Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 80% of all lung cancers. About 75% of patients are in the middle and ...advanced stages at the time of discovery, and the 5-year survival rate is very low. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) NORAD in the pathogenesis of NSCLC. We found that lncRNA NORAD was highly expressed in human NSCLC tissues and cell lines. The CCK-8 assay results showed that lncRNA NORAD had no effect on cell proliferation. The Transwell assay and Western blotting results showed that overexpression of lncRNA NORAD promoted the invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of NSCLC cells. Then bioinformatics analysis was used to screen for candidate miRNA bound with lncRNA NORAD and the target gene of miRNA in NSCLC. The luciferase reporter gene assay and RNA pull-down assay were used to verify the relationship. We found that miR-363-3p expression was down-regulated, whereas PEAK1 expression was upregulated in NSCLC cells. We performed gain and loss function test of lncRNA NORAD, miR-363-3p and PEAK1, the results showed that while miR-363-3p-mimic inhibited cell invasion and EMT by targeting PEAK1, lncRNA NORAD acted as a sponge of miR-363-3p and promoted cell invasion and EMT by increasing the expression of PEAK1. In addition, p-ERK expression was detected by Western blotting to observe the effects of lncRNA NORAD, miR-363-3p and PEAK1 on activation of the ERK signaling pathway. Taken together, lncRNA NORAD upregulated the expression of PEAK1 through sponging miR-363-3p, and then activated the ERK signaling pathway, thereby promoting the development of NSCLC.
Nano-cemented carbides represent one of the most widely used nanomaterials in recent years due to its unique mechanical properties and capabilities in wear resistance, corrosion resistance and impact ...resistance. The residual stress has long been recognized as great influence on the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and impact resistance of nano-cemented carbides. Composite Nano-WC-10Co-CNT nano-cemented carbides were fabricated with the amount (0.3 wt%) and sizes (SWNT 10-20µm in diameter) of Carbon Nanotubes embedded in Nano-WC-10Co. The residual stress and micro-mechanical properties of composite Nano-WC-10Co-CNT and Nano-WC-10Co were revealed by instrumented indentation tests. It was demonstrated that these two nano-cemented carbides had compressive residual stresses regardless of CNTs. And results showed that the compressive residual stress increased with the increasing hardness. The existence of CNTs have only a small, but significant effect on the residual stress of Nano-WC-10Co-CNT. Compressive testing determined that the residual stress of Nano-WC-10Co-CNT was smaller than that of Nano-WC-10Co.
Novel stereoregular helical poly(phenylacetylene) derivatives (PPA-Phe and PPA-Phg) with an amide linkage bearing l-phenylalanine and l-phenylglycine ethyl ester pendants were synthesized for use as ...chiral stationary phases (CSPs) in HPLC. The polymers showed different chiral recognition abilities depending on the coating solvents. Both PPA-Phe and PPA-Phg exhibited higher chiral recognitions when coated with CHCl3 by having preferable conformations. Their chiral recognition abilities depended on their molecular weight and optical rotations which were influenced by the polymerization solvents and monomer concentration. PPA-Phe and PPA-Phg showed rather different chiral recognitions, indicating that the benzyl group of the former and the phenyl group of the latter also play important roles in the chiral recognition. A few racemates were completely separated on PPA-Phe or PPA-Phg with separation factors comparable or higher than those obtained on the popular polysaccharide-based CSPs.
This paper explores the relationship between cultural knowledge and the specific meaning of a pronominal adverb in legal English where Chinese translators need to get the correct translation in then ...venture into translating the language of law. On the one hand, relying on the relevant legal cultural knowledge functioning as domain-general reference within a community or jurisdiction, translators, especially those non-lawyers, may find out the common grounds for decoding the meaning of linguistic expressions in source legal English and adopt such commonalities as bases for further exploring the specific meaning of a pronominal adverb, which would let translators, no matter a professional lawyer or not, get the general sketch of the meaning thereof. On the other hand, such efforts to consult the general sense cultural information need further extraction. Since the framework information out of such extraction would be organized into a systematic structure and lead to their final determination of the translation with efficiency.
In this work, the inclusion complexes of hydrophobic herbicide bensulfuron-methyl (BSM) with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-CD (2-HP-β-CD) were prepared and characterized. Phase ...solubility study showed that both β-CD and 2-HP-β-CD increased the solubility of BSM. Three-dimensional structures of the inclusion complexes were simulated by the molecular docking method. The docking results indicated that guest BSM could enter into the cavities of host CDs, folded, and centrally aligned inside the inclusion complexes. The benzene ring of the guest molecule was close to the wide rim of the host molecules; the pyrimidine ring and side chains of the guest molecule were oriented toward the narrow rim of the host molecule. The inclusion complexes were successfully prepared by the coprecipitation method. The physiochemical characterization data of
H NMR, FT-IR, XRD, and DSC showed that the guest and host molecules were well included. BSM had lower soil adsorption and higher herbicidal activity in the complexation form with β-CD or 2-HP-β-CD than in the pure form. The present study provides an approach to develop a novel CDs-based formulation for hydrophobic herbicides.
Alteration in the availability of soil base cations and micronutrients is critical to maintain stable ecosystem functioning under the predicted global change scenarios. However, changes in these soil ...cations and their relationships with soil physiochemical properties along soil profile remain unclear under the combined increasing N deposition and precipitation changes. In this study, the concentrations of soil exchangeable base cations (Ca, Mg, K and Na) and available micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn) were determined along an 80-cm soil profile after 13-year continuous N and water manipulation in a semi-arid grassland. Our results showed that N addition significantly decreased exchangeable Ca (− 25.4%, averaging across the three N addition rates) and Mg (− 7.8%) at the depth of 10 cm while increased available Fe (+ 70.5%), Mn (+ 64.7%), and Cu (+ 26.0%). Besides, the magnitude of the increase or decrease escalated with the rates of additional N. Such pattern was also true for the concentrations of available Fe, Mn and Cu in the 10–20 cm soil layer, but the magnitude of changes was much smaller than in the top 10-cm soil layer. Nevertheless, N addition increased the concentrations of the three available micronutrients across the entire profile, indicating that Fe, Mn and Cu were more sensitive to N addition in subsoils than surface soils. Nitrogen addition significantly reduced soil cation exchange capacity (CEC) in the top 10-cm and soil base saturation (BS) ratio in the top 20-cm soil, while water addition significantly increased soil CEC and BS ratio in the top 20-cm soil. Water addition significantly increased Na (+ 75.1%) in the entire soil profile and increased Ca (+ 14.8%), Mg (+ 12.7%) at the 0–10, 10–20 and 40–60 cm soil layers. Soil pH positively correlated with soil exchangeable Ca, Mg and Na, but negatively with available Fe, Mn and Cu in the upper 20 cm. Soil base cations and CEC positively correlated with clay and silt contents, but negatively with sand content along the profile. These results can extend our understandings on soil cation dynamics to deep soil profile under long-term N and water addition and suggest that precipitation effects should be considered when assessing N deposition effects on these soil cations.
CDK2-associated cullin domain 1 (CAC1) is as a novel cell cycle regulator widely expressed in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, its expression and function in drug resistant CRC cells remains ...elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the biochemical function and relevance of CAC1 in drug resistant CRC cells, and detect the potential mechanism. For this purpose, a total of 83 CRC cases were collected for the immunohistochemical analysis of CAC1 expression. Functional studies (stable transfection, flow cytometry, colony formation, and invasion and migration assays) were performed in SW480, LoVo and their corresponding 5-FU resistant cells. In addition, a nude mice xenograft model was established for further observation in vivo. In the present study, CAC1 protein expression was higher in CRC tissues than that in normal tissues (P<0.05). Furthermore, CAC1 protein expression was higher in SW480/5-FU cells than in SW480 cells. CAC1 knockdown arrested 5-FU resistant cells at the G1/S phase and increased the sensitivity of 5-FU resistant cells to 5-FU by inducing apoptosis. In addition, CAC1 reduced the invasive and migration ability of SW480/5-FU and LoVo/5-FU cells in vitro, and reduced their tumorigenicity and metastatic ability in vivo. Finally, CAC1 knockdown resulted in decreased P-glycoprotein and MRP-1 protein expression. Based on these results, it can be concluded that CAC1 plays an important role in the occurrence and promotion of drug resistance in CRC. Therefore, the knockdown of CAC1 may be considered as a new strategy for the development of CRC drug resistance treatments in the future.
Cisplatin (CP) has been used to cure numerous forms of cancers effectively in clinics, however, it could induce some toxic effects. Bee pollen is a natural compound, produced by honey bees. It is ...obtained from collected flower pollen and nectar, mixed with bee saliva. Bee pollen produced from Schisandra chinensis plants is described to exert potent antioxidant effects and to be a free radical scavenger. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of therapeutic treatment with Schisandra chinensis bee pollen extract (SCBPE) on liver and kidney injury induced by CP. The rats were intragastrically administrated with different doses of SCBPE (400mg/kg/day, 800mg/kg/day, 1200mg/kg/day) and vitamin C (400mg/kg/day, positive control group) for 12days, and the liver and kidney injury models were established by single intraperitoneal injection of CP (8mg/kg) at seventh day. The effect of SCBPE on CP toxicity was evaluated by measuring markers of liver and kidney injury in serum, levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in liver and kidney, observing pathological changes of tissue, and quantified expression of NFκB, IL-1β, IL-6, cytochrome C, caspase3, caspase9, p53 and Bax in liver and kidney. Compared with the model group, the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the content of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) in serum all decreased in SCBPE high dose group. Meanwhile, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) in liver and kidney increased, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) decreased. In addition, the histopathologic aspects showed that the pathological changes of liver and kidney were found in the model group, and SCBPE group reduced to varying degrees. Moreover, the expression of NFκB, IL-1β, IL-6, cytochrome C, caspase3, caspase9, p53 and Bax in liver and kidney decreased. Therefore, SCBPE could reduce the damage of liver and kidney caused by CP by reducing the level of oxidative stress, and improving the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic capacity of the body.
The contamination of 2,2’,4,4’-Tetrabrmodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) has drawn a worldwide attention over the risks in ecological and food safety. In this work, blue ...mussel (Mytilus galloprpvincialis) was employed to investigate the combined effects of BDE-47 (10 ng mL-1) and PFOA (100 ng mL-1) on tissue distribution, accumulation, elimination, and toxicity. Results suggested that BDE-47 and PFOA accumulated mostly in digestive gland, followed by gills and gonad, and M. galloprovincialis displayed higher accumulation capacity to BDE-47 than PFOA. Co-exposure treatment reduced the accumulation of BDE-47, and enhanced the accumulation of PFOA. Furthermore, biochemical and histopathological tests revealed that the aggravated toxicity in co-exposure groups was mainly attributed to the oxidative stress and damage of tissue structure. This work could be helpful to get a better understanding of the combined behaviors and cumulative risks of BDE-47 and PFOA in marine ecosystem.
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•BDE-47 and PFOA accumulated mostly in digestive gland, followed by gill and gonad.•M. galloprovincialis displayed higher accumulation capacity to BDE-47 than PFOA.•Co-exposure decreased BDE-47 accumulation, and increased PFOA accumulation.•Co-exposure aggravated the toxicity and residue risk of BDE-47 and PFOA in mussel.
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