•Review of studies pertaining to use of dimensional stone waste in mortar mixes.•Dimensional stone waste as fine aggregate in mortar improve strength and durability.•At higher substitution level ...dimensional stone waste as fine aggregate increase water demand and shrinkage characteristics.
Dimensional stones are natural rocks that exhibit distinctive texture, vibrant colour and unique patterns. They are hard and durable, and, hence can be easily shaped into various shape and sizes; to be used as floor and cladding decorative purpose. Mining of these stones is highly unsustainable process producing tons of solid and slurry waste which pollutes the local environment. Studies are available where this discarded waste is used as a substitution of conventional construction and building material. The present review paper explores the effect of dimensional stone waste on workability, strength and durability properties when used as partial to full replacement in variety of mortar mixes. Reviews of studies suggest that the discarded waste improve compressive and tensile strength, enhances the durability characteristics and bond properties of mortar. However, the inclusion of this waste also increases the overall water demand to achieve the desired workability. The review of literature also highlights the shortcoming in the available literature and possible scope of research which are required in order to establish the use of dimensional stone waste as a construction material for mortar.
The retina is a widely profiled tissue in multiple species by single-cell RNA sequencing studies. However, integrative research of the retina across species is lacking. Here, we construct the first ...single-cell atlas of the human and porcine ocular compartments and study inter-species differences in the retina. In addition to that, we identify putative adult stem cells present in the iris tissue. We also create a disease map of genes involved in eye disorders across compartments of the eye. Furthermore, we probe the regulons of different cell populations, which include transcription factors and receptor-ligand interactions and reveal unique directional signalling between ocular cell types. In addition, we study conservation of regulons across vertebrates and zebrafish to identify common core factors. Here, we show perturbation of KLF7 gene expression during retinal ganglion cells differentiation and conclude that it plays a significant role in the maturation of retinal ganglion cells.
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an emerging public health concern in India, which has detrimental effects on both the mother and the baby. The data on prevalence of GDM was ...unavailable at secondary urban health facilities, from where a majority of pregnant women seek antenatal services, and the following study identifies this burden. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to June 2020 among pregnant women attending the antenatal outpatient department (OPD) at secondary level health facilities in urban Lucknow. A semi-structured interview schedule was administered to the study subjects for collecting the relevant information and 75 g of oral glucose tolerance test was performed irrespective of the meal. The cut-off points taken for the diagnosis of GDM and gestational glucose intolerance (GGI) was as per the guidelines of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare for diagnosis of GGI/GDM. Results: The overall prevalence of GDM and GGI in the study was 11.6% and 16.8%, respectively. Three-fourth of the women (22/29) were diagnosed with GDM in the second trimester of pregnancy. The prevalence of GDM (16.7%) was significantly higher in pregnant women aged more than 25 years and in those who were overweight. Mean birth weight (3.2 ± 8.1 kg) of the babies was significantly higher in the women with GDM. Among the fetal complications was respiratory distress observed among 28 pregnant women and 31% of them had GDM and this was statistically significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of GGI and GDM was found 16.8% and 11.6%, respectively. Gestational age, pre-pregnancy weight, pre-pregnancy BMI, weight gain during the pregnancy, family history of diabetes. PCOS, macrosomia and GDM in prior pregnancies was found to significant with GDM in the study.
There is a trend of upsurge in radicalisation of Sufi-Barelvis and violence resorted to by them, particularly in Pakistan, based on their uncompromising stance on the issue of blasphemy. Apart from ...its roots in various socio-political factors, strong emphasis on veneration of Prophet Muhammad makes Sufi-Barelvis extremely sensitive to any allegation of blasphemy. From print-media and Urdu press to social media and internet, the revolutionisation of the medium of communication in recent times has also played a key role in this radicalisation. Such interplay of ideology and technology is catalysing the twin processes of mobilisation and radicalisation.
Earthworms show a wide spectrum of regenerative potential with certain species like Eisenia fetida capable of regenerating more than two-thirds of their body while other closely related species, such ...as Paranais litoralis seem to have lost this ability. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida, in which the genomes of the marine oligochaete Capitella telata and the freshwater leech Helobdella robusta have been sequenced and studied. Herein, we report the transcriptomic changes in Eisenia fetida (Indian isolate) during regeneration. Following injury, E. fetida regenerates the posterior segments in a time spanning several weeks. We analyzed gene expression changes both in the newly regenerating cells and in the adjacent tissue, at early (15days post amputation), intermediate (20days post amputation) and late (30 days post amputation) by RNAseq based de novo assembly and comparison of transcriptomes. We also generated a draft genome sequence of this terrestrial red worm using short reads and mate-pair reads. An in-depth analysis of the miRNome of the worm showed that many miRNA gene families have undergone extensive duplications. Sox4, a master regulator of TGF-beta mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition was induced in the newly regenerated tissue. Genes for several proteins such as sialidases and neurotrophins were identified amongst the differentially expressed transcripts. The regeneration of the ventral nerve cord was also accompanied by the induction of nerve growth factor and neurofilament genes. We identified 315 novel differentially expressed transcripts in the transcriptome, that have no homolog in any other species. Surprisingly, 82% of these novel differentially expressed transcripts showed poor potential for coding proteins, suggesting that novel ncRNAs may play a critical role in regeneration of earthworm.
In the present study, use of mining waste, generated during mining of dimensional limestone is recycled, and used in different layers of flexible pavement. The waste was generated in the form of ...slurry and boulders. Slurry was dried and used as an additive to improve the property of black cotton soil. Addition of slurry was done at interval of 5% and mix were evaluated on the basis of improvement in geotechnical properties. Boulders were recycled into coarse aggregates of various sizes and were used as partial replacement to conventional aggregates. Recycled dimensional stone aggregates (DA) were used as replacement aggregates in bituminous mixes, and then were evaluated for strength and durability properties. Test results indicate that incorporation of 17–19% of limestone stone slurry by weight replacement of black cotton soil improves workability, strength of soil. Laboratory investigation also showed that recycled limestone stone aggregate can be used as 50% replacement in bituminous concrete and 25% in dense bituminous macadam.
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease and has been clinically associated with neurological complications. However, there is a lack of relevant models to elucidate the ...neuropathology of EV-A71 and its mechanism, as the current models mainly utilize animal models or immortalized cell lines. In this study, we established a human motor neuron model for EV-A71 infection. Single cell transcriptomics of a mixed neuronal population reveal higher viral RNA load in motor neurons, suggesting higher infectivity and replication of EV-A71 in motor neurons. The elevated RNA load in motor neurons correlates with the downregulation of ferritin-encoding genes. Subsequent analysis confirms that neurons infected with EV-A71 undergo ferroptosis, as evidenced by increased levels of labile Fe2+ and peroxidated lipids. Notably, the Fe2+ chelator Deferoxamine improves mitochondrial function and promotes survival of motor neurons by 40% after EV-A71 infection. These findings deepen understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of EV-A71 infection, providing insights which suggest that improving mitochondrial respiration and inhibition of ferroptosis can mitigate the impact of EV-A71 infection in the central nervous system.Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease and has been clinically associated with neurological complications. However, there is a lack of relevant models to elucidate the neuropathology of EV-A71 and its mechanism, as the current models mainly utilize animal models or immortalized cell lines. In this study, we established a human motor neuron model for EV-A71 infection. Single cell transcriptomics of a mixed neuronal population reveal higher viral RNA load in motor neurons, suggesting higher infectivity and replication of EV-A71 in motor neurons. The elevated RNA load in motor neurons correlates with the downregulation of ferritin-encoding genes. Subsequent analysis confirms that neurons infected with EV-A71 undergo ferroptosis, as evidenced by increased levels of labile Fe2+ and peroxidated lipids. Notably, the Fe2+ chelator Deferoxamine improves mitochondrial function and promotes survival of motor neurons by 40% after EV-A71 infection. These findings deepen understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of EV-A71 infection, providing insights which suggest that improving mitochondrial respiration and inhibition of ferroptosis can mitigate the impact of EV-A71 infection in the central nervous system.
We aim to investigate local perceptions of animal health challenges; current animal health knowledge; and methods to provide effective, relevant education to animal keepers in the Kanha Tiger Reserve ...area.
A farmer education programme was undertaken in the Kanha Tiger Reserve area. Local animal health priorities were investigated through participatory village meetings (n = 38), individual animal keeper questionnaires (n = 100) and a written survey of local paravets (n = 16). Educational interventions were: veterinary surgeon led education meeting (VE); paravet led education meeting (PVE); distribution of printed materials (PM). 230 village meetings were carried out across 181 villages, contacting 3791 animal keepers. 20 villages received printed materials. Information was gathered on perceptions of local animal health challenges and current remedies. Efficacy of knowledge transfer was assessed four to five months later using a purposeful sample of 38 villages.
Group meetings identified ticks (35/38), foot and mouth disease (FMD) (31/38) and diarrhoea (30/38) as the greatest animal health challenges. Individual interviews identified haemorrhagic septicaemia (HS) (87/100), blackquarter (BQ) (66/100) and plastic ingestion (31/100). Paravets identified FMD (7/16), BQ (6/16) and HS (6/16), and also indicated that animal husbandry and socio-economic factors were important. Current treatments were primarily home remedies and herbalism, but also included contacting a paravet, use of pharmaceuticals and faith healing. Animal treatment knowledge prior to intervention was not significantly different between groups (P = 0.868). Following intervention animal health knowledge was assessed: PVE performed better than controls (P = 0.001) and PM (P = 0.003); VE performed better than controls (P = 0.009). There was no significant difference between VE and PVE (P = 0.666) nor PM and controls (P = 0.060).
Open access participatory village meetings are an effective way to provide animal health education. In this region distribution of posters and leaflets did not appear to be an effective way to contact animal keepers. Meetings led by paravets can be as effective as those led by veterinarians and paravets can rapidly and sustainably contact large numbers of animal keepers. Investigation of the local animal health situation is essential to ensure education is relevant and accessible to intended recipients. Interventions must be carefully planned to maximise engagement of all sections of the community, particularly women.
Abstract
Moisture damage occur due to loss of bond between bitumen and aggregates. Ingression of water in bituminous mixes leads to various damage. The objective of this study is to investigate ...extent of performance of Nano particle based anti-stripping agent (Wet Bound-S) in resisting the moisture damage and improving the durability of bituminous mix. Bituminous mixes were prepared with polymer modified binder (PMB-40); optimum binder content was found using Marshall testing procedure. To check the resistance toward moisture, specimen was prepared at three void ratios of 3%, 5% and 7%, each sample set was tested in dry condition and moist condition by injecting moisture at 30 psi and 40 psi. Then each of these sample set were subjected to indirect tensile strength ratio test and dynamic creep test. Use of anti-stripping agent was done to see its effect under adverse condition. From the outcome of this study, it was observed that PMB-40 with additive exhibit more resistance to moisture.
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