Using previously validated microbial source tracking markers, we detected and quantified fecal contamination from avian species and avian exposure, dogs, and humans on household cooking tables and ...floors. The association among contamination, infrastructure, and socioeconomic covariates was assessed using simple and multiple ordinal logistic regressions. The presence of
spp. in surface samples was linked to avian markers. Using molecular methods, animal feces were detected in 75.0% and human feces in 20.2% of 104 households. Floors were more contaminated than tables as detected by the avian marker
, dog marker
, and human marker
. Wood tables were consistently more contaminated than non-wood surfaces, specifically with the mitochondrial avian markers
and CytB, fecal marker Av4143, and canine marker
. Final multivariable models with socioeconomic and infrastructure characteristics included as covariates indicate that detection of avian feces and avian exposure was associated with the presence of chickens, maternal age, and length of tenancy, whereas detection of human markers was associated with unimproved water source. Detection of
in surface samples was associated with the avian fecal marker Av4143. We highlight the critical need to detect and measure the burden of animal fecal waste when evaluating household water, hygiene, and sanitation interventions, and the possibility of decreasing risk of exposure through the modification of surfaces to permit more effective household disinfection practices. Animals may be a more important source of household fecal contamination than humans in many low-resource settings, although interventions have historically focused almost exclusively on managing human waste.
We report the effect of Sr2+ and Mn3+ co-doping BiFeO3 on the crystal structure and the multiferroic properties of Bi0.95Sr0.05Fe1-xMnxO3 (0.0 = x ≤ 0.4, Δx = 0.1) powders, synthesized by assisted ...high-energy ball milling of stoichiometric mixtures of Bi2O3, Fe2O3, SrO, and Mn2O3; the powders were pressed at 900 MPa and sintered at 800 °C. X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement reveal the effect of Sr2+ and Mn3+ on the crystal structure. These elements act as inhibitors of secondary phases. Magnetic behavior, obtained using vibrating sample magnetometry shows antiferromagnetic order and an increase in magnetic susceptibility, due to slight differences in ionic radii and low crystal structure distortion. All the samples show high relative permittivity values, which is augmented by doping with Sr2+ and Mn3+ ions furthermore, the doping increases dielectric dissipation factor; it is attributed to their interaction with different oxidation state cations like Fe3+, Fe2+, Mn3+, Mn2+, Bi3+, and Sr2+, into the crystal structure of BiFeO3. Additionally, it was found increments of the electrical conductivity, due to the domain-wall charge accumulation phenomenon. In the same way, the relative permittivity improves as an effect of domain-walls conductivity, induced by Sr and Mn co-doping. The magnetodielectric effect presents a change in mechanism origin, from core-dominated (grain) to interface-dominated (electrode-dielectric, and grain-grain boundary), as a result of domain-wall charge accumulation.
•Strontium and manganese co-doped BiFeO3 pellets were successfully obtained by high-energy milling and sintered.•Sr2+ and Mn3+ induce slight distortion into crystal structure of BiFeO3.•Gradual increase in magnetic susceptibility is attributed to same ionic radii of Fe3+ and Mn3+ at high spin state.•Increase in AC conductivity with co-doping level is due charge accumulation at domain walls.•Increase in negative magnetodielectric effect is to interface-dominated co-doping and charge accumulation in domain walls.
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•Microporous aramids were firstly used as supporting membranes for solid polyelectrolites.•ILs were successfully embedded and photopolymerized inside their porous structure.•Ionic ...mobility is enhanced due to the porous interconnected structure.•Ionic conductivity values around 10-3 S/cm were obtained.•Membranes are potential solid, flexible and thermally stable polymer electrolytes.
This work presents the preparation of novel solid polymer electrolytes based on flexible microporous aramids filled with photopolymerized ionic liquids and lithium salt. The materials combined a high ionic conductivity with the mechanical and thermal characteristics of the aramids, including also good flexibility and handleability. First, a simple casting process was followed to obtain microporous aramids with an interconnected channel morphology. In a second step, this channel structure was filled with a solution of non-commercial photopolymerizable ionic liquid, commercial ionic liquids and the lithium salt, followed by UV irradiation to obtain the conducting aramids. Ionic conductivity of the materials was studied at 25 °C, and also in the temperature range between −50 to 90 °C, together with SEM analyses of the filled porous structure and thermal properties, to fully characterize the photopolymerization process of the ionic liquids inside the porous structure. The materials showed high ionic conductivity values together with excellent thermal and mechanical properties, indicating their viability as flexible and thermally stable solid electrolytes.
CD11c, a member of the leukointegrin family, is expressed prominently on tissue macrophages and dendritic cells and binds to complement fragment (iC3b), provisional matrix molecules (fibrinogen), and ...the Ig superfamily cell adhesion molecule, ICAM-1. CD11c has been proposed to function in phagocytosis, cell migration, and cytokine production by monocytes/macrophages as well as induction of T cell proliferation by Langerhans cells. Using assays to quantify CD11c-mediated cell adhesion, we demonstrate that CD11c recognizes ICAM-2 and VCAM-1. The CD11c-binding site on VCAM-1 appears to be different from that used by the integrin alpha4. CD11c and alpha4beta1 contributed to monocyte capture and transmigration on inflamed human aortic endothelial cells. We discovered that the anti-mouse CD11c mAb N418 blocks CD11c binding to iC3b, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Treatment of mice with N418 reduced SRBC-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity significantly. CD11c appeared to contribute predominantly to the sensitization phase and somewhat less to the response to SRBC challenge. This suggests a novel role for CD11c during leukocyte recruitment, antigen uptake, and the survival of APC.
To investigate the effects of immediate start of norepinephrine versus initial fluid loading followed by norepinephrine on macro hemodynamics, regional splanchnic and intestinal microcirculatory ...flows in endotoxic shock.
Animal experimental study.
University translational research laboratory.
Fifteen Landrace pigs.
Shock was induced by escalating dose of lipopolysaccharide. Animals were allocated to immediate start of norepinephrine (i-NE) ( n = 6) versus mandatory 1-hour fluid loading (30 mL/kg) followed by norepinephrine (i-FL) ( n = 6). Once mean arterial pressure greater than or equal to 75 mm Hg was, respectively, achieved, successive mini-fluid boluses of 4 mL/kg of Ringer Lactate were given whenever: a) arterial lactate greater than 2.0 mmol/L or decrease less than 10% per 30 min and b) fluid responsiveness was judged to be positive. Three additional animals were used as controls (Sham) ( n = 3). Time × group interactions were evaluated by repeated-measures analysis of variance.
Hypotension was significantly shorter in i-NE group (7.5 min 5.5-22.0 min vs 49.3 min 29.5-60.0 min; p < 0.001). Regional mesenteric and microcirculatory flows at jejunal mucosa and serosa were significantly higher in i-NE group at 4 and 6 hours after initiation of therapy ( p = 0.011, p = 0.032, and p = 0.017, respectively). Misdistribution of intestinal microcirculatory blood flow at the onset of shock was significantly reversed in i-NE group ( p < 0.001), which agreed with dynamic changes in mesenteric-lactate levels ( p = 0.01) and venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide differences ( p = 0.001). Animals allocated to i-NE showed significantly higher global end-diastolic volumes ( p = 0.015) and required significantly less resuscitation fluids ( p < 0.001) and lower doses of norepinephrine ( p = 0.001) at the end of the experiment. Pulmonary vascular permeability and extravascular lung water indexes were significantly lower in i-NE group ( p = 0.021 and p = 0.004, respectively).
In endotoxemic shock, immediate start of norepinephrine significantly improved regional splanchnic and intestinal microcirculatory flows when compared with mandatory fixed-dose fluid loading preceding norepinephrine. Immediate norepinephrine strategy was related with less resuscitation fluids and lower vasopressor doses at the end of the experiment.
This study examines the correlates of authoritative (warmth and strictness), indulgent (warmth but not strictness), authoritarian (strictness but not warmth), and neglectful (neither warmth nor ...strictness) parenting with short- and long-term socialization outcomes in adolescents and adults, with and without poor school performance during adolescence. Short- and long-term socialization outcomes were captured by multidimensional self-esteem (academic/professional, emotional, and family), psychological maturity (self-competence, social competence, and empathy), and emotional maladjustment (nervousness, emotional instability, and hostility). Participants (1195 female and 874 male) consisted of a community sample of adolescents (
= 602), young adults (
= 610), middle-aged adults (
= 469) and older adults (
= 388). Design was a 4 × 3 × 2 × 4 MANOVA (parenting style × school performance × sex × age). Results indicated that the relationship between parenting styles and children's socialization outcomes does not vary as a function of school performance. The link between parenting styles and socialization outcomes shares a common short- and long- term pattern in adolescents and adults: Indulgent parenting was related to equal or even better socialization outcomes than authoritative parenting, whereas authoritarian and neglectful styles were associated with the worst socialization outcomes.
Antidepressants in epilepsy Gutiérrez Rodríguez, M.M.; Corral Y Alonso, M.D.L.A.; Moreno Menguiano, C. ...
European psychiatry,
06/2022, Letnik:
65, Številka:
S1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Introduction
Depressive disorders are one of the most frequent psychiatric comorbidity in epilepsy and they have a negative impact on the quality of life. Depression often requires antidepressant ...treatment. However, it is often left untreated in people with epilepsy, in part due to fear that antidepressants could cause seizures.
Objectives
The goal of this study was to do a review and describe the evidence of the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatment for depression in epilepsy.
Methods
Review of literature sources were obtained through electronic search in PubMed database with special focus in papers published in the last 5 years.
Results
The existing evidence of the effectiveness of antidepressants in treating depressive symptoms associated with epilepsy is still limited and response rate was highly variable. It is essential first to optimize seizure control and minimize unwanted antiepileptic drug-related side effects. As the first line of treatment you should consider the use of SSRI or IRSN. The improvement in depressive symptoms ranged from 25% to 82% according to the different studies and depending on the antidepressant administered. A review of the literature indicates that the risk of antidepressant-associated seizures is low although some antidepressants such as amoxapine or bupropion are not recommended.
Conclusions
There are few comparative data to support the choice of antidepressant drug or drug class in terms of efficacy or safety for the treatment of people with epilepsy and depression. It would be important to design controlled trials of antidepressants in large cohorts of participants with epilepsy and clinically significant depression.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Introduction
Numerous studies have shown evidence that cannabis use increases the appearance of psychotic symptoms and disorders, and worsens the course of the disease in those with schizophrenia. ...However, a causal relationship between cannabis and schizophrenia has not been well established yet.
Objectives
In this presentation we try to review the relationship between cannabis use and prevalence of schizophrenia.
Methods
We performed a search of Medline looking for systematic reviews and methodologically robust studies in the field published in English in the last 5 years.
Results
A number of studies, both cross-sectional and prospective, find a prevalence of schizophrenia several times higher among cannabis users than in non-users. This association becomes stronger the lower the age of cannabis use onset, the higher the amount consumed and the higher the THC concentration are. Half of the patients with a cannabis-induced psychotic disorder turn into a diagnosis of schizophrenia within a few years. So far, it has not been possible to demonstrate a global increased prevalence of schizophrenia in relation to the increase of cannabis use in the population in recent decades.
Conclusions
Cannabis and schizophrenia have a complex relationship model; we still cannot clearly establish whether it is causal or the first works as a trigger for pathology in vulnerable subjects.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Introduction
The Mental Health Home Care is a program whose main objective is to provide care to people with a Serious Mental Disorders with difficulties to maintain continuity of treatment and link ...between the different resources. It is a program that guarantees continuity of care and facilitates the link between the different rehabilitation resources. It carries out a multidisciplinary approach to the difficulties of the patient and the family.
Objectives
Both analyze clinical, psychopathological and epidemiological characteristics of Serius Mental Disorders and review causes, incidence, prevalence, diagnostic, therapeutic tools and the importance of maintaining the treatment and rehabilitation in Serius Mental Disorders, because the abandonment of the treatment is a predictor of relapses.
Methods
Review of the impact literature for the last five years concerning Serius Mental Disorder: prevalence, incidence, pathogenesis and its relationship with other psychiatric disorders encoded in DSM-V.
Results
The program is made up of a Psychiatrist, a Clinical Psychologist, a Mental Health Nurse and two Nursing Auxiliary Care, two Social Workers and two Occupational Therapists.The responsible professional presents the patient at the program meetings. The program’s multidisciplinary team proposes an individualized treatment plan for the patient and family in the patient’s environment.
Conclusions
The objective and areas of global intervention is to provide comprehensive psychiatric, psychological, social and rehabilitative support in patients with difficulty in linking to other resources, keeping the patient in a normalized community context, improving treatment compliance and making appropriate use of standardized mental health services.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
Introduction
Charles Bonnet syndrome (CBS) is defined like visual hallucinations found in individuals who are not necessarily mentally ill, who have visual impairment and no cognitive deficits. ...Although CBS make reference to visual hallucinations, in this case we are going to deal about Auditory Charles Bonnet Syndrome (aCBS), a very infrequent condition that consists in the presentation of musical hallucinations in patients with sensorineural hearing loss and which etiology is not clearly due to a psychiatric condition.
Objectives
Review the scientific literature available on aCBS to see how much we know about this syndrome.
Methods
Review of available literature sources were obtained through electronic search in PubMed database.
Results
Musical hallucination is a complex form of auditory hallucinations. The most common of these are idiopathic and they present in elderly patients with deafness or impaired audition, which suggests a deterioration of cerebral function. The pathophysiologic mechanism is not understood. These patients tend to have intact reality tests. The time course is variable. In those cases in which it is possible, treating the hearing loss can lead to a significant improvement of the symptom. However, when every this strategies are insufficient, pharmacological treatments can be considered.
Conclusions
- aCBS is an uncommon condition characterized by the presence of complex auditory hallucinations that mainly affect elderly patients with hearing loss. - In most cases there is no previous psychiatric history. - The etiology and pathophysioplogic are not well defined. - There is no etiological treatment. We can use pharmacological and no pharmacological methods of treatment.
Disclosure
No significant relationships.
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