In the current investigation, 28 accessions of Spanish and Tunisian peas were characterized by eight SSR polymorphic markers to assess their genetic diversity. Many methods have been applied to ...evaluate these relationships including diversity indices, analysis of molecular variance, cluster analysis, and population structure. The means of diversity indices, the polymorphism information content (PIC), the allelic richness, and the Shannon information index were 0.51, 3.87, and 0.9, respectively. These results revealed a large polymorphism (84.15 %) which produced a higher degree of genetic distance amongst the accessions. The unweighted pair group approach with arithmetic mean divided the collection of these accessions into three major genetic clusters. Therefore, this article has clearly demonstrated the usefulness of the SSR markers that can significantly contribute to the management and conservation of pea germplasm in these countries, as well as to future reproduction.
•MeJA and SA treatments delayed senescence process of lemon fruit during cold storage.•Preharvest treatment enhanced lemon antioxidant systems.•Maintenance of lemon quality was attributed to over ...expression of APX gene and increase in antioxidant compounds.•Salicylic acid was more effective than MeJA on improving lemon quality and postharvest shelf life.
The effects of preharvest treatments with 0.1 mM methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA) on quality parameters of lemon fruit and their relationship with antioxidant systems, gene expression and bioactive compounds at harvest and during cold storage were evaluated. Results showed that total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and the major individual phenolics (hesperidin and eriocitrin) were always higher in treated fruit than in controls. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes catalase, peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase was also increased at harvest by SA and MeJA treatments, especially the last enzyme, for which the expression of its codifying gene was also enhanced. In addition, treated fruit had lower weight and firmness losses, respiration rate and production of ethylene than controls. Moreover, sugars and organic acids were maintained at higher concentration in flavedo and juice as a consequence of preharvest SA and MeJA treatments, showing an effect on maintaining fruit quality properties.
En este artículo se analizan dos tipos de saludos en el mixe de Yacochi y de Tamazulápam, Oaxaca. Se trata de un primer acercamiento al estudio de los saludos desde la lingüística antropológica y los ...anclamos en la deixis y la actuación. Establecemos, desde un enfoque general sobre las teorías parentales, lo que llamamos «saludo» en español. En las dos variedades de mixe se reportan como kojtspoo’kxë’n y käjpx- po’kxï’n (Yacochi y Tamazulápam, respectivamente) y se interpretan como «el descanso del habla». Nuestra base de datos vincula lo que se expresa formalmente en los saludos y las condiciones extralingüísticas en las que ocurren. Planteamos que el saludo en las dos variedades de mixe es un género discursivo que sucede en un contexto multimodal.
Aim
The study aims to analyse the efficacy of massage therapy and kinesitherapy applied by parents of premature infants admitted to hospital.
Background
Premature newborns suffer early somatic ...deprivation that has adverse effects on their growth and development and that also has a negative impact on the emotional state of their parents. Massage therapy and kinesitherapy is beneficial in alleviating somatic deficit and facilitates the bond between parents and newborns.
Design
A quasi‐experimental community intervention trial will be conducted in a neonatology unit.
Methods
This study will compare the benefits of a 15‐min massage protocol applied by parents with the usual medical and nursing care given by neonatal units for premature babies. The evaluation of neuromotor development will take place through the Spanish Premie‐Neuro scale. The determination of weight, size, and head circumference will be based on the unit's usual procedures.
Discussion
If the implementation of a massage therapy and kinesitherapy protocol is effective in promoting the growth and development of hospitalized premature infants, the results of this study could give an impetus for the inclusion of somatic stimulation in the usual nursing care given for preterm infants.
Impact
Prematurity and its associated morbidity pose a major global public health problem. Somatic and kinaesthetic stimulation has beneficial effects on anthropometric and neuromotor development in preterm infants. The results will have a positive impact on premature neonates and their families, both during the hospitalization, and a positive socio‐economic effect throughout their lives (education, work, disability).
Trial registration: NCT03704012.
目的
本研究旨在分析医院内早产儿由家长进行推拿疗法和运动疗法的效果。
背景
早产新生儿过早离开母体将不利于其生长发育,也会对父母的情绪状态造成负面影响。
推拿疗法和运动疗法有益于促进身体发育,增强父母与新生儿之间的纽带。
设计
准实验性社区干预试验将在新生儿科进行。
方法
这项研究将比较由父母采用的15分钟按摩方案的效果与新生儿病房为早产儿提供的常规医疗和护理的效果。神经运动发育的评估将通过西班牙PREMIE神经量表进行。早产新生儿的重量、尺寸和头围将基于设备的常规程序进行测量。
讨论
如果实施推拿疗法和运动疗法方案能够有效地促进住院早产儿的生长发育,本研究的结果将推动将躯体刺激纳入早产儿的常规护理中。
影响
早产及其相关的发育不良是全球公共卫生问题中的一个主要问题。躯体和运动刺激有益于早产儿的人体测量和运动神经的发育。这一研究的结果将有益于住院期间的早产儿及其家庭产生,并对其一生(教育、工作、残疾)产生积极的社会经济影响。
试验注册号
NCT03704012.
Isoniazid is used as anti-tuberculosis drug which possesses functional groups capable of forming hydrogen bonds. A series of cocrystals of isoniazid (INH) with polyphenolic coformers such as catechol ...(CAT), orcinol (ORC), 2-methylresorcinol (MER), pyrogallol (PYR), and phloroglucinol (PLG) were prepared by solvent-assisted grinding. Powder cocrystals were characterized by infrared (IR) spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction. The crystal structure of the cocrystals revealed the unexpected hydration of the INH-MER cocrystal and the preference of the (phenol) O–H∙∙∙N (pyridine) and (terminal) N-H∙∙∙O (phenol) heterosynthons in the stabilization of the structures. The supramolecular architecture of the cocrystals is affected by the conformation and the substitution pattern of the hydroxyl groups of the polyphenols.
Key message
A remnant population of
Anadenanthera colubrina
var.
cebil
in Northern Argentina showed a mixed mating system, high genetic diversity, and moderate spatial genetic structure, which was ...stronger in saplings than in adults. Demographic history analyses revealed an ancient population expansion. Despite high genetic diversity, high inbreeding suggests caution in the use of this stand as seed source.
Context
Information on fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) and demographic history is essential to determine which mechanisms are responsible for population persistence and evolution. This is particularly important in fragmented biomes, such as the seasonally dry tropical forests.
Aims
To assess the level of genetic diversity and population genetic structure in a remnant population of
A. colubrina
var.
cebil
, and to evaluate the influence of historical and contemporary environmental change on the genetic constitution of this population.
Methods
Eight microsatellites were typed in 60 adults and 59 saplings. The existence of (non-spatial) genetic clusters was evaluated using STRUCTURE and PCAs. FSGS was evaluated by kinship analyses and sPCA. MCMCglmm models were used to provide insights into factors underlying FSGS. Demographic history was studied using bottleneck statistics and approximate Bayesian computation.
Results
We found high levels of genetic diversity and high inbreeding. Genetic structure was stronger in saplings than in adult trees, probably due to assortative mating, and was not explained by altitude or DBH. Demographic analyses suggested an ancient population expansion.
Conclusion
Patterns of inbreeding and relatedness suggest a mixed mating system. High genetic diversity and moderate genetic structure suggest long-term population viability. High inbreeding suggests caution when using this stand as a source of material for reforestation.
The pea (
Pisum sativum
L.) is arguably an important winter pulse crop and a fundamental source of proteins for human and animal nutrition. In Tunisia, pea cultivation is characterized by its ...instability, especially in the arid region of Southern Tunisia. We carried out an investigation of the agro-morphological and genetic diversity of 12 local pea accessions cultivated in the arid region. We analyzed 21 qualitative and 26 quantitative traits following the UPOV descriptors. Furthermore, 8 SSRs were employed to examine genetic polymorphism, differentiation, and population structure. Molecular and agro-morphological data distinguished all the accessions under investigation. A considerable phenotypic diversity among accessions was observed for many characters, including some related to agronomical performance. At the molecular level, all the SSRs were polymorphic, with an average of 0.44 PIC value per locus. Our work indicated the presence of a wide-ranging variation among the local pea accessions evaluated. The overall results indicated that the agro-morphological traits and SSR markers were reliable and effective for assessing the genetic diversity of phenotypic pea accessions.
The knowledge of the beneficial health properties of underutilised varieties of fruits is very valuable for the conservation of plant genetic diversity and agricultural development. The colour, ...weight, morphological parameters and total antioxidant activity (TAA) of the edible tissues of nine traditional
Citrus
fruits, three mandarin varieties, three lemon varieties, ‘Dulce’ lime, ‘Cimboba’ and ‘Blanco’ grapefruit was quantified. In addition, other fruit quality properties, such as organic acids and sugar concentrations in the
Citrus
juices were analysed, and the evaluation of organoleptic attributes, such as sweetness, aroma, firmness, lack of bitterness, overall impression and notable feature of fruits, was performed by a sensory panel. Results show significant differences among
Citrus
species and varieties of the analysed parameters. Analysis of the weight of the whole fruit and its edible tissues showed that the relative proportion of each fruit tissue was similar for all the studied
Citrus
species and varieties. on the other hand, ‘Autóctona’ mandarin and ‘Fino’ and ‘Sanguino’ lemons showed the highest TAA, while the ones most appreciated by consumers according to the sensory panel results were ‘Dulce’ lime followed by ‘Sanguino’ lemon, which could be due to their high fructose concentration and original colour, respectively. The utilisation of certain traditional
Citrus
species and varieties, such as’Mandarin’ and ‘Autoctona’ mandarins, ‘Sanguino’ lemon and ‘Dulce’ lime, of the south-east of Spain in future breeding programmes to increase agricultural biodiversity. In addition, the consumption of traditional varieties of
Citrus
fruits with high antioxidant activity would improve the beneficial effect of fruits in human health.
ObjectiveThe main objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of arterial hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, smoking, alcoholism and COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) on the ...viability of the extracted tissue as well as the donor.DesignObservational case–control study.SettingRegional hospital in Northern Spain.Participants1517 corneas were registered.InterventionsPatients’ medical history was reviewed after corneal donation and evaluation. Previous medical information (age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs)) and data related to the donor (type of donor), the corneal tissue and its evaluation, and the viability of the implant were collected.ResultsA total of 1517 corneas were registered and 81.5% of the donors presented at least one CVRF. In relation to the viability of the donor, it was observed that having suffered from COPD reduced the viability of the donor (no COPD: 93.8% vs COPD: 88%; OR=0.49; 95% CI: 0.28 to 0.84) while alcohol consumption increased it (drinker or ex-drinker: 95.8% vs non-drinker: 92.5%; OR=1.84; 95% CI: 1.01 to 3.33). Regarding tissue viability, decreased viability was observed in the presence of COPD (no COPD: 72.5% vs COPD: 64; OR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.96) and diabetes mellitus (no diabetes: 72.9% vs diabetes: 67.2%; OR=0.76; 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.99). As regards the viability of the implant, a total of 1039 corneas (68.9%) were suitable, observing decreased viability when suffering from COPD (no COPD: 69.8% vs COPD: 60.7%; OR=0.67; 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.94) and increased when having an active smoking habit (no habit: 65.3% vs habit: 74.1%; OR=1.52; 95% CI: 1.21 to 1.91).ConclusionsThrough this study, it can be concluded that in the absence of absolute exclusion criteria for donors, the assessment of how CVRF, alcoholism and COPD may affect the donor provides details about the quality of the tissue to be obtained.
Graphical Abstract 1
Experimental design for oxalic acid preharvest treatment and main results from a metabolomic approach on increasing colour and quality of table grape.
The effect of oxalic acid ...(OA) in determining poorly coloured table grape quality remains relatively unknown. Some red cultivars, such as seedless table grape ‘Magenta’ are characterised by a poor berry colour, an attribute highly demanded by the consumer. The aim of this research was to elucidate the effect of a preharvest OA treatment (5 mM) on berry colour and quality of table grape by investigating its role in berry development, on-vine ripening, and postharvest senescence. We found that OA significantly increased abscisic acid (ABA) and ABA glucose ester (ABA–GE) content in treated berries. This increase was mediated by changes in the ABA biosynthetic pathway, specifically by the upregulation of the 9-
cis
-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (
Vv
NCED1) gene. The accumulation of ABA in treated berries resulted in colour improvement and a higher individual and total anthocyanins content at harvest compared with control; whereas at harvest, OA-treated table grapes showed a significantly lower glucose and fructose content and a higher content of tartaric, ascorbic, and succinic acids. Furthermore, antioxidant enzyme activity was increased during berry development in OA-treated berries. On the other hand, those berries treated with OA showed a delay in loss of firmness and colour during cold storage, as well as less susceptibility to postharvest decay incidence. This effect of OA delaying the senescence process was also related to enzymatic antioxidant system stimulation. For the first time, the role of OA on increasing quality, mainly colour, in table grapes was elucidated, highlighting that this treatment upregulated ABA metabolism, relative
Vv
NCED1 gene expression and antioxidant system, delaying postharvest berry senescence.
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