The contemporary technological advancements of the twenty-first century are introducing paradigm shifts in every aspect of life. The “Smart City” concept has also brought the latest emerging ...technologies and their applications to the urban areas. The integration of Nano-technological devices collecting and transmitting data coupled with the availability and penetration of high-speed internet will only raise this potential by providing an easy way to receive and send real-time data more swiftly. The devices could also be connected with each other via the internet under the Internet of Things (IoT), making it possible to establish the machine to machine (M2M) communication between them. This large amount of urban Big Data can also deploy machine learning assisted techniques to ensure robust and precise urban analysis for getting significant insights and desired simulations ensuring the proper deployment as well as utilization of the phenomenon of Urban Intelligence. As the cities are entitled to become “Smart” in due course of time, these Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) will play a major role in improving the efficiency and effectiveness of urban services and management. Due to their highly versatile and adaptable nature, these technologies can be linked with different components of Smart City thereby enhancing the efficiency and capability of the existing urban systems. This paper discusses the emerging concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) and other associated technologies within the context of contemporary urban scenarios through relevant case studies. It further presents crucial insights based on the influence of these technologies as well as their associated challenges while also exploring the implications of the concepts like ‘Super City’ on the cities of tomorrow.
Unfired admixed soil blocks are made up of soil plus stabilizers such as binders, fibers, or a combination of both. Soil is abundant on Earth, and it has been used to provide shelter to millions of ...people. The manufacturing and usage of cement and cement blocks raise several environmental and economic challenges. Due to disposal issues, agricultural and industrial waste is currently the biggest hazard to the environment and humanity in the world. Consequently, environmental degradation brought on by agricultural waste harms the ecology. As a result, researchers are attempting to develop an alternative to cement blocks, and various tests on unfired admixed soil blocks have been done. This investigation uses agricultural waste (i.e., paddy straw fiber and sugarcane bagasse ash) and industrial waste (i.e., marble dust) in manufacturing unfired admixed soil blocks. Under this investigation, the applicability of unfired soil blocks admixed with marble dust, paddy straw fiber, and bagasse ash was studied. The marble dust level ranged from 25% to 35%, bagasse ash content ranged from 7.5% to 12.5%, and the content of paddy straw fiber ranged from 0.8% to 1.2% by soil dry weight. Various tests were conducted on the 81 mix designs of the prepared unfired admixed soil blocks to find out the physical properties of the block followed by modeling and optimization. The findings demonstrate that the suggested method is a superior alternative to burned bricks for improving the physical properties of admixed soil blocks without firing.
The current study on spatiotemporal variability of temperature presents a holistic approach for quantifying the joint space–time variability of extreme temperature indices over the ...physio-climatically heterogeneous Tapi River basin (TRB) using two unsupervised machine learning algorithms, i.e., principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. The long-term variability in extreme temperature indices, recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI), was evaluated for 1951–2016. The magnitude and statistical significance of the temporal trend in extreme temperature indices were estimated using non-parametric Sen’s slope estimator and modified Mann Kendall (MMK) tests, respectively. The multivariate assessment of temporal trends using PCA resulted in four principal components (PCs) encapsulating more than 90% variability. The cluster analysis of corresponding PCs resulted in two spatial clusters exhibiting homogeneous spatiotemporal variability. Cluster 1 is characterized by significantly increasing hottest, very hot, and extremely hot days with rising average maximum temperature and intraday temperature variability. On the other hand, cluster 2 showed significantly rising coldest nights, mean minimum, mean temperature, and Tx37 with significantly decreasing intraday and interannual temperature variability, very cold, and extremely cold nights with reducing cold spell durations. The summertime heat stress computation revealed that the Purna sub-catchment of the Tapi basin is more vulnerable to various health issues and decreased work performance (> 10%) for more than 45 days per year. The current study dealing with the associated effects of rising temperature variability on crop yield, human health, and work performance would help policymakers formulate better planning and management strategies to safeguard society and the environment.
Infection with
Helicobacter pylori
(
H
.
pylori
) leads to a fork in the road situation where it is critical and complex to judge the fate of the cell. We propose for the first time an in silico ...representation of a protein level network model that can unfold the mystery behind the cell fate decision between inflammation or cell proliferation or cell death. Upon infection TNF inducible protein α (Tip α) is internalised after binding with the cell surface receptor Nucleolin which is overexpressed on the cell surface thereby activating the Ras pathway. Tip α, Nucleolin and Ras decides the cell fate for apoptosis or abnormal cell proliferation along with ulcers in the gastric tract, hence we term it as the “death triad”, which otherwise triggers the inflammatory pathway through downstream signalling of NF-κβ. A series of proteins involved in the signalling cascade are portrayed through compartmentalization of the bacteria and the gut wall. The depicted network works synchronously toward an overarching goal of deciding between apoptosis or inflammation or proliferation. The model has been validated by simulating it with existing transcriptomic data along with clinical findings from patients infected with
H
.
pylori
across different regions in India. The results clearly indicate that for a short period of time there is increased binding of Tip α to Nucleolin and the receptor starts to saturate. This increases the tenacity of binding and the cell triggers an inflammatory cascade reaction which involves proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF α thereby progressing to inflammation by activating NF-κβ downstream. On the other hand, Ras involved in interaction with nucleolin can be present both in its activated or inactivated state. Binding of Tip α as a monomer leads to desensitization of Nucleolin leading to cell survival and proliferation.
The long-term spatio-temporal variability in twelve rainfall indices across Tapi basin are investigated for period 1944–2013. The temporal trends in aforesaid indices, representing magnitude, ...intensity, frequency and duration of rainfall, are analysed using non-parametric tests. The total annual rainfall exhibit uniformly increasing trends over Lower Tapi basin (LTB), while heterogeneous trends are observed across Upper (UTB) and Middle (MTB) Tapi basins. The rainy days portrays decreasing trends at 75% stations in the basin, while rainfall intensity displays increasing trends across LTB and UTB. On other hand, LTB and Purna sub-catchment (in UTB) show coherent increasing trends in extreme rainfall, while decreasing trends are observed over Burhanpur sub-catchment (in UTB) and MTB. A considerable increase in duration of dry spells is reported at 92.5% stations in the basin, indicating a marked shift towards drier climatic regime. Further, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is carried out to address the space-time variability of rainfall indices. The results of PCA were adopted in cluster analysis to identify the stations exhibiting similar characteristic variations in rainfall trends. The hydroclimatic teleconnections between rainfall indices and large-scale oceanic-atmospheric circulations of the tropical Pacific Ocean (viz., El Niño-Southern Oscillation) revealed the prevalence of wet conditions in the basin during moderate to strong La-Niña, while dry conditions were encountered during moderate to strong El-Niño and weak La-Niña events. The spatial estimates of rainfall indices are derived corresponding to 2-, 10- and 50-year return periods which would be helpful in hydrologic design and risk assessment of rainfall-induced disasters in near future.
On Earth, there is an abundance of soil that has been utilized to build homes for millions of people. Manufacturing compacted stabilized adobe blocks requires adequate water added to the appropriate ...soil type that has been admixed with binders and fibers to attain maximum density. The mixture is then compressed using the appropriate adobe-forming machine. Currently, the major environmental and human health risks worldwide come from industrial and agricultural wastes because of disposal concerns. The production and use of cement and cement blocks bring numerous economic and environmental issues. Utilizing locally available resources and enhancing standard production and testing methods are two feasible options for sustainable growth. Researchers have seen the promise of earthen construction as an alternative building material, and it is becoming more popular in the context of sustainable development. Marble dust (MD) (Industrial waste), sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), and paddy straw fiber (PSF) (Agricultural wastes) were utilized in this research to manufacture the unfired admixed soil blocks. This study utilizes marble dust composed up to 25%–35%, paddy straw fiber constituted 0.8%–1.2%, and bagasse ash made up 7.5%–12.5% of the soil. The marble-dust-bagasse-ash-soil mix was strongly adherent to PSF, according to SEM investigation. In addition, as is apparent from the image, the number of pores is insignificant. These images support the preceding conclusions regarding this sample’s increased flexural and tensile strength. The primary constituents discovered on the surface of an unfired ad-mixed soil block strengthened with PSF of length 75 mm were silica (Si) and oxygen (O), according to the EDS examination. Aluminum (Al) and magnesium (Mg) were found in trace amounts. The endurance characteristics of the block were determined by conducting different tests on the eighty-one (81) design mixes of the produced unfired ad-mixed adobe blocks, followed by modeling, optimization and microstructural analysis. The results show that the recommended technique improves the durability characteristics of admixed soil blocks without burning better than burnt bricks.
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is an emerging ailment of global concern. Its diagnosis at the early stages is critical for recovery. Therefore, efforts are underway to produce digital pathology tools with ...human-level intelligence that are efficient, scalable, accessible, and cost-effective. Following the trend, a medical imaging challenge on “Segmentation of Multiple Myeloma Plasma Cells in Microscopic Images (SegPC-2021)” was organized at the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI), 2021, France. The challenge addressed the problem of cell segmentation in microscopic images captured from the slides prepared from the bone marrow aspirate of patients diagnosed with Multiple Myeloma. The challenge released a total of 775 images with 690 and 85 images of sizes 2040×1536 and 1920×2560 pixels, respectively, captured from two different (microscope and camera) setups. The participants had to segment the plasma cells with a separate label on each cell’s nucleus and cytoplasm. This problem comprises many challenges, including a reduced color contrast between the cytoplasm and the background, and the clustering of cells with a feeble boundary separation of individual cells. To our knowledge, the SegPC-2021 challenge dataset is the largest publicly available annotated data on plasma cell segmentation in MM so far. The challenge targets a semi-automated tool to ensure the supervision of medical experts. It was conducted for a span of five months, from November 2020 to April 2021. Initially, the data was shared with 696 people from 52 teams, of which 41 teams submitted the results of their models on the evaluation portal in the validation phase. Similarly, 20 teams qualified for the last round, of which 16 teams submitted the results in the final test phase. All the top-5 teams employed DL-based approaches, and the best mIoU obtained on the final test set of 277 microscopic images was 0.9389. All these five models have been analyzed and discussed in detail. This challenge task is a step towards the target of creating an automated MM diagnostic tool.
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•Report on the SegPC-2021 ISBI Challenge Dataset on the task of Instance Segmentation•Released 775 microscopic images of sizes 2040×1536 and 1920×2560 pixels•Data captured from two different microscopes and camera setup•Largest public annotated dataset for plasma cell segmentation in MM, so far•Top-5 teams employed ensembling of large DL models with the best mIoU of 0.9389
A field experiment was carried out at the field of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur during the 2022-23 Kharif season to investigate the dynamics of Bemisia tabaci and YMD incidence ...on the soybean crop variety JS-335 with weather parameter. Incidence of YMD howed a negative but non-significant relationship with the highest temperature and negatively significant correlation (-0.627*) with the lowest temperature. There was a non-significant positive correlation between the disease and the lowest relative humidity as well as rainfall. In terms of Whitefly population, there was a significant negative correlation (-0.752**) with rainfall, indicating that as rainfall increased, Whitefly population decreased.
Inventory Management Using Blockchain and Big Data Bhushan, Shubham; Sharma, Manoj Kumar; Gehlot, Anita ...
2023 4th International Conference on Smart Electronics and Communication (ICOSEC),
2023-Sept.-20
Conference Proceeding
Inventory management is a cutting-edge system for tracking and managing the different parts and components of a larger inventory structure. It includes a variety of features that can help make the ...process more efficient, including inventory tracking, automated ordering, tracking of customer orders, and more. Present work explores the potential benefits of leveraging these technologies for inventory management. It examines how blockchain and big data can be used to increase transparency, accuracy, and security of inventory management operations. Furthermore, these surveys the current applications of blockchain and big data in inventory management and how these technologies can be used to reduce costs, increase profit, enhance efficiency and improve customer satisfaction. Finally, let's go over potential issues with and solutions for big data and blockchain integration in inventory management. The results given here support the use of blockchain and big data technology as a valuable tool for inventory management.
