Niacin is a water soluble vitamin, also known as nicotinic acid or Vitamin B3. Nicotinamide is a derivative of niacin (amide of nicotinic acid), and is used by the body to produce the coenzyme ...nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), In preparing this review about the niacin requirements for Venezuela, it was found that there is not enough national data to establish recommendations, therefore, as in the 2000 review of the Venezuelan Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), the actual recommendations for intake of niacin, are based on those reported for the United States population. The RDAs for Venezuela are: 2-4 mg/day for infants less than 1 year old, 6-8 mg/day for children between 1 and 8 years, 12 mg/day for children between 9 and 13 years, 14 mg/day for adolescents and female adults, 16 mg/day for adolescents and adult males, 18 mg/day during pregnancy and 17 mg/day during lactation. The estimated average requirement (EAR) is: 6-9 mg/day for children, 11 mg/ day for adolescents and female adults and 12 mg/day for adolescents and adult males, increasing to 14 mg/day during pregnancy and to 13 mg/day during lactation. The niacin Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) are: 10 mg/day for children between 1 and 3 years, 15 mg/day for children between 4 and 8 years, 20 mg/day for children between 9 and 13 years, 30 mg/day for adolescents and 35 mg/day for adults. It is necessary to perform studies where the nutritional status of this vitamin is evaluated for different population groups, including not only the estimation of consumption, but the use of biochemical indicators, such as measuring the levels of the coenzymes NAD and NADP in erythrocytes or whole blood and determination of the major urinary metabolites of the vitamin.
The coating composition of nanomedicines is one of the main features in determining the medicines' fate, clearance, and immunoresponse in the body. To highlight the coatings' impact in pulmonary ...administration, two micellar superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) were compared. These nanoparticles are similar in size and charge but have different coatings: either phosphatidylcholine (PC-SPION) or bovine serum albumin (BSA-SPION). The aim of the study was to increase the understanding of the nano-bio interaction with the cellular and non-cellular components of the lung and underline valuable coatings either for local lung-targeted drug delivery in theranostic application or patient-friendly route systemic administration. PC-SPION and BSA-SPION were deposited in the alveoli by in vivo instillation and, despite the complexity of imaging the lung, SPION were macroscopically visualized by MRI. Impressively, PC-SPION were retained within the lungs for at least a week, while BSA-SPION were cleared more rapidly. The different lung residence times were confirmed by histological analysis and supported by a flow cytometry analysis of the SPION interactions with different myeloid cell populations. To further comprehend the way in which these nanoformulations interact with lung components at the molecular level, we used fluorescence spectroscopy, turbidity measurements, and dynamic light scattering to evaluate the interactions of the two SPION with surfactant protein A (SP-A), a key protein in setting up the nanoparticle behavior in the alveolar fluid. We found that SP-A induced aggregation of PC-SPION, but not BSA-SPION, which likely caused PC-SPION retention in the lung without inducing inflammation. In conclusion, the two SPION show different outcomes from interaction with SP-A leading to distinctive fate in the lung. PC-SPION hold great promise as imaging and theranostic agents when prolonged pulmonary drug delivery is required.
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•Iron oxide nanoparticles can be followed in the lung in vivo by longitudinal MRI.•The coating composition has a critical role in nanoparticle pulmonary clearance.•Phosphatidylcholine coating increases the lifetime of nanoparticles in the lungs.•High impact of the nanoparticle's coating on interaction with surfactant protein A.
Niacin is a water soluble vitamin, also known as nicotinic acid or Vitamin B3. Nicotinamide is a derivative of niacin (amide of nicotinic acid), and is used by the body to produce the coenzyme ...nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). In preparing this review about the niacin requirements for Venezuela, it was found that there is not enough national data to establish recommendations, therefore, as in the 2000 review of the Venezuelan Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), the actual recommendations for intake of niacin, are based on those reported for the United States population. The RDAs for Venezuela are: 2-4 mg/day for infants less than 1 year old, 6-8 mg/day for children between 1 and 8 years, 12 mg/day for children between 9 and 13 years, 14 mg/day for adolescents and female adults, 16 mg/day for adolescents and adult males, 18 mg/day during pregnancy and 17 mg/day during lactation. The estimated average requirement (EAR) is: 6-9 mg/day for children, 11 mg/day for adolescents and female adults and 12 mg/day for adolescents and adult males, increasing to 14 mg/day during pregnancy and to 13 mg/day during lactation. The niacin Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) are: 10 mg/day for children between 1 and 3 years, 15 mg/day for children between 4 and 8 years, 20 mg/day for children between 9 and 13 years, 30 mg/day for adolescents and 35 mg/day for adults. It is necessary to perform studies where the nutritional status of this vitamin is evaluated for different population groups, including not only the estimation of consumption, but the use of biochemical indicators, such as measuring the levels of the coenzymes NAD and NADP in erythrocytes or whole blood and determination of the major urinary metabolites of the vitamin. La niacina es una vitamina hidrosoluble, conocida también como ácido nicotínico o vitamina B3. La nicotinamida es un derivado de la niacina (amida del ácido nicotínico), y es utilizada por el cuerpo para producir las coenzimas nicotinamida adenina dinucleótido (NAD) y nicotinamida adenina dinucleótido fosfato (NADP). En esta revisión de los requerimientos de niacina para Venezuela, encontramos que los datos nacionales no son suficientes para establecer las recomendaciones de consumo de este nutriente, por lo tanto, al igual que en la revisión del año 2000, las recomendaciones actuales se basan en las definidas para la población de Estados Unidos. Las Ingestas Dietéticas Recomendadas (RDAs) para Venezuela son: menores de 1 año (2-4 mg/día), niños entre 1 y 8 años (6-8 mg/día), niños entre 9 y 13 años (12 mg/día), adolescentes y adultos del sexo femenino (14 mg/día), adolescentes y adultos del sexo masculino (16 mg/día), embarazadas (18 mg/día) y lactancia (17 mg/día). En cuanto al Requerimiento Promedio Estimado (EAR): 5-9 mg/día para niños, 11 mg/día para adolescentes y adultos del sexo femenino y 12 mg/día para adolescentes y adultos del sexo masculino, aumentado a 14 mg/día para embarazadas y a 13 mg/día durante la lactancia. Los Niveles de Ingesta Máximos Tolerables (UL) son: niños entre 1 y 3 años (10 mg/día), niños entre 4 y 8 años (15 mg/día), niños entre 9 y 13 años (20 mg/día), adolescentes (30 mg/día) y adultos (35 mg/día). Es necesario realizar estudios donde se evalúe el estado nutricional de esta vitamina en diferentes grupos de la población, que incluya no solo la estimación del consumo, sino la utilización de indicadores bioquímicos, como la medición de los niveles de las coenzimas NAD y NADP en eritrocitos o sangre completa y la determinación de los principales metabolitos urinarios de la vitamina.
Enfermedad de Kawasaki en un hospital pediátrico en México García Rodríguez, Fernando; Flores Pineda, Ángel de Jesús; Villarreal Treviño, Ana Victoria ...
Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México,
May-June 2016, Letnik:
73, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
La enfermedad de Kawasaki (EK) es una de las vasculitis sistémicas más comunes en niños menores de 5 años de edad. La epidemiología de la enfermedad no está bien establecida en México. El objetivo de ...este trabajo fue describir la epidemiología, características clínicas y tratamiento de los pacientes con EK atendidos en el Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez (HIMFG).
Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, descriptivo y analítico de pacientes diagnosticados con EK en el HIMFG en el periodo comprendido entre enero de 2004 y diciembre de 2014.
Se analizaron 204 casos, la mayoría de sexo masculino (55%), con mediana de edad de 32.5 meses (6-120) y una tasa de hospitalización del 96%. El 20% de los pacientes presentó EK incompleto. No se reportaron diferencias en la somatometría ni signos vitales. La sintomatología más frecuente fue fiebre, conjuntivitis (89%), cambios orales (84%), faringitis (88%) y lengua en fresa (83%). Se encontraron reactantes de fase aguda más elevados en las presentaciones clásicas. Se reportaron alteraciones ecocardiográficas en 60 pacientes (29%), de las cuales el 12% fueron ectasia y el 11% aneurismas coronarios. Por otro lado, 169 pacientes (83%) recibieron inmunoglobulina intravenosa (IGIV), 18 (9%) resistencia a IGIV, 6 (3%) requirieron corticosteroides y 2 (1%) infliximab; todos recibieron ácido acetilsalicílico.
No se encontraron diferencias importantes entre las presentaciones clásicas e incompletas. La incidencia de alteraciones cardiacas es menor a la reportada previamente en México, pero similar a la de otros países.
Kawasaki disease (KD) is one of the most common systemic vasculitis in children under 5 years of age. The epidemiology of the disease is not well established in Mexico. The objective of this study was to describe the epidemiology, clinical features and treatment of patients with KD at the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG).
We conducted a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study of patients diagnosed from January 2004 to December 2014 with KD in the HIMFG.
We analyzed 204 cases from which 55% were male, with a median age of 32.5 months (6-120) and a rate of hospitalization of 96%. Twenty percent of patients presented incomplete KD. No differences in the somatometric measurements or vitals were reported. The most frequent symptoms were fever, conjunctivitis (89%), oral changes (84%), pharyngitis (88%) and strawberry tongue (83%). We found higher acute phase reactants in the classic presentation. Echocardiographic alterations in 60 patients (29%), of which 12% were ectasia and 11% reported coronary aneurysms. On the other hand, 169 (83%) patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), 18 (9%) presented resistance to IVIG, 6 (3%) required corticosteroids, and 2 (1%) infliximab; all received acetylsalicylic acid.
There were no important differences between classic and incomplete presentations. The incidence of cardiac alterations is less than previously reported in Mexico, but similar to that of other countries.
Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most aggressive central nervous system tumors and with worse prognosis. Until now,treatments have managed to significantly increase the survival of these ...patients, depending on age, cognitive status, and autonomy of the individuals themselves. Based on these parameters, both initial or recurrence treatments are performed, as well as monitoring of disease by imaging studies. When the patient enters the terminal phase and curative treatments are suspended, respect for the previous wishes of the patient and development and implementation of palliative therapies must be guaranteed.
Hypertension (HT) has been associated with mitochondrial dysfunction due to both nitrosative and oxidative stresses that are generated by increased activity of NADPH oxidase (Nox), defective calcium ...transport and enhanced ROS generation by reverse electron transfer (RET) at complex I. These factors contribute to the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and to the progress of hypertensive complications. Previously, we have shown that avocado oil, a rich source of bioactive compounds and antioxidants, decreases blood pressure and ameliorates both mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in kidney from hypertensive rats. However, it is unknown whether the effects of avocado oil on renal mitochondria are attributable to decreased activity of NADPH oxidase, lowered levels of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and improved calcium uptake by mitochondria. Thus, we analyzed Nox activity and peroxynitrite (ONOO‐) levels in kidney cytosolic fractions of L‐NAME – induced hypertensive rats as well as mitochondrial calcium uptake and complex I activity. After 60‐days of L‐NAME administration, the hypertensive rats exhibited enhanced Nox activity and ONOO‐ levels, as well as increased complex I activity and excessive calcium uptake. All these alterations were prevented by co‐administration of L‐NAME with avocado oil. Moreover, the kidneys from hypertensive rats shown histological manifestations of renal damage that were also corrected by avocado oil. These data suggest that avocado oil could be beneficial to decrease hypertensive nephropathy progression by improving mitochondrial function, diminishing RNS production and normalizing Nox activity.
Support or Funding Information
This work was supported by a Coordinación de la Investigación Científica‐UMSNH grant (to CCR)
This is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this published in The FASEB Journal.
Los endofenotipos son rasgos presentes antes de la aparición de un trastorno y podrían ser útiles para identificar genes de susceptibilidad. Se determinó si personas con esquizofrenia y sus ...familiares de primer grado no afectados tenían un desempeño menor que los controles en la Tarea de Multitransformación de Expresión Emocional, que mide reconocimiento de emociones faciales. Las personas con esquizofrenia y sus familiares mostraron menor sensibilidad o requirieron más intensidad para identificar emociones que los controles. La exactitud para identificar emociones fue similar entre familiares y controles, pero menor en aquellos con esquizofrenia. Esto sugiere que la sensibilidad para el reconocimiento de emociones faciales es un endofenotipo de la esquizofrenia.
El artículo tiene como objetivo describir del modelo teórico para la evaluación, clasificación y mejora del grado de intensidad tecnológica en empresas cubanas. Para su elaboración se emplearon ...métodos de investigación, tales como: el análisis histórico lógico, la revisión documental y técnicas matemáticas- estadísticas. El modelo parte de cuatro premisas y 11 principios para construir los elementos estructurales. Los fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos se sostienen en la teoría organización, en específicos con el enfoque de los recursos y las capacidades. Se presenta la comprobación teórica del herramental propuesto en el modelo, este permiten que sea considerado una tecnología. Se pudo demostrar, desde el punto de vista teórico, la validez y la confiabilidad del modelo propuesto. Lo anterior, permite afirmar que dicho modelo es confiable, tiene una utilidad considerable, y posee un alto grado de usabilidad y de objetividad.
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