The neutrons scattering and capture cross-section processes has been calculated for natural28Si ,29Si ,30Si isotopes which are main part of nanosilicon samples when irradiated for 20 hours by ...epithermal neutron flux. The values of energies has been determined which given to nanosilicon nuclei as a result of scattering processes in the energy intervals of investigated neutrons. The cross-sections of radiation capture process and the amount of31Si radioactive isotope which can be formed by by30Si isotope in the energy interval of epithermal neutrons, the parameters of energy supply and ionization processes has been determined by interaction between energy carried of β - particles which disseminated in evironment and silicon atoms as a result of their β - decay. The formed defects has been determined in electron structure of nanosilicon under the influence of primary and secondary electron beams. Characterized interaction processes between nanosilicon and gamma rays irradiated from radioactive isotopes in impurities up to 1% in nanosilicon which formed under the influence of neutron flux. As a result of SEM investigation, interaction between surface defects inherent to nanoscale systems and O2 , H2O active components that arranged environment and increasing number of surface oxidation atoms determined under the influence of radiation from radioactive isotopes which are product of radiation capture processes when impact by neutron flux. The progression of agglomeration processes of nanosilicon particles under the influence of secondary radiation processes that caused by neutron flux has also been proved experimentally by SEM investigations. The characteristic of identification and generation processes of paramagnetic defects, that formed as a result of secondary radiation processes investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy method.
Abstract
This paper presents the gamma-ray detection performance of the newly developed MAPD-3NM-II type SiPM sensor array (4
$$\times$$
×
4) with
$$\hbox {LaBr}_3$$
LaBr
3
(Ce) scintillator. The ...gamma-ray spectra of various sources have been measured in the energy range from 26 keV up to 1332 keV. The newly developed array based on MAPD-3NM-II sensors proved
$$\sim$$
∼
22% enhancement in energy resolution in comparison to the former MAPD-3NM-I based array. The energy resolution of 662 keV gamma-rays measured by MAPD-3NM-II was 3.3% while clearly surpassing 4.25% resolution of MAPD-3NM-I predecessor. The enhancement is related to the high PDE of the new MAPD-3NM-II. Obtained results show that the new MAPD-3NM-II demonstrated good energy resolution and linearity in the studied energy region. The energy resolution of the new detector developed based on MAPD-3NM-II was better than all previous products of MAPD.
In this paper, the results of the investigation of multi-quark equations in the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model in the mean-field expansion are presented. The multi-quark functions have been ...considered up to the third order of expansion. One of the purposes of our computations is the study of corrections of higher orders to parameters of the model. The important problem of the application of the NJL model is regularization. We compare the NJL model with 4-dimensional cutoff regularization and the dimensionally analytical regularization. We also discuss so-called “predictive regularization” in the NJL model, and a modification of this regularization, which is free of the Landau pole, is proposed. To calculate the high-order corrections, we use the Legendre transform method in the framework of bilocal-source formalism, which allows one effectively to take into consideration the symmetry constraints. A generalization of the mean-field expansion for other types of multi-quark sources is also discussed.
As we know, one of the lifelong learning forms, which is the correspondence education, has received a wide circulation in our country. However, we have recently mentioned that the type of education ...should be adapted to modern conditions. As a way out from this situation, the article analyzed the specifics of the distance and supplementary education in the world and the stages of development. Mechanisms of application of existing educational technologies in Azerbaijan were studied. In order to achieve the goals mentioned in the article, the relevant legislation of Azerbaijan has been prepared and recommendations for institutional reforms have been prepared. In the context of globalization, the development of new technologies has negative effects, though there are positive effects. The strengthening of globalization leads to the inequality of development among countries, the sharp differences in the living standards of the population, the escalation of language, religion, traditions and, ultimately, the weakening of national state institutions. In this case, the protection and development of the state language is of great importance and special attention should be paid to this problem. At the end of the article, we came to the problem from another aspect, and we believe that if we use the right technologies properly and precisely, it can be achieved through the promotion of mother tongue. Our compatriots living abroad will be able to acquire new knowledge and will not forget and develop their mother tongue with effective use of remote training technologies. Millions of our compatriots living abroad will be able to benefit from these advantages. In order to achieve this, it is important to use the modern IT technologies' innovations as well as the effective use of language teaching methods for language development carried out by linguists.
We believe that there is a relationship between these two factors, and when analyzing lifelong learning issues, there is a need for two aspects. At the end, it should be noted that we have to analyze the problem from different perspectives and make suggestions.
The paper studies the concept of “Turkic dialects” in the historical language monuments of the Turkic people. The purpose of the study is to determine the history of the existence and formation of ...the concept “Turkic dialects” as the primary term in Turkic studies. The definition of this concept is a topical issue for Turkology in general. To observe the concept “Turkic dialects” in the XII-XIV centuries, there existed several dictionaries, in the XV-XVII centuries, there were neither dictionaries nor written sources that would allow presenting the concept “Turkic dialects” in all detail. The article notes that this period covers the times when the process of formation of modern Turkic languages was going on. In the study, comparative and historical-comparative methods of linguistics were used. The source of the research is ancient Turkic dictionaries. In conclusion, it should be noted that the dialect-speaking complex that formed the Turkic languages was formed precisely at the end of the Middle Ages. Therefore, it is possible to “restore” the picture of the dialect-speaking complex representing the dialects of the Turkic language of the 15-17th centuries, especially the “sketches” of the modern Turkic languages based on the dialectological panorama of today’s Turkic languages.
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