelta T and NK cells in patients from the Ebola outbreak of 2014-2015 occurred in West Africa, and to assess their association with the clinical outcome. Methodology/Principal findings Nineteen Ebola-infected patients were enrolled at the time of admission to the Ebola Treatment Centre in Guinea. Patients were divided in two groups on the basis of the clinical outcome. The analysis was performed by using multiparametric flow cytometry established by the European Mobile Laboratory in the field. A low frequency of Vdelta2 T-cells was observed during Ebola infection, independently from the clinical outcome. Moreover, Vdelta2 T-cells from Ebola patients massively expressed CD95 apoptotic marker, suggesting the involvement of apoptotic mechanisms in Vdelta2 T-cell loss. Interestingly, Vdelta2 T-cells from survivors expressed an effector phenotype and presented a lower expression of the CTLA-4 exhaustion marker than fatalities, suggesting a role of effector Vdelta2 T-cells in the protection. Furthermore, patients with fatal Ebola infection were characterized by a lower NK cell frequency than patients with non fatal infection. In particular, both CD56.sup.bright and CD56.sup.dim NK frequency were very low both in fatal and non fatal infections, while a higher frequency of CD56.sup.neg NK cells was associated to non-fatal infections. Finally, NK activation and expression of NKp46 and CD158a were independent from clinical outcome. Conclusions/Significances Altogether, the data suggest that both effector Vdelta2 T-cells and NK cells may play a role in the complex network of protective response to EBOV infection. Further studies are required to characterize the protective effector functions of Vdelta2 and NK cells.
The photolysis of folic acid (=N‐(4‐{(2‐amino‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxopteridin‐6‐yl)methylamino}benzoyl)‐L‐glutamic acid) in alkaline aqueous solution (pH 10.0–11.0) was carried out at 350 nm at room ...temperature and monitored by UV/VIS spectrophotometry, anal. and prep. thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), and high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, HPLC/MS). The folate species underwent at least two independent photo‐oxidation pathways, which were not observed when the acid form was photolyzed at pH<7. The presence of O2 was essential in these oxidation pathways. Evidence for the role of singlet oxygen was established. In one of the pathways, the folate underwent cleavage, yielding 6‐formylpterin (=2‐amino‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxopteridine‐6‐carboxaldehyde) and (4‐aminobenzoyl)glutamic acid as photoproducts. The other pathway yielded a new photostable product A of molecular mass 455, which could be isolated and stored in acidic or neutral aqueous solution. However, A was rather unstable in alkaline media undergoing a thermal reaction to a product B of lower molecular mass (427). The kinetics of this thermal reaction was analyzed with a stopped‐flow spectrophotometer. A linear dependence of the first‐order rate constant with the OH− concentration was observed. The corresponding bimolecular rate constant was 1.1 M−1 s−1. The quantum yields of substrate consumption and of photoproduct formation were determined. The here‐reported photochemical behavior of folate solutions departs from results in acid media, where phototransformation proceeded via the cleavage of the acid form into 6‐formylpterin and (4‐aminobenzoyl)glutamic acid as the first major photoproducts, and where no thermal reactions were observed.
Management models in clinical nutrition: weaknesses and strengths García de Lorenzo, A; Alvarez, J; Burgos, R ...
Nutrición hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Española de Nutrición Parenteral y Enteral,
2009 Mar-Apr, 20090301, Letnik:
24, Številka:
2
Journal Article
At the 6th Abbott-SENPE Debate Forum a multidisciplinary and multiprofessional discussion was established in order to seek for the model or the models of clinical management most appropriate for ...Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Units (CNAD) in Spain. The weaknesses and strengths as well as opportunities for the current systems were assessed concluding that a certain degree of disparity was observed not only due to regional differences but also to different hospital types. It was proposed, from SENPE, the creation of a working group helping to standardize the models and promote the culture of Integral Control and Change Management.
Around 600 spinal epidural hematoma cases have been previously reported. Incidence of paraplegia after epidural anesthesia varies between 0,0005 and 0,02%. Several possible etiologies have been ...described in the literature, including surgery, trauma, anticoagulant therapy, arteriovenous malformations, pregnancy and lumbar puncture. Spinal and epidural anesthesic procedures represent the tenth most common cause. But in combination with anticoagulant therapy, the forementioned procedures increase its incidence until reaching the fifth most common etiological group. We report the case of an 80 year-old-man with a cervical epidural hematoma who had a good outcome with conservative management.
80 year-old-man that developed intense cervicalgia with lower limbs weakness showing complete paraplegia and arreflexia 2 hours after analgesic treatment with epidural cervical infiltration for cervicoartrosis. Cervical MRI showed epidural cervical hematoma between C4 and T1 levels. The patient is transferred to our facilities in order to perform surgery. But after showing fast recovery, medical conservative management was elected. After one month, the patient's condition has improved showing no neurological deficits and complete resorption is seen in MRI.
Nowadays, trend is to perform surgery in patients with spinal hematoma and significant neurological deterioration during the first hours. However, good neurological outcomes can be achieved with conservative management, in well selected patients with non progressive, incomplete and partial deficits. Presently, we can not predict which is the best treatment for each case.
Through the study of the vapor-water-solid interface, the water-repellent capacity of a paraffin wax-covered wood substrate has been related to the structure of the hydrocarbons of which it is ...composed, using the axisymmetric drop shape analysis (ADSA) and gas chromatography (CG) techniques. Two effects were found relating to the distribution of hydrocarbons in paraffin wax affecting its surface properties, such as the contact angle and the surface tension: paraffin wax's "intrinsic" waterproofing capacity, dependent on the hydrocarbons' stereochemical configuration, and the loss of this capacity dependent on the hydrocarbons' molecular weight. The "intrinsic" waterproofing capacity is measured as the vapor-liquid-solid interface contact angle (water on a paraffin wax-covered wood substrate), and the loss of this capacity is measured as the time-dependent decrease in that same interface contact angle as we edge away from ideal conditions using a non standard substrate. The chromatographic distribution area that provides the ideal surface properties (maximum waterproofing capacity and minimum loss of this capacity) for the paraffin wax-covered wood substrate was also determined.
En el VIº Foro de Debate Abbott-SENPE se establece una discusión multidisciplinar y multiprofesional para buscar el o los modelos de gestión clínica que consideramos más adecuados para la Unidades de ...Nutrición Clínica y Dietética (UNCyD) en España. Se valoran los puntos débiles y fuertes así como las oportunidades de los actuales sistemas y se concluye en la observación de una cierta disparidad vinculada no solo a las comunidades autónomas sino también a los diferentes tipos de hospital. Se propone, desde SENPE, la creación de un grupo de trabajo que ayude a la normalización de los modelos y a potenciar la cultura del Cuadro de Mandos Integral y de Gestión del Cambio.
En el VIº Foro de Debate Abbott-SENPE se establece una discusión multidisciplinar y multiprofesional para buscar el o los modelos de gestión clínica que consideramos más adecuados para la Unidades de ...Nutrición Clínica y Dietética (UNCyD) en España. Se valoran los puntos débiles y fuertes así como las oportunidades de los actuales sistemas y se concluye en la observación de una cierta disparidad vinculada no solo a las comunidades autónomas sino también a los diferentes tipos de hospital. Se propone, desde SENPE, la creación de un grupo de trabajo que ayude a la normalización de los modelos y a potenciar la cultura del Cuadro de Mandos Integral y de Gestión del Cambio.At the 6th Abbott-SENPE Debate Forum a multidisciplinary and multiprofessional discussion was established in order to seek for the model or the models of clinical management most appropriate for Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics Units (CNAD) in Spain. The weaknesses and strengths as well as opportunities for the current systems were assessed concluding that a certain degree of disparity was observed not only due to regional differences but also to different hospital types. It was proposed, from SENPE, the creation of a working group helping to standardize the models and promote the culture of Integral Control and Change Management.
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