The twenty-first century is the beginning of an era in which urban development at the international and national levels, equality, continuity, capability, administration involving many actors and ...settlement systems need to be dealt with using new settlement administration ethics. The concept of sustainable development first came up at the National Development and Environment Conference held in 1992 in Rio de Janeiro, when the action plan known as Agenda 21 was constituted at the Earth Summit. This is a comprehensive document assigning responsibility to governments, NGOs, local authorities, United Nations organisations, development organisations and all persons and institutions that have an impact on the environment. On this basis, this study evaluates the growing necessity of urban transformation in Turkey in various dimensions within the framework of Local Agenda 21, in which various actors can be involved. This paper approaches the issues not only from the point of view of the state, but also from the point of view of all actors to whom responsibility is assigned. It examines the philosophy of the Local Agenda 21 program and how it is being implemented in the Municipality of Harran, and it assesses the achievement level of Local Agenda 21 in Turkey and policies in the case reviewed. The paper includes proposals that will allow all local authorities in Turkey to examine their own programs within the framework of the Local Agenda 21 action program so that they can participate in the urban transformation process, develop local sustainable development policies and establish short-term and long-term strategic plans to solve problems.
Enaindvajseto stoletje je začetek nove dobe, v kateri bo treba k urbanemu razvoju na mednarodni in nacionalni ravni, k enakosti, kontinuiteti, sposobnosti ter administraciji s številnimi akterji in ...sistemi naselij pristopiti z novo etiko upravljanja naselij. Koncept trajnostnega razvoja je bil prvič predstavljen na konferenci o nacionalnem razvoju in okolju leta 1992 v Riu de Janeiru (znani tudi pod imenom »Earth Summit«), kjer so sprejeli akcijski načrt Agenda 21. Ta obsežni dokument določa dolžnosti vlad, nevladnih organizacij, lokalnih oblasti, organov Organizacije združenih narodov, razvojnih organizacij ter vseh oseb in ustanov, ki vplivajo na okolje. Na tej podlagi pričujoča raziskava ocenjuje rastočo potrebo po urbani preobrazbi v Turčiji na različnih ravneh v okviru lokalne agende 21, pri kateri lahko sodelujejo različni akterji. Prispevek se teh vprašanj ne loteva le s stališča države, temveč tudi s stališča vseh akterjev, ki so jim bile dodeljene dolžnosti. Preučuje filozofijo programa lokalne agende 21 in njegovo izvajanje v občini Harran ter tudi raven doseženih ciljev lokalne agende 21 v Turčiji in politike, povezane z obravnavanim primerom. V prispevek so vključeni predlogi, ki bodo vsem lokalnim oblastem v Turčiji omogočili, da bodo lahko pregledale svoje programe v okviru akcijskega načrta lokalna agenda 21 in tako sodelovale v procesu urbane preobrazbe, razvile lokalne politike trajnostnega razvoja ter pripravile kratkoročne in dolgoročne načrte za reševanje težav.
Urban open spaces present the good quality of life to communities. Open space systems must be considered as a sub-system of the urban infrastructure for creating the livable cities and the ...sustainability in rapid urban growth process. It has accepted to determine the necessities of some policies, finance managements and application tools to build the green infrastructure. When Istanbul metropolitan city has been investigated in this concept, some requirements that need functional and spatial connectivity, environmental protection and recreational opportunities for citizens appear in the environmentally insufficient areas. The landscape planning that will respond these negativenesses, present some solutions, provide some opportunities and prevent disappearance of the urban open spaces constitutes the conceptual framework of this study. In the last two decades, the modern landscape planning concept that called “greenway planning†in 21. century, the planners concern this concept with the aims of the nature protection that balances for both conservation and growth, creating livable environment and maintain open spaces. By enriching the existing green spaces and increasing their uses, helping to emphasize the values of the poor resources and linking them with each other. The firstly aim of the study is to define the greenway concept that is useful for urban metropolis. Greenway that is a special kind of linear landscape, represent the potential linking landscape features as historical/cultural, natural and recreational. Greenways has become a tool to reach the natural life by providing linkage to housing and parks, by saving unique elements of the natural and cultural heritage that is important for public recreation in this century. The second aim of the study is to define a methodology that is useful for greenway planning for Istanbul by adopting from planning methods in Europe and America to create areas that provide recreational an environmental benefits and the places that people escape from the urban stress of the daily life in there. After explaining the opportunities and benefits of the greenway for urban settlements, in this study the main purpose is to define the greenway like a solution and examine the feasibility of greenway that links the natural resources, parks, historical and cultural sites with each other or residential areas in some situations for Istanbul metropolitan city in which the green areas are disappeared with urbanization pressure. It was determined the planning principles in application phase by investigating the applied projects, concluded the study in local scale and emphasize Halic greenway plan like the beginning of the whole greenway plan of Istanbul.
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